was Past simple I/ He/She/ItI was there yesterday/ She wasn’t at

home/ Was it the best answer ?

were Past simple We/you/they We were satisfie with our results/
You weren’t lazy
Were they with you ?
will Future simple all I will help you with great pleasure
would Would like/ all I would like to drink a cup of tea
Modal verb / I would do it
Conditional If I were you, I would do it

have Present simple I/ we/you/they I have a car

Present perfect I have been to the US twice
has Present simple He/ she / it She has a boyfriend
Present perfect Is’s already happened
had Past simple all I had so many interesting ideas
Past perfect He said he had already watched that video

do Present simple ? I/we/you/ they Do you understand ?

does Present simple ? he / she / it Does she like it ?

Am Present simple I I m right/ I m not tired/ Are you happy ?

Is Present simple he/ she/ it She is at home / He is at work/ It’s so

interesting

Are Present simple we/you/ they We are lucky/ you are not right/ Are we
talented ?

Am / is / are / se folosesc in propozitii atunci cand nu avem verbe .

Do si does se folosec in prop care au un verb .

Pronumele inlocuieste un substantiv
Preposition : a(an) / the / to

Article : care idica ceva specific si special ( arata exact locul , se refera la ceva
specific ) : The : ex : I want the marker ( unul este negru si 4 albastre se refera
la cel negru in acest caz este special )

Care se refera la cev a in general : a/an ( I want a marker ( unul din ele nu
specifica care )

To : directie , indicativ, viitor

daca sunt doua verbe in forma de baza( infinitive ex : to go , to eat , to make etc
) adaugam to intre ele , inafara de verbele modale dupa ele nu adaugam to : I
like to eat ,

I need to go

I need to go to the store ( forma corecta ), iar gresita: I need go to the store ( to
pus in fata unui verb il transforma in forma de viitor . I m going to Jamaica next
year.

This time next week, we’ll be flying over the Atlantic

HAVE AND HAS

Have is the root VERB and is generally used alongside the PRONOUNS I / You / We / Ye and
They and PLURAL NOUNS. Generally, have is a PRESENT TENSE word. Has is used
alongside the PRONOUNS He / She / It and Who and SINGULAR NOUNS. However, there are
some exceptions which will be explained later on in the lesson.

WAS VS WHERE

As I said above, was and were are in the past tense, but they are used differently. Was is used
in the first person singular (I) and the third person singular (he, she, it).Were is used in the
second person singular and plural (you, your, yours) and first and third person plural (we, they)

TO ( cand utilizam aceasta prepozie correct )

I m going to the pary . sau I went to NY . ( toate forme lui go )

Dar I m going home . ( sunt cateva cuvinte care nu necesita to : ex: home , somewhere , inside/
outside, there.

We arrived at the airport . ( intotdeauna dupa verbul arrived punem at )

When will you arrive in London ? ( will este un verb modal si dupa verbele modale nu punem
niciodata to , de ex de vb modale : must , should , can ) nici dupa let’s sau hear nu se pune to .

Sunt si verbe dupa care se pune to aproape intotdeauna : need to , is/be able to , allows us to

I didn’t see him yesterday . ( dupa did ca si past simple folosim intotdeauna vb la present) / I have
seen him today . ( present perfect)

Subiect + (can, must, should) + verb

S+ Need +to + verb / negative : don’t/ dosen’t need to sau needn’t + verb / question word + do/does +
Subj + verb ( ex : what do I need to do it ?)

Utilizam :1) Can- for present / could -for past pt forma negative : couldn’t + verb

2) PUTEM UTILIZA COULD si pt present ( it’s possible and it’s good )

3) de asemenea il utilizam pt intrebari de politete sau foarte politicoase

Could you help me ?

You could help me / you could study harder ( eu cred ca e posibil pt tine sa studiezi mai mult )

May/might + verb / negative : may/might not + veb ( It may/might not happen ) ( maybe it will not
happen ) or maybe it won’t happen

Question : MAY/MIGHT + S + VERB ? MAY we take the first place ?

Maybe, it’ll happen ( future simple) sau It may/might happen

Probably , it will happen

Would , have to , shall/will

I would like to ( I’d like to ) ( mi-ar placea ) – I’d like to order it online .She’d like to join us . I would do it
( it is a good idiea to do it ) I would learn english here because ….

I must / I have to ( must but when you don’t want it , you have no choice) ex: I have to get up so early.

I have to do all these exercises ( you don’t want it but you must do it )
Present simple : usually , sometimes , often (times markers)

I must do these exercises ( inseamna ca vreau sa le fac daca tebuie sa le fac si nu vreau folosec have to
)

Shall/ will I think it will rain ( probability ) folosim I/we/you/ they/he/she /it will dar doar I/We shall

Shall I do it ? ( should I do it ?) dar nu se foloseste prea des , de obicei se foloseste will .

Times markes https://www.thoughtco.com/english-verbs-tense-resources-1210357

Prepozitii on , at , in , to min 7.47

Present simple passive , past simple passive etc ora 7.33

Have got ( cand utilizam don’t or doesn’t nu folosim got ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4fVZ-

EsGKw&t=26617s

Can si could ( modal verbs )

I can help you ( present)

I could help you ( past )

Could have + past participle ( forma 3)

She could have been there ( in aceasta situatie se foloseste have si nu has ) pt ca exprima o posibilitate
nu e ceva sigur .

It could have happened

May / might + verb ( in loc de viitor ) may I will do it tomorrow.

Can – in viitor folosim : will be able to

Present perfect : 1 h https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGMtP-4EWig

For , since , how long : we use present perfect continuous ( actiunea incepe in trecut si continua si
astazi ) Have/has been + verb + ing

SINCE : inainte de since utilizam present perfect ( have/has + Participiu trecut3) iar dupa since utilizam
simple past . He has been reading since I was home .

I have been learning English for 3 years

Past continuous : was /were + verb+ ing ( pt actiuni de durata din trecut ) ex am gatit mult ( frazele
incep de obicei cu when ) when she called me , I was working ( decic and m-a sunat lucram de ceva timp
si continuam sa lucrez )
Future continuous : will be + verb + ing ( de obicei apare in fraza waiting ) pt actiuni lungi de durata in
viitor : I will be waiting for you

Past perfect – had + past participle (forma 3 ) she said (2) that he had won (1) ( prima data a castigat si
dupa a spus )

Past perfect continuous – (cand avem in fraza past perfect + for ) se form : had been + verb + ing

When she came , I had been cooking for 40 minnutes ( cand ea a venit eu gateam deja de 40 min si
continuam sa gatesc , arata o actiune de durata delimitate in tim prin ( for ….40 min ) daca nu avem for
folosim doar past continuous when she came, I was cooking . ( nu artata de cat timp gateam ci doar ca
gateam cand a venit )

Future perfect ( future simple + by ) will have + past participle ( 3rd)

I will have reached the next level by next month sau I will reach the next level ( aici avem viitor simplu
pt ca nu avem by )

Future perfect continuous ( will have + been +verb + ing ---!!! By,for ) cand avem in fraza si by si for :
I will have been learning English for two years by next year

Present continuous for future : ( cand vorbim despre planurile noastre sau intalniri )

Am/is/are + vb+ing I am having a meeting tomorrow ( times marger arata ca am o intalnire maine )

We are having a party tonight ( TIME expression for past simple : next week ,etc )

To be going to ( este vorba de planurile noastre dar nu sunt sigur ca le voi face )

Am/is/are + going to do something : I m going to do it quite soon .( dar poate ma razgandesc si imi schim
planurile ) ; I m going to watch your videos every day. ( am in plan dar nu sunt sigur ca voi si face asa )

Future in the past : cand e vorba de viitor in trecut schimbam will devine would (1.14.50sec )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGMtP-4EWig : she said that she would do it ; he said that he
wouldn t come .

Used to do ( cand ai facut ceva in trecut dar nu o mai faci si acum ) : used to + verb

I used to go to the gym five days a week . ( mergeam la sala de sport 5 zile pe saptamana )

I used to play football regular . ( obisnuiam sa joc fotbal de obicei ). dar acum nu mai joc 1.16

Be/get used to (doing) something ( vb+ ing)

I m used to teaching English every day ( sunt obisnuit sa invat limba engleza in fiecare zi ) ( este ceva
normal pt mine ) I got used to teaching English every day ( m-am obisnuit sa invat engleza in fiecare zi )

Make somebody do something ( se spune in trecut ) :

They made me do my homework ( m-au facut sa-mi fac temele ) They made me stay at home ( m-au
facut sa stau acasa ) I will make u learn English ( te voi face sa inveti engleza )

Passive voice ( in vorbirea pasiva folosim to ) : to be made to do something :

He was made to stay at home ( a ramas acasa din cauza cuiva ) a fost facut sa stea acasa )

I was made to do it again ( am fost pus( de cineva) sa o fac din nou .

38.) Tag questions – care inseamna : adevarat ? really ? ( folosim forma opus apt a intreba )

Present simple to be : it is interesting , isn’t it ?

You are happy , aren’t u ? I m a good student, aren’t I ?

It isn’t bad , is it ? they aren’t busy , are they ?

Daca nu avem formele la vb to be( : I m , are , is) ; folosim don’t ( we,you/they/I) si doesn’t (
he/she/it)

Present simple : she lives here, doesn’t she ? ( avem doar sub + verb deci folosim don’t si doesn’t

He works there, doesn’t he ?

You know it , don’t you ?

She doesn’t do it , does she ?

they don’t understand it , do they ?

40) Past simple : ( to be / verb)

Was/were pt a intreba folosim opusul wasn’t ( I/he/she/it) sau weren’t (you/we/they) ?

She was happy, wasn’t she ?

They were together , weren’t they ?

She wasn’t sad, was she ?

41) Future simple : won’t he/she/they…?

He will do it, won’t he ?

It won’t happen, will it ?

42) Present perfect : haven’t / hasn’t

They have already done it , haven’t they ?

She has just come back, hasn’t she ?

43} Past perfect : had – hadn’t he had done it by 4 o’clock , hadn’t he ?

44} modal verbs : can – can’t ?

Should – shouldn’t?

Must – mustn’t ?

45) would wouldn’t ?

Could – couldn’t ?

He whould say it , wouldn’t he ?

46) never ( it’s an exception ) you use the same form :

Compare : He has been there, hasn’t he ?

He has never been there, has he ?

47) let’s – shall we ?

Let’s do it, shall we ?

48) if /when + future simple ( dar folosim forma de present simplu pt a ne exprima correct )

Tell me about that before she comes in aceste cazuri folosim prezentul simplu

I’ll say it after she leaves

I’ll do it as soon as she comes back

He will agree with u in case you persuade him (if) (la fel folosim prezentul simplu ca forma de viitor .)

I won’t do it until he is here.

I won’t do it unless he leaves ( if not)

50) when we give some advice

Would rather – you’d rather ( prescurtat)

Would sonner – you’d sonner

Had better – you’d better

You’d rather listen to her ( inseamna ca e o ide buna sa o aculti pe ea )

I’d sooner chooses the second variant ( inseamna ca prefer sa aleg a doua varianta )

You’d better listen to these lessons one more time ( inseamna : ca este o idee buna daca asculti ce

51) MAKE

She made a terrible mistake

I made lots of friends there

I’d like to make money

You are making progress in English

They made a very good offer for their clients

I made a decision at last

I’d like to make sure that everything is all right

She made a very good impression on me

I’ll make one more effort ot learn English

52) do

I do business. I’m a businessman

You need to do more exercises for more progress

Could you do me a favor ?

I do sport and I feel healthy

We did a very interesting research

53) look forward to (doing) something ( a astepta cu nerabdare) ( abia astept sa se intample) , daca
dupa to urmeaza verb adaugam +ing

I look forward to this event

I look forward to going on holiday

I look forward to seeing her

I look forward to celebrating my birthday

54) be about/ be just about ( se va intampla curand)

I’m about to do it ( I’ll do it soon )

She is about to come

He is just about to remember it ( este aproape de a-si aminti )

55) to/in order to/ so that

Daca avem un singur subiect folosim ‘’to’’ sau ‘’ in order to’’ , daca avem doi subiecti in fraza folosim ‘’so
that’’

1 subiect : I learn English to/in order to communicate with people from another counties

2 subiecti : I learn English so that foreigners (strainii) understand me

56) despite/ in spite of ( in ciuda faptului ,( chiar daca ) sau despite the fact / in spite of fact

I will do it despite/in spite of all these difficulties

Daca folosim verb dupa despite/in spite of adaugam +ing

I make these lessons despite/in spite of being busy .

57) some / any

58) vorbirea indirecta : 1.46

He said: She is at home / Past simple he said that she was at home

She works at school/ past simple he said that she worked at school

She worked a lot/ past perfect he said that she had worked a lot

She will do it antway / would he said she would do it anyway

future in the past we change will- cu would

He said : She is talking to her now

Past continuous she was talking to her then ( am inlocuit now cu then )

He said : I can do it /( am inlocuit can cu could ) he said that he could do it

Vorbirea indirecta 3 ( in vorbirea indirecta punem intai subiectul si dupa verbul , sau intrebarea
indirecta fara semnul intrebarii )
Where is he ? ---- She asched where he was

Where does he hork? ----- she asked where he worked

What did he do yesterday ? she asked what he had done the day before

Where will he go ? she asked where he wpold go

59) I want you to do somenting

I want you to speack English perfectly

60) either/ neither

Either he or she can do it ( cand avem de ales intre doua lucruri ) fie el sau ea o pot face

Neither he nor she can do it ( nici el nici ea nu o pot face ) ( folosim nor cu neither si or cu either

61) I like it

So do I ( I like it ,too )

62) have something done

I repaired my car ( inseamna ca mi-am reparat masina de unul singur cu mana mea ceia ce este putin
probabil ) correct se spune I had my car repaired ( inseamna ca masina mea a fost reparata )

I cut my hair / I had my hair cut

English adjectives

63) Comparative

Long – longer ( if it’s a short adjectives adaugam er )

Shor – shorter

Daca este un adjective lung adaugam more

Beautiful – more beautiful

64) SUPERLATIVE

The Short+ est

The shortest

Daca e adj lung the most important

Exceptii : good – better – the best ; bad - worse– the worst ; much- more- the most ; little – less – the
least ; far – farther/further – the farthest/furthest

65) Inversion

Under no circumstances will I do it .

No sooner had I left home than I got a call

Hardly had I left home when I got a call

66) doing something ( folosim prezentul simplu )

Learning English here , I feel great progress

Readinf English books , I also get pleasure

67) having done something (folosim trecutul )

Having done my homework, I went out. ( I did my homework and then I went out )

Having read the book , I decided to read it one more time

67) to / ing ( preposition ) ( daca avem alta prepozitie inafara de to folosim dupa prepoziti verb+ ing )

In general pune ‘to’ intre doua verbe , si cand avem: want spune want to do something

I want to do it ( verb + to + verb )

IF its another preposition , you say : preposition+ verb + ing

I m afraid of doing it

I’m keen on reading

I put off doing my homework

68) folosim ing si pt gerunziu si infinitive

De exemplu folosim ing dupa anumite cuvine :

I love singing

I hate watching this kind of movies

I enjoy learning English

She avoid talking to him

Mai folosim ING si dupa :

I can’t stand talking to him ( hate )

I can’t bear going to that place

I can’t help laughing . It’s so fuynny ( cant stop)

Would you mind closing the windows ?

Suggest ( cand sugeram ceva )

Daca avem un singur subiect : suggest doing something ( vb+ ing )

I suggest doing it

I suggest going to the cinema

Daca avem doua subiecte in fraza : folosim prezentul simplu

I suggest that we do it

I suggest that we should do it

2.13 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGMtP-4EWig

Utilizam very inainte de adjective slabe It’s very interesting .

Si absolutely inainte de adjective puternice It’s absolutely fascinating

TIMES MARKERS

1) PRESENT SIMPLE (words/phrases)

-I always come there on time.

-He often makes this mistakes.

- I usually get up very early

- She sometimes visit us

- He never does this kind of thing

Every day/week/month/year I talk to him every day. I visit this place every week. They go abroad every
month(go to another country) We celebrate it every year.

Rarely , seldom
They rarely spend time together.

They seldom go to the cinema. ( not often)

How often/many times a week do you go to the gym ? once a week , or full ansewer I go to the gym
once a week .

I usually do it in the morning

I prefer to do it in the afternoon

I never do it in the evening

He plays computer games at night and it can ruin his health.

I play this game from time to time ( sometimes)

He practices sport regularly

I get up at 7a.m.

2) PRESENT CONTINOUS

-now , We are learning English now

I’m watching this video now

I’m RECORDING THIS VIDEO AT THE MOMENT

I’m working very hard today

We also use present continuous for future when we talk about our arrangements /meethings :

Tonight , tomorrow , next week

I’m meeting her tonight ( you planned it)

I’m having a party tomorrow

They are leaving the city next week

She is working on this project at present.

Is she still working for this company ?

I’m currently calculating our costs.

 3) FUTURE SIMPLE ( o actiune scurta nu este ceva important pt mine )

-I’ll watch your videos tomorrow

I’ll focus on vocabulary the day after tomorrow.

Next week/month/next year

I will go there next week

She will join this fitness club next month( she will become)

My English level will be Advanced next year .

Soon, later, in the future

I’ll do my homework later

We’ll see her soon

You can fiind a better job in the future

I’ll be back in a minute( I’ll return soon )

Ultilizam present simple ( ca forma de viitor) after these words

If/when/after/before/until/unless/in case

Conditional 1

If it will rain ( este gresit ) , I will stay at home ( if it rains, I will stay home )

When she comes back, we’ll play this game.

In case he agrees, we’ll stop looking for other candidates.

4) PAST SIMPLE ( a short action ) ( timpul specific trecutului este specificat de fiecare data ) -
yesterday , the day before yesterday , last week/month/year, three days/ week /years ago , in
1984, in 1889 ..

I went to university yesterday.

I was at home all day the day before yesterday

He won last week

He went to Spain last month

He reached a strong intermediate level in English last year

It happened (three days/two weeks / five years) ago

I was born in 1987, 1997 ….

Cand punem intrebari folosim si avem in propozitie marker pt simple past folosim : did + S+ verb?

Did you watch episode last night ?

5) Past continuous was/were + verb+ing (il folosim pt actiunile lungi din trecut si de
obicei avem when in fraza dar folosim dupa virgula )

When ………, ……. ( there are 2 parts) ( in prima pasrte past simple in a doua parte past continuous )

When I came home , he was reading book ( prima actiune este scurta si a interrupt-o pe cea de-a doua
care este o actiune lunga si cea de baza )

(short action, long action )

When/While/as ( 2 long actions happening at the same time)

When I was preparing for the exam, he was having fun with his friends.

A certain time in the past : I was reading a book yesterday at 5 o’clock

6) PRESENT PERFECT has/ have + forma 3

-just, already, never, ever(il utilizam de obicei in intrebari), yet. This week /year/month , lately/recently,
many times , three times … hardly ( lucruri sau fapte care se intampla in momentul de fata , in present si
nu este specificat timpul )

I have completed my graduation . ( timpul nu este specificat ) cand vrem sa vorbim despre lucruri /fapte
pe care le-am facut si nu specificam timpul folosim present perfect .
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqX8gANPN-E

We have just studied this rule ( in the middle )

I have (I’ve) already been to this country

I have never been to Japan ( daca este adevarat )

Have you ever been abroad ?

He hasn’t come back yet

He has achieved it this week

He has created it this month

It has been a great success this year

I haven’t seen her lately / recently

I have been there many times

I’ve been to Spain three times .

My unchle has gone to NY 5 times. ( cand folosim present perfect asta arata ca este inca in viata si a fost
in NY ) , daca folosim past simple My unchle went to NY 5 times . ( inseamna ca el nu mai exista darn oi
vorbim despre ce a facut el cat era in viata )

7) FUTURE CONTINOUS ( it is a long action in the future; the emphasis/stress/accent is on the

duration / length) will be + verb+ing ( pt actiuni de lunga durata , si arata ca e important pt
mine sa astept mai mult timp )

Wait ( if it’s important) waiting cand il iltalnim de obicei folosim future continuous

I’ll be waiting for your letter / reply/ answer/ message/ call

A certain time in the future: will be+ verb + ing

I’ll be talking to him tomorrow at 3 o’clock

While

While he is working I’ll be having a rest ( unfair)

8) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS have/has+ been + verb+ing

(it’s for an action witch happened in the past and witch is still happening)

Since

How long

For

I have been learning English for 5 years ( I started learning English 5 years ago and I still doing it )

I have been living here since last year

How long have you been staying here ? working here? Recording this lesson? Doing it ?

9) PAST PERFECT ( one time before past simple )

Had + past participle

He did it ( past simple )

I said (Past simple) he had done( past perfect) it ( first he did it , then I said it)

By He had done it by 4 o’clock ( past perfect )

By the time she came , he had done all his homework

When ….. already When I returned , she had already cooked dinner. ( first she cooked dinner then I
return) ( the second action it happen before first action sau mai devreme )

10) Past perfect continuous

when, for ( one time before) had been+ verb + ing ( past perfect + for )

When I saw her, she had been playing the guitar for 20 minutes . ( actiune incepe acum 20 min si inca
continua )

1. She started playing ( prima data )

2. It lasted for 20 min .. ( a durat 20 mi n)
3. I saw her ( apoi am vazut-o )

11) FUTURE PERFECT

Will have + Past participle

Abaut the Future + BY , by the time

We will have finished this project by next month

By the times he returns, we’ll have completed this project.

12) Future perfect continuous

Will have been + verb+ ing

By

By the time + for

We will have been working on this project for 2 weeks by next month.

13) Future in the past

Will – devine would

He said that he would do it .

In prima propozitie avem past simple si daca in a doua este vorba de viitor folosim would/should +
verb