Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete 701 Types of Footings: transfer the loads from the struct tures. Common types of footings: ‘Sirip or wall Footing Spread or Square Footing footing is a continuous strip of concrete that vering out on each side of the wall Soread or square footings are pads that distribute the column loadin two directions to an area of soil around the column. 3. Rectangular footings is used to support loads on a single column whe ‘sometimes the location M, Note: The overall thickness h to be taken as 50 mm less than the actual thickness: h= 600-50 h=550 mm bh =F 1000(550) 6 S$=50.42x 108 S=. M, =0.42.12077 (50.42x 105) M,=96.35210° Nam M.=96.35kium oM, =0.55(96.35) @M, =52.99KN.m OM, >M, (adequate)Reinforced Concrete ¥,=275258N \, =220(0.10)(1) V,=22kN \, =22000N 0, =275258 (0.55) 0, =151392N OV, =151,39KN Note: When plain concrete have an edge thickness piles. The ct footings are the wable bending M, =0.42¢ Vic'S oM,>M, Where S = elastic section modulus 0=0.55 Example: Total thickness of plain concrete Footing = 600 mm = UE = 1000150 h=600-50=550mm b=1000 (one meter stip) ‘Alowable shearing strength V,=0.11 Vic bh oyry, 0=055 Reinforced Concrete a) Bending: Net upward pressure = alowable sol pressure — 14(2) ea = Alable sci pressure — pressure due to wt. of soil and concrete pena ial area = — e unset WeI "" Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete m1 b) Factored Upward Pressure: y For footing supporting masonry walls a eater” | Fa oth spring mse washer eile an en ears | rt ii 9 ru tty] i i Mu. M zt €) Steel Area Required: 4) Design Moment: M, =0{'bd' @ (1-059) oa Sale for Is wa ¥,=a, cn (3) LMA bbReintorced Concrete ) Spacing of Main Bars: 4», (1000 Kg (10%) =n, za( 3 ) =a, Where: 1000 {O08 = no, of bars $ S= spacing of bars 9) Temperature Bars: A, = 0.0020 bt for Grade 280 and Grade 530 deformed bars are used. (f, = 280 MPa, f, = 530 MPa) A, = 0.0018 bt for Grade 415 deformed bars are used. (fy = 415 MPa) N Stee! ratio should not be less than 0.0014 Max. spacing of temp. bars: Seat = St oF 450 mm 1 thickness of footing Spacing of temp. bar: A, = area one temperature bars Reinforced Concrete 713 | A wall footing s to support a 300 mm wide reinforced concrete wall with a dead load of 290 kN/m and a Ive load of 220 KN/m. The bottom of the footing is 1.20 m. below the final grade; Assume the soil weighs 15.74 kNim? and the allowable sol pressure is 193 KPa. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, {,= 415 MPa, Use 75 mm as ste! covering. Concrete weighs 23.5 kNIn? © Compute the width and depth of footing ® Compute the spacing of 22 mm a main bars and 12 mm o longitudinal temperature and shrinkage ste! ® Compute the development length required if Bar location factor y= 1.0 3400 mm Coating factor ye = 1.9 to Size factor ys = 1.0 Normal weight concrete A = 1.0 Solution: 120m © Width and depth of footing Try 500 mm thick of footing Eflectve sol pressure: qa = 193 -0.50(23.5) - 15.74(0.70) ger = 170.23 Pa Considering 1 meter strip of wal = 290+220 Width ot feoteg = “T7.25 Width of footing = 3.00 m. Utimate soi pressure 1.2DL+16LL ee Area Considering | meter strip of walt qu = 233.33 kN? WiedReinforced Concrete} Reinforced Concrete 115 Using 22 mm 0 a = 215.83 KN 300 (x 5 VW= 00.174 Vie bd ere VW. = 0.17(1) 0.75 J207 | Ve =241704N @ereeeo| 00 Vi = 241.7 kN > 215.83 (safe : = 9 in @ivmoc | © mrs coal 5= 223 say 200 mm o.. 2) Spacing of 22 mm bars: =2333 38) We ® Required development length: M,= 212.62 KN.m ail devopnent eg Ld= 15-0075 ~0.15 M= 0 be& (10.590) Ud= 1.275 mm = 1275 mm 212.62 x 108 = 0,90(20.7)(1000}(425}? @ (1 ~ 0.590) a © (1 ~0.59e) = 0.08318 = 75 (side cover) oF — 1.69490 + 0.107093 = 0 ee @= 9.0657 eee) “"e _ 9415) 00657 = PSE p =0.00328 144 Pasa = ES 2 Puc = 000337 g 33335 KPa Use pre = 0100337 228 4 NEA Ld =328(22) A, = 0,00337(1000)(425) rE eee A= 1434 mn? Development required = 721.6 maReinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete ue 97 189. CE Board May 2007 @ Spacing of bars at critical section: = 120+ 1.6L 1-300 mm concrete wall supports a dead load of 300 KN and a Bve load of Sale 220 KN. The allowable bearing pressure is 240 Kim. andthe level eee bottom ofthe footing is 1.2 m. below the ground surface. Assume cor a = 21+ 16(220) "i m3 anc soil is 16 KN/m3. fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 248 MPa. weighs 24 kN/m? and that of si is 16 KN/ a fy neers Use 28 mm @ reinforcing bars. Thickness of footing = 600 mm, covering 100 mn, 1M, = 295.44(1.055) © Which ofthe flowing gies the efectve sol pressure N= 164412108 .ne ing gies the wh of wall footing Wy= ee b&e(t-059 Which of the following gives the spacing of bars at critical section. 164.41 1 = 0 90(28)1000)(500)2 @(1 -0.59@) = (1 0590) = 00261 sho 0590?-@ +0.0261 =0 zi ©? 169490 + 0.0261 =0 1.6949 + 1.6422 o= ] a : w= 0.0266 Lal i | le py He 0.0264(28) a p= 0.000275 q 14 : Solution: rn = © Efectve sol pressure z ‘ EF. sol pressure = 240 - 16(0.6) -24(0.6) Prin = 335 EF, soll pressure = 216 KN/m? Puma = 0.005645 Use p = 0.005645 ® Width of wall footing A=pbd Gonsidering 1 m. strip of footing A, = 0.005645 1000)(500) _ 300+ 220 A,= 2823 mm? 216 L= 241m,190. CE Board May 1998: Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete footing shown in the gives the effective soil pres e effective soil pre pport the loads after the effects of the soil and concret ted) fc’ = 28 MPa fy = 280 MPa. ie o-200 kN Unit weight of s 900 mem Pe=t80 KN ‘Monable sol pressure = 200KPa 4, -s0Knmr 44 Pp = 200 KN/m ‘Ao=80 KN PL = 180 kN/m ‘oan | - ors] —T 15m, 12m bas] 3.39 ‘I wing most nearly gives the minimum width of fo est 0.10 m. such that the effective soil pressure rounded to the ne not be exceeded. Which of the factored loads act ing most nearly gives the ultimate shear due 12 section. Eflestve sol pressure de = 200 - 24 (0.46) - 16 (0.74) ge = 177.12 kPa ip of wall M= 135 kn 719 P:200+180=280 177,12 =382 5 8038) Tt 177.1212 = 3801 + 810 U2. 2.145L- 4573 =0 L = 3.47 say 3.5 m 5) ‘My = 180 kN.m = fu, Mu Snax = TU * y= 8288-230) V= 261.87 kW Pa120U+1 6. =2e kimReinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete ma ® Check for beam shear SPREAD FOOTINGS re or rectangular pads that supports a column load ge enough to support the column load. The sol causing tensile stresse These footings are squat Steps in Designing a Square Footing: ute the net sol pressure, Gr PotPr 20) gH KNOY ne =24 ENUM 900 ‘Alowable sol pressure = 200 KPa que: = qu — (soil and concrete pressure) Get = 200 - (16}(2) — 24(1) que = 144 KPa ® Compute the dimensi V, = shear force =a, (Ue) rea of footing = ‘ vee abd vy = 0172 ff 0=075 U = area of footing L=3m./ Reinforced Concrete _ inforced Concrete ® Compute for design moment Fadored design moment needed 0.5900) beL d=890mm P, Sole for oak as p=0.0032 nas 14 \ m+. \ [cpg ( : 8, «Y= punching force a Pow eww +47-P, cs Use p = 0.0038 (min) (punching shea tress) (44). where cand d in mmReinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete Oe Untimate upward soll pressure: a dead load of 890 kN and a 8-25 mm ears. A square 15.74 kNIm? and Assume a total de ® Determine the dimension 2 Determine the re @ Determine the required development length o Reinforcement location factor Wr = 1.3 Coating factor ye = 1.0 Reinforcing size factor Ws = 1.0 iormal weight concrete factor A= 1.0 Poc=8904N PEETIORN ee 7 Solution: LG © Dimension of the square footing. i q= L2DL+16LL owe j + g.= 12890) + 1.6(710) Efiectve depth a 274(274) = 600-75 nan q.= 293.57 kPa d= 525 mm Se tj | Beam shear: Efecive soll pressure i {es as ge = 240 — 0.60(23.5) - 15.74(0.) Eee jo = 253,57(0.645)(2.74) qe = 211.73 KPa | Vy = 518.83 kN Area required: W= ooiJEb. 4 DL+LL . A= 518830 = 0.75(0.17)a 4207 (2740) 4 d = 332.95 < 525 ok.Is Reinforced Concrete Punching shear 400 + d = 400 + 525, = 925 mm V, = [(2.74)? — (0.925)4] (293.57) Vo = 1952.82 KN V, = 1952820 N V.= 00.334 vie b, d b, = 4(925) be = 3700 mm 1952820 = 0.75(0.33)(1) V207 (3700)4 d= 464 < 525 mm ok Use 2.74 m. x 2.74 m. x 0.60 m. square footing Reinforced Concrete 7m ® Reinforcement ofthe square footing M, = 293.57(2.74)(1.17) 11m M, = 550.56 kN.m ou ja: \J2r wl | Pon = Pag = 1 me” 15 —— Poin = 0.0033735 Use pn = 0.033735 Ae required: 4053 mm?Reinforced Concrete @ Required development length la § vw @ have (RE) C= 75 mm (steel covering) C+Kt, _ 75+0 =3>25 2 600 Kt, = 0 (no stirrups) pe I t | aii ie nS fy 400 Ld 14 _y69 d, 2m Ld A, req. _ 42.69(4053 Ld = 426914053 _ 39.16 d, A, furnished ~~ 4418 La= 39.16(25) Ld =979 mm (required Ld) Development length furnished! t= 280 - 200-75 Ld = 1095 mm > 979 mm ok, Therefore the required development length is 979 mm Reinforced Concrete 729 82. CE Board May 2012: ‘A square footing 2.4 m. x 2.4 m. x 0.45 m. thick suf Pports a rectangular column 0.35 m. x 0.40 m. at its center. Column loads are service condtons DL = 680 KN UL= 400 KN {= 207 MPa §,= 275 MPa Concrete cover tothe centroid of steel reinforcement = 100 mm, DL=680 «N, LL=800 kN __l 10 mt {4~#—-#— a ia uu ee | Ta © Gaeulate the maximum wide-beam shear stress, ® Whats the maximum punching shear stress, ® Determine the number of 20 mm o bars required for ertical moment.Reinforced Concrete Solution: Maximum wide-beam shear stress. Joors ay 102s 74 P= 1.201 +1.6LL , =1.2(680)+1.6(400) ,=1456KN _& urea 1456 w 2.4(2.4) gy =252.78KN/ ¥, =252.78(0.675)(2.4) ¥,=409.548 = aba __ 409500 _ 0-75(2400)(350) v=0.65MPa e Wide-beam shear stress = 0.65 MPa forced Concrete ® Maximum punching shear stress 250 W=1456-252.78(0.75)(0.7) Wj=1323.2948 by =750(2)+700(2) 6, =2900mm 1323.29 > 075 (2900)(350) vp=1.736Pa Max. punching shear stress= 1.73MPa_(not sale)Reinforced Concrete ® Number of 20 mm 9 bars required for critical moment. M, =252.78(2.4)(1.025)(! %) M,=318.7kNm M, =0f'bd? w(1-0.59e) 318.7x10® =0.90(20.7)(2400)(350)2R R=0.0582 0.59@)=0,0582 6949 @ +0.09862=0 @=0.0603 Hoe 5 —0.0603(20.7) pr 275 (p=0.00454 Phin = 0.00509 Use p=0.00509 As=pbd A, =0.00509(2400)(350) 5 = 4276.4mm? Fleor N=4276.4mm? N=13.61say 14 bars both ways Reinforced Concrete 733 GOUMGR May ‘column 400 mm x 400 mm supports a dead load of 890 KN and alive load ‘of 720 KN. The allowable sol bearing pressure is 250 kPa. The base ofthe footing is 1.5 m, below the grade. Assume weight of concrete is 24 KNim? and is 16 kN/m. Total depth of footing is 560 mm and has an effective depth of 460 mm. © Which ofthe ® Which of ® Which of the following gives the shear stress for a two way shear/punching, Solution: © Effective soil pressure: isalye Effective sol pressure = 250 ~ 24(0.56) ~ 16(0.94) fective sol pressure = 221.52 kPa ® Dimension of footing: 8904720 22152 L=2.70m.A Reinforced Concrete ® Punching shearing stress: 8 8 P,=1.2DL+1.6LL P, =1.2(890)+1.6(720) P,=22206N a= 8 eke 22 27 q. =304.5KPa 8 a= 3 Py =2220 KN V, =P,-4, (086) V, =2220-304.5(0.86)° \=1 994.8KN = 1994800 __ = 0,75(4)(860)(460) 0, =1.68 MPa inforced Concrete 735 94. CE Board may 2007 A calumn 450 mm x 450 mm square supports a dead lad of 1000 1 and a We load of | 780.KN. The alowable sol bearing pressure is 240 MPa. The base ofthe footing is 1.5 m. below the grade. Assume weight of concrete to be 24 kW/m? and that of soll to be 18 kN/m?. The total depth of footing is {600 mm with a steel covering of 100 mm, oO ing gues the effective soil pressure. 19 Ques the dimension of he footing ® Which of the fllowing gives the moment at critica! section. Solution: © Effective sol pressure Ef, sil pressure = 240 - 24(0.6) - 18(0.90) Eft. soil pressure = 209.4 KM/m2e Reinforced Concrete @ Dimension of footing 1000 + 780 2084 L=292m Use 2.92 m. x 2.92 m. square footing B= @ Moment a critical section: 1235 m 292 1.20L+1.6LL wee +1.6(780) (2.92) q.=287.10Pa = 287:10(1.235)(2.92)(1.235) 3 2 m= 639.34 kim a Reinforced Concrete re Square Footing Supporting a Steel Column connected to a Base Plate Problem 194:A: A reinforced concrete footing is supporting a baseplate 230 mm x 285 mn x 0 = 350 KN and ressure qa = 200 kPa. Assume the base plate fe=21 MPa jum (W section) by = 204 mm (width of fange) ss offlange) t= 8.9 mm _thickness of web) Py=350 KN. PL=AS0 KN e Determine the effective depth ofthe footing based on allowable beam shear. Determine the effective depth ofthe footing based on punching shear. Determine the number of 16 mm @ steel reinforcements required for the footing Cx)Reinforced Concrete | Reinforced Concrete fon: ® Effective de solution: 1 Stic ote ting zed naval ean ser Punching force: V, =P, - 285 (0.115 +.)(0.271 +4) kN . 1000) 7a yf = 252259 ) 0.75 0.00038 (942.5 - 4) (1000) d d= 392mm say 400mm 0.17(1.0) V2i = 4=309.01 mm d= say 310mmA oS Sige @ Number of 16 mm o steel reinforcem ired for the footing, Design Moment .94. M, = 285(2)(0.9425) (22422) 2 M, = 253.17 kN.m 1-0.59@) M, =0pt, (be?) (1-059 253.17 x 10° = 0.9 (p) (400)(2000)(400)* (1 -0.59p 2) (p= 0.002255 (smaller value 2) 14 _ 14 a) Pag, = 0.0035 Use p = 0.0035 A,=pbd ‘A, = 0.0035(2000)(400) A, = 2800 mm? 2800 Pri = N= zy =8al sayN=9 X vagy 4 (20) Use 9-20 mm 9 bars Reinforced Concrete | Reinforced Concrete 736-6 PEDESTAL ‘an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported to average teral dimension not exceeding 3. For a tapered 1 is used to carry the loads from metal columns through the floor and soil to the footing when the footing is at some depth below the ground surface. The purpose isto avoid possible corrosion of the ‘order to minimize point loading on the base plate. When the pedestal is designed as an unreinforced member, the min. column percent steel (4 to 8 bars) i arbitrary added Min. A, for both reinforced and unreinforced pedestal Min. As = 0.10 Ay ‘A = cross sectional area of concrete pedestal Capacity of concrete pedestal: Ps = 0 (08510 A+ A4)Reinforced Concrete i” } Reinforced Concrete Soil Pressure under a footing which is subjected to an Axial load and a Moment 5 mm @ bars Using 2 rectangular footing where the soil pressure under the = (25) N= 3600 by assuming elastic action in compression, but no 4 N=7.3 say 8bars Use 8-25 mm obars ® Number of 25 mm @ anchor bol ; to cany a minimum shear force. ‘Allowable shearing stress = 70 MP Steel Base plate ‘column ‘floor pedestal P, =0.10(1425) Where: P= 142.5KN P = vertical aial load ° ‘A = area of contact surface between the soil and footing. | = moment of inertia of the area about the axis of rotation. P=AF 1). 2? 142500 = % (25) (70) { M_ = moment about the centro aus ofthe footing area N=414 © = distance from the centroidal axis to the point where the stresses are being computed Use 4 anchor bolts 3 = S515 c= 5=15m| Reinforced Concrete in be expressed at M = Pe where e is the eccer y of the Mow fn centoidal axis of the footing. The maximum eccentricity e, PM which causes the max. stress fy = + to be equal to zero, L w e= sore, == 6 6 The values e and e, are called the Ke Kern will cause compression over the en pressure distribution will approach a cover the part of the base such a way that the resultant load on the footing and the resultant ofthe soil pressure coincides as required for equilibrium. Net Soil Pressure = Allowable soil pressure minus the pressure due to weight of soil and concrete footing, toute = Gross soil pressure PMC Las gt (resol pressure) Reinforced Concrete © When eccentricity €€, = | a ETSI ae) ‘A spread footing supports a 350mm x 350mm column carrying a dead load of 300 KN and live load of 500 KN. The footing is subjected to an axial moment produced by the elect of dead load, five and earthquake. The unfacored moments are tabulated below. Mx = 50 kN.m ML = 60 KN. Mey = 36 KN.m Mpy = 30 kN.m My = 50K4Lm Mey = 29 Km Thickness of footing is 460 mm with an effective depth of 360 mm. The bottom of the foting fs 1.20 m. below the ground surface Unit weight of soll = 15.7-KN/m3, concrete = 23.5 kN/m?. ‘© Which ofthe following gives the dimension ofthe spread footing"9 = 72.82 kPa, Average sol pressure atthe center qu= 240.88 +365.744+197.684. 7,8 eh 197.68 72,82 = 219.28 kPa Wu = Pu- qu (0.710)2 Wu = 1160-21928 (0.71)2 Vu = 1049.46 kN __Ww = S bod 1049460 p= 0:75(710)(360)(4) Yp = 1.37 MPa< 033 4 ve = 1.52MPa (safe) ® Stee! requirements; 0.975 Consider only 1 meter strip 75) Mu = 365.74 (0.975) srs) Mu = 173.84 108mm Mu = oe! ba? (1 ~0.59~) 173.84 x 108 = 0,90 (2; ©= (1-053) = 0.071 wo 1.690 + 0.120=9 @=0074 100) (360)? ew (1 - 0.590) Reinforced Concretnforced Concrete 745, 20mm w bars @ 20mm 0. = oe oy ~ 0.074 eo ae p= 0.0038 14 Prin = Fy 14 Prin 444 Prin = 0.00338 Use p = 0.0038 As = pbd ‘As = 0.0038 (1000) (360) As = 1368 mn? Using 20 mmo bars: 1000 § (20) 240 = 1368 S= 2296 mmc. $= 220 mmc. ‘No. of bars: — 2300 +1 N= N= 11.45 say 12 barsReinforced Concrete 195. Problem: A compressive load P = 100 kN is applied as shown in the figure point 0.7 m. to the left and 0.30 m. above the centroid of a rectang section for which h = 3 m, and b = 1.5m 150m) }—- 23. }- —- 4» © What additional load acting normal to the cross section al centroid will eliminate tensile stress anywhere over the cro section? ® Determine the stress at A due to the total loads acting on ine the stress at B due to the total loads acting on rectangular section Solution: M, = 100(03) M, = 30kN.m M, = 100(07) M, =70 Nm Reinforced Concrete 18-0 ® Stress at A due to the total loads acting on the rectangular section. 100+ 160) 301075) | 70(1.5) 153) 084375” “3.375 0, = ~116 kPa (compression) ® Stress‘at B due to the total loads acting on the rectangular section. (100+P) (MC) (MC 0) =- +(e) A ( ), ( T ), a I oy =- 100160), 90075) 70115) 153) (0.84375 “3375, 0, = -177.8 kPa (compression)Reinforced Concrete 747 a Reinforced Concrete Co) Aa plea Solution: 196. CE Board Nov. 2012 © Maximum net sol pressure. A rectang ing is subjected to the following service loads: {,=16667+75. §,=325 kPa ® Minimum net sol pressure Axial load: DL = S80 kN LL=4204N Mu = 110 kNm Height of eartill above the footing = 1.5 m. Soil unit weight = 17 kN/m? Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m? . 325=q,-14.44255 ® Gakculate the maximum net soil pressure. z 2 Calculate the minimum net sol pressure. eee 2 Calculate the required soll bearing capacity.is 240 KPa. A one third increase id_and earthquake loads. Negh Compute the minimum size of the square spread footing with the loads and moment, Load Avia! Load (KN) Moment (kN) ob 1350 60 uw 650 20 Wind +670 0 Seismic 0 (0.3 m }0.90m ® Compute the minimum size of the square spread footing for combi gravity and wind. Load Axial Load (KN) Moment (KN.m) OL 2000 68 u 1200 28 Wind +1463 4200 Reinforced Concrete |Reiptforced Concrete 749 3 Compute the minimum size of the square spread footing for combined gravity and seismic oad oad ‘ial Load (KN) Moment (a.m) OL 2780 70 u 1670 30, Seismic £10378 0 ’ Solution: 1 For gravity leads only P = 1350 + 650 P= 2000 kN M=60+20 N=80 1m i PMC (=f ME ° al _P 6M erep up = 2000, 6(80) 7 Trial and error: | L=3m e 19.20 kPa us P = 1350 + 650 + 11185 (seismic + gravity loads controls) P= 3118.50 KN 319. 29-3185 6(60) Trial and error: L=32m UseL = 3.2 m.Reinforced Concrete © Minimum size of square spread footing for combined gravity and wind ads: ee Load ial Load (kN) nt (kN) OL 2000 68 uw 1200 2B Windload 1463 200 #= 1.33 (240) 19.20 kPa P = 2000 + 1200 + 1463 . P= 4663 KN of : M = 68 + 28 + 200 | M= 296 kN on P {6M aa: 6(296) 319.20= 468 . 82 Til and error: | L=4m, iL ® Minimum size of square spread footing D« for combined gravity and seismic loads: £= 1.33 (240) f= 319.20 P= 2780+ 1670+ 10378 P= 5487.50 M=70+30 M= 100 kN. _P 6M ] f-pt 6(100) v 319.20= 7 + 5487.8 c Til and errr: - 2 L=4.2m, . ere fs inadequate. clearance for square bands for the reinforcement inthe The reinforcements has a closer spacing inthe center strip column than the two outer strips. The middle strip under the column has a width equal to the length of the short side of foting, but not less than the width ofthe column and has its center coinciding with the center 2 of the column. The reinforcement in the center strip A, = ——— = Fay where is the total reinforcement in the short di the center st and forcement at AS = Asi + 2Ase where Asz is the steel area required at ach outer strip. B is the ratio of long side of the footing to the short side. Analysis of Rectangular Footing PoP Yeone =24 EN | Allowable soil pressure = 240 kPa® Beam shear on the long direction ‘Shear force Ws = qu WK v,=017a fi © Dimensions ofthe rectangular footing Ved iz Shearforce V =a, (c +4) -P. ‘Where (c+ d) is in meters "Said {actual punching shear stress)Reinforced Concrete © Factored design moment: ' ® Steel area A, along short direction. M, =of'bd' @(1-0.590) Sole for of 14 p= notes tan Pay = = A,=pbd b=L ® Steel requirement: A Seale . ‘1. Distribution of reinforcements along short direction: M, =of' bd’ @ (1-059) : ee Solve for cv 1 1 p= 2 conpaetop., = “4 | i Poe a; 8 iW A, =pbd Se [cares | ® No. of bars in the long direction: — x TE NEA, 4 J Le N= no, of bars ‘A, Ori ® Bending along short direction ano Ls W 2 A= 4 BH L A, +24, =A, 1A, = steel area required at outer strip A, = stel area required at center tip _155ee Reinforced Concrete Problem 198: Eee ‘A450 mm square interior column carries a dead load of 825 kN and a lve load of 668 KN. A rectangular footing is required to carry the column lo: such that the length of the long side must be equal to twice the width short side. Assume base ing is 1.5 m. below the ground surface ‘Alowable bearing pressure 192 kPa. fc’ = 27.6 MPa f, = 415 MP: 's 15.74 KN/m? and that of concrete is 23.5 KN/m?. Use nor weight concrete 4 = 1.0. Thickness of footing is 0.60 m. ® re dimensions of the rectangular footing. 2 Determine the longitudinal steel requirements. 3 Determine the steel requirements in short direction, DL=825 Nim LL=668 kNim 1sm va | Solution: ‘© Dimensions of the rectangular footing Effective depth = 600-75 Effective depth = 525 mm Effective soil pressure: 4- = 192 -0.6 (23.50) - 15.74 (0.9) get = 163.73 KPa forced Concrete Area required: w= DE+LL 2W (W)= W=214 L=428 A=2.14 (4.28) A=9.16 Utimate upward sol pressure: 1.2DL+1.6LL =| A _ 1.2825) + 1.6 (668) an 9116 Considering one way shear Wy = 224.76 (1.39)(2.14) V, = 668.57 KN V, = 90.17 4 Vie bd (668570 = 0.75(0.17)(1) V27.6 (2140) d d= 476 < 525 ok Considering two way shear (punching shear): W= 224.76 Vu= 1844.96 KN Vu= 1844960 N 4) - (0.975) V, = 60.334 Vic bod b,= 4 (975) = 3900 mm 1844960 = 0.33(1)(0.75) J27.6 (3900) d d= 364 mm <525 mm ok Use 2.14 m x 4.28 m x 0.60 m rectangular footing.| Reinforced Concrete ® Reinforcement in short direction: Reinforced Concrete (48) My= 348.46 HAL M=0k'b# @(1-0590) 343.44 x 10* = 0,90 (27.6)(4280)(525)°« (1 - 0.590) mee 915 @(1 -0590) = 0.0117203 a? ~ 1.6949 + 0.0198648 = 0 M.= 881.94 KN.m_ @= 0.0118 M.= ok’ bd o(1 -0590) of, 881.94x 10 = 0.90 (27.6)(2140)(525)'w (1 —0.590) ont @ (10.59) = 0.0601943, DL-#254N p (415) oF ~ 1.6949 + 0,1020242 = 0 Eanes 08 = 76 = 0,0624995, § p= 0.00078 ore US nin = 0.00337 ns24995 = 2S) p= 0.00416 A= phd ‘A, = 0.00337(4280)(525) A= 7572 mm Reinforcing in band widths 2 use p = 0.00416 Toa rinforements in shor esion ~ B-+T 2w pak Ww A=pbd are ' 10.28 meter | A= ocosr6(2t40y(s25) fas B=2 Ae = 4674. mm? Reinforcing in band widths 2, Using 25 mm 6 bars. Total reinforcements in short direction ~2+1"3 T 05) N= aw 5 (5) N= 4674 =—PeES rae N= 9,52 say 10 bars ——$——— 7572-3 Use 10~ 25 mm o bars A= 5048 mm?é Reinforced Concrete Using 22 mm @ bars. = (22)? N = 5048 N= 13.3 say 14 bars Tea Ay = Foy 4) Aas = 9322 mm? 2A + Aes =AS 2Az + 5322 = 7572 Ag = 1125 mm? aay N=1125 N=2.9 say 3 bars Reidforced Concrete 199; CE\Board Nov. 2012 19 2.5 m. wide along the y-axis, 3 m. long along the x-axis, lar pedestal, 0.45 m. in diameter. The horizontal force acting top of the pedestal al ofthe footing is 144 KN. The total 10 KN. Thickness of the focting is 3p ofthe footing is 1.5 m., depth from the top 1g 2.5 m. Concrete unt weight = 24 kNim# 761 Pressure.M=144(2.5) M=360kN.m P=1200kN _P | OM tw Rb = 1200 , 6(364 ‘ou = 32.5) ; 25(3)" {oq =256 kPa ® Min. net soil pressure, 2 Required soil bearing capacity ( =256 +0.7(24) +17(1.5) {, = 298.3 kPa reed Concrete — = 63 A rectangular footing, 0.70 m. tick, 2.5 m, wide along the y-ais and 3 m, long along the xa, supports concenticaly a column 040 m. square subjected tothe following loads ‘ial load = 1200 kN Moment about y-axis, M, ~ 360 kN.m Height of backfill on top ofthe footing = 1.5 m Concrete unit weight = 24 KN/m* Soil unit weight = 17 kN/m? © Calculate the max. net sol pressure ® Calculate the min. net sol pressure. ® Calculate the gross safe sol bearing capacity. Solution: © Max. net soil pressure. hn 1s 7 , f efi liesm : eee | 3® Min, net sol pressure. eeeh Soin Ba yg? 12000 _6(360) 258) 2537 Grin = 64 KPa @ Gross safe soi bearing capacity Geet = Vat 5M 256= ag -17(0.8)-24(0.7) a = 286.40 kPa ‘A 300 mm square colum shown. The column appl supported by 0.90 m. wide rectangular base as the base an aval service load of 357 KN and a service bending moment of 39 kA. paral! to the longitudinal ans of the base. The strength of the concrete in the base is 20.73 MPa, and the seinforcement is Grade 60, Fy = 414.7 MPa. pre Mil ues Pr=89KN (y= 12 Nem PSST Mia Nem oS | a 400 4 Neglecting self weight of the base, determine the required base length for an allowal ‘bearing pressure of 240 kN/m?. © Which of the following gives the max. factored earth pressure acting on the footing Which of the following gives the factored flexural shear force at the ttical section, Solution: ® Required base length for an allowable 240 KN/m?, P=268+89 P= 357K le soll bearing pressure of M= 12427 M=39kNm| Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete 387) @ _Factored flexural shear force m5) Donan “ie | bs Ge. [oe