Literature Review:

Social sustainability:
Social supply chain sustainability can be defined as addressing issues downstream and upstream
of the focal company without considering internal operations to stakeholders and suppliers such
as the local company society and consumer (Mani et al., 2015). There are following three ways
to manage social sustainability in supply chain in the definition of (Klassen, 2012).

1. What is related to social issue?

2. Who is related to stakeholders?
3. How practices are related to extend sustainability along supply chain?

In another study (Chardine-Baumann, 2011).suggests that social issues consists on different

social conditions like (health and safety, respect for social dialogue, employment and
development of human resources); Social commitment (social investment, local community,
healthcare, job creation, culture and technological development); Human rights (child labor,
discrimination and freedom if association); Business practices ( measure against corruption, fair
promotions of social responsibility and trade in the influence sphere); Customer issues
(protection of privacy, access to essential services, marketing and information, safety).

To cope with advancement social sustainability is gaining importance nowadays.(Muttil and

Chau, 2006; Wu and Chau, 2006) conducted real life case studies on sustainability and defined
social sustainability in terms of how societies communities and individuals live with the concept
of equity and basic needs. Social sustainability deals with human rights, working conditions,
cultural diversity, fair participation and fair wages.

The integral concept of sustainability contains interrelations among society, economic and
environmental development. These are the main three pillars of sustainability and to achieve
sustainable development in both industrialized and developing nations we must characterize
interaction and connection among these factors. The balance among these pillars cannot be
achieved without an adequate understanding of importance of knowing how today a decision
affects the society and environment. (Melnyk, 2003)
Human behavior:

Human behavior is an important factor as humans engage with operations in many ways as
managers setting operational policies or incentive schemes, workers performing in services and
production activities and as customers jugging and experiencing operational outcomes.

Studies extended its scope to include the effect of human behavior in process of performance
influenced by social preferences, cognitive biases and cultural norms.

Effective decision making involves the process of social learning the importance of the concept
of social increased in discourses on questions related to development, environment and resource
management. Adaptive management creates the link between the alluring concepts of scientific
methods with the policies and politics (Lee, 1993; Gunderson, 1995; Pahl-Wostl, 1995). This
field still contains some fluidity despite the fact that adaptive management has been around more
than two decades (Hooling, 1998). This fluidity considers the fact that it draws social learning
and institutional design fields that are still imperfect and evolving (Goodin, 1996; Pahl-Wostl C.
, 2002).

Social learning needs to capture both processes of apprehension and comprehension with respect
to resource management. This process needs to must combine the processing knowledge and
subjective intuitive understanding. Learning components are the understanding of dynamics of of
system to be managed and the social network relationships. These learning components are most
important in decision making process (Pahl-Wostl C. , 2002).

(Schroeder, 2003)Suggests to improve human behavior training has a vital role because it serves
in growth of organizational capacities and enhance the knowledge of workers who participates in
these programs as a method to build organizational capacities and knowledge. Research has
shown that implementation of environmental management systems by altering by changing the
behaviors of management and employees towards work through training as training is a key
factor in altering the behaviors (Sammalisto, 2008).

In various industrial sectors employ training is essential aspect of environment management

system in management of environmental and social issues (Lefebvre et al., 2003). Management’s
strategic integration and involvement as well as participation and employees motivation has
positive impact on achieving company’s competitive edge based on environment and social
action along these training aids in this initiative (del Brio, 2008). Training is necessary for skills
and knowledge development is major components for the adoption and initial implementation of
environmental practices and management practices as well as other operations (Balzarova,
2008). Companies in this era are investing in the training of employees to implement pollution
prevention practices and therefore can apply their skills to more advanced forms of
environmental management. (Darnall, 2006).