the next morning; but a feeling of guilt is
representation, James
not the same thing as a headache.
1he principIe of non-indirection thus
expresses a broader idea of coherence that
includes the emotional as well as the ratio-
nal. That said, vioIations of the principIe
are quite frequent, as in the case of German
or Norwegian empIoyees who are toa proud
to accept public subsidies for their saIaries,
but who accept their companies' being aI-
Iowed to pay a Iower electricity rate for the
23
sole purpose of maintaining empIoyment.
Another exampIe of the vioIation' of this
principIe: at the ConstitutionaI Conven-
tion held in Philadelphia in 1787, in order
to appease those who were opposed to the
idea of counting slaves in determining the
basis for electora!
Wilson proposed to include them in the
basis for taxation and then to make the Iat-
ter the basis for representation.24
One might aIso express the subjectivit:y
of rational choice by saying that the eye
cannot see beyond its O'i\rn horizon. ln the
keys exampIe, for instance, let us substitute
glassesfor the Iost keys. One cannot put on
one's gIassesin order to find them. Anocher
metaphor: the rationaI agent is caught in
the trap of his desires and beliefs. We have
just seen in what sense that may be true for
the attitude toward the future. To show
that the idea is also applicabIe to beliefs,
we can define a belieftrap by the fact that
the anticipated costs of verifying it are so