`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å

Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit

Workbook for Module 1

C P Brown Academy
The Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad
Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1
Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu
Managing Editor: GRK Murty
Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao
Editorial Support:
C Rama Devi, Y Anand
T Rajendra Prasad
Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu
Visualizer: S Ganesh
Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu
@ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved.
Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on
the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and
must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or
sellers.
Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to
civil and criminal prosecution.
First Edition: 2008
Printed in India
Published by

C P Brown Academy
8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta
Hyderabad - 500 082, India.
Website: www.alphacharities.org

Printed at:
M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd.
1, Technocrat Industrial Estate
Balanagar Cross Roads
Hyderabad-500 037, India.
 Foreword
-
The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”,
. is intended to help the Telugu
speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of
linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this
book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,
consonants, gunintamulu
. and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.

The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its
pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.
For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds
like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol
‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word
‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to
help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.
The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice
to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.

We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to
pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter
in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the
Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to
the learners.

Enjoy!

SS Prabhakar Rao
 `≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å
TELUGU ALPHABET
Vowels (JK«∞Å
Û ∞: Acculu)
–
* a a– i i
J P W D
come far bit feel

–
u u– ru
. ru
.
L T |∞∞ |∞∂
wood cool .rusi. root

.lu .lu– e e– ai

look
Z U S loop get stake mite

o o– au
X F B rotate oat out

am
. ah.
JO Jó some half

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
4
 Consonants (ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞ : Hallulu)
36 Characters
.
*
k kh g gh n
Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞
silk -
khaki go ghost
V prajna
.

.c
Î Î c ch .j j

K« K« Kè« [
-
.capa church witch -
.jabili
[ jug

~
jh n
~°≠ & -
jhansi ~
sanjna

t. th
. d. dh
. n.
@ ~î° _» _è»
take
.
-
nilakantha
. bird - -
asadha
. .
} -
prana
.

t th d dh n
`« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ
tabala thumb though -
dhoti
# nature

* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
5
 p ph b bh m
Ѩ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞
cup phone bat bharat month

y r l l.
Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊
young rust lump -- -
kalimata
.

v s´ s. s
= â◊ +¨ ã¨
levy ´-
sastry ship sun

h ksh r.
Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é home raksha error

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants
– –
( LÉèÜ
í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞:: Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga)

Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.
Í Í
They are K« [ |∞∂
ru-
.lu .lu- .c .j .
6
 JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e?
How to write Vowels?

a a–

come far
–
i i

bit feel
–
u u

wood cool

ru
.

.rusi
.
ru–
.

root

7
 -
e e

get stake

ai o

mite rotate

- au
o

oat out

am
.

some

ah.

half
8
 ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e?
How to write Consonants?
k kh

silk –
khaki
g gh

go ghost
.
n

.
prajna
c ch

church witch
j jh

jug –
jhansi
~
n

~
sanjna

9
 t. th
.

–
take nilakantha
.

d. dh
.

bird – –
asadha
. .
n.

–
prana
.
t th

tabala
thumb
d dh

though –
dhoti
n

nature
10
p ph

cup phone

b bh

bat
bharat
m

month
y r

young rust

l l.

lump – – –
kalimata
.
v s´

–
levy ´
sastry
11
 s.

ship

sun

home

ksh

raksha

.r

error

12
 How to write Vowels?
For practice

a–

–
i

13
 u

–
u

.ru

–
.ru

e–

14
 ai

–
o

au

am
.

ah.

15
 How to write Consonants?
For practice

kh

gh

.
n

16
c

ch

jh

~
n

17
 t.

th
.

d.

dh
.

n.

18
t

th

dh

19
 p

ph

bh

20
y

.l

21
 s´

s.

k
s
h

.r

22
 Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels

J Ѩ L JO

Hõ | U B

QÆ Ü«∞ S ~

Ѷ¨∞ P `« ó

V D ^èŒ X

K« Z ^Œ |∞∞

@ ~° à◊ W

~î° # Å &

} ~°≠ _è» Kè«

23
 Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants

J Z JO â◊

Hõ _» } JO

P U Jó ã¨

QÆ _è» =∞ Jó

W S |∞∞ =

Y ~î° ^Œ B

D X |∞∂ Ü«∞

Ѷ¨∞ @ ^èŒ ~°≠

L F Ѩ à◊

V & Éèí [

T B +¨ ~°
24
 Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters

F –o B – au
X –o | –b
V –n [ –j
& – n~ W –i
[ –j X –o
~°≠ – jh Ѷ¨∞ – gh
^èŒ – dh ^äŒè – th
# –n } –n
Å –l à◊ –l
~° –r é –r
~° –r ~î° – th
â◊ – s´ 㨠–s
25
 +¨ –s â◊ – s´
T –u D –i
JO – am Jó – ah
=∞ –m Ü«∞ –y
Ѷ¨ – ph Éèí – bh
Å –l @ –t
Y – kh Éèí – bh
Ѩ –p U –e
Hõ –k Hõ∆ – ksh
~î° – th ^äŒ – th
Z –e U –e
U –e S – ai
26
 Symbols of Gunintamulu
.
Telugu Letter Roman Character Symbol How to write Symbol For practice

J a

P –
a

W i

–
D i

L u

T u–

|∞∞ ru
.
–
|∞∂ ru
.

Z e

U e–

S ai

X o

F –
o

B au

JO am
.

Jó ah
.
27

.
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu)
.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

H± { J ´ Hõ – ka
–
Hõ { P ´ HÍ – ka

Hõ { W ´ H˜ – ki
–
Hõ { D ´ H© – ki

Hõ { L ´ ‰õΩ – ku
–
Hõ { T ´ ‰õÄ – ku

Hõ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$ – kru

.
–
Hõ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ$Ï – kru
.

Hõ { Z ´ ÔH – ke
–
Hõ { U ´ ˆH – ke

Hõ { S ´ ÔH· – kai

Hõ { X ´ H˘ – ko
–
Hõ { F ´ HÀ – ko

Hõ { B ´ H“ – kau

Hõ { JO ´ HõO – kam
.

Hõ { Jó ´ Hõó – kah.
28
 For practice ka Gunintamu
. (Hõ #∞O_ç Hõó)
Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
Hõ
29
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Y— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Mò { J ´ Y – kha
–
Y { P ´ MÏ – kha

Y { W ´ d – khi
–
Y { D ´ v – khi

Y { L ´ Y∞ – khu
–
Y { T ´ Y∂ – khu

Y { |∞∞ ´ Y$ – khru
.
–
Y { |∞∂ ´ Y$Ï – khru
.

Y { Z ´ Mˇ – khe
–
Y { U ´ MË – khe

Y { S ´ Mˇ· – khai

Y { X ´ MÁ – kho
–
Y { F ´ M’ – kho

Y { B ´ M∫ – khau

Y { JO ´ YO – kham
.

Y { Jó ´ Yó – khah.

30
 For practice: kha Gunintamu
. ( Y #∞O_ç Yó)
Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
31
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Q∑ { J ´ QÆ – ga
–
QÆ { P ´ QÍ – ga

QÆ { W ´ y – gi
–
QÆ { D ´ w – gi

QÆ { L ´ QÆ∞ – gu
–
QÆ { T ´ QÆ∂ – gu

QÆ { |∞∞ ´ QÆ$ – gru

.
–
QÆ { |∞∂ ´ QÆ$Ï – gru
.

QÆ { Z ´ ÔQ – ge
–
QÆ { U ´ ˆQ – ge

QÆ { S ´ ÔQ· – gai

QÆ { X ´ Q˘ – go
–
QÆ { F ´ QÀ – go

QÆ { B ´ Q“ – gau

QÆ { JO ´ QÆO – gam
.

QÆ { Jó ´ QÆó – gah.

32
 For practice: ga Gunintamu
. (
QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó)
QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·ˇ Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
QÆ
33
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ∞¨ — QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Ѷπ∞ { J ´ Ѷ¨∞ – gha

–
Ѷ∞¨ { P ´ Ѷ∂¨ – gha

Ѷ∞¨ { W ´ Ѷ∞≤ – ghi

–
Ѷ∞¨ { D ´ Ѷ∞‘ – ghi

Ѷ∞¨ { L ´ Ñ¶Ú ¨ – ghu

–
Ѷ∞¨ { T ´ Ѷ¸
¨ – ghu

Ѷ∞¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ѷ∞¨ $ – ghru

.
–
Ѷ∞¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ѷ∞¨ $Ï – ghru
.

Ѷ∞¨ { Z ´ ÃѶ∞ – ghe

–
Ѷ∞¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶∞ – ghe

Ѷ∞¨ { S ´ ÃѶ∞ÿ – ghai

Ѷ∞¨ { X ´ Ѷ∞¨ Á – gho

–
Ѷ∞¨ { F ´ Ѷ∞¨ ’ – gho

Ѷ∞¨ { B ´ Ѷ∞¨ ø – ghau

Ѷ∞¨ { JO ´ Ѷ∞¨ O – gham

.

Ѷ∞¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶∞¨ ó – ghah.

34
 For practice: gha Gunintamu
. ( Ѷ∞¨ #∞O_ç Ѷ∞¨ ó)
Ѷ¨∞ Ѷ¨∂ Ѷ≤∞ Ѷ‘∞ Ѷ¨Ú Ѷ¨¸ Ѷ¨∞$ Ѷ¨∞$Ï ÃѶ∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃѶ∞ÿ Ѷ¨∞Á Ѷ¨∞’ Ѷ¨∞ø Ѷ¨∞O Ѷ¨∞ó
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
Ѷ¨∞
35
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Kü { J ´ K« – ca
–
K« { P ´ Kå – ca

K« { W ´ z – ci
–
K« { D ´ p – ci

K« { L ´ K«∞ – cu
–
K« { T ´ K«∂ – cu

K« { |∞∞ ´ K«$ – cru

.
–
K« { |∞∂ ´ K«$Ï – cru
.

K« { Z ´ K≥ – ce
–
K« { U ´ KÕ – ce

K« { S ´ K≥· – cai

K« { X ´ K˘ – co
–
K« { F ´ KÀ – co

K« { B ´ KÒ – cau

K« { JO ´ K«O – cam
.

K« { Jó ´ K«ó – cah.
36
 For practice: ca Gunintamu
. (
K«Æ #∞O_ç K«óÆ )
K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«
K«Æ
K«
K«
K«
37
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu)
.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Kèü { J ´ Kè« – cha

–
Kè« { P ´ Kèå – cha

Kè« { W ´ zè – chi
–
Kè« { D ´ pè – chi

Kè« { L ´ Kè∞« – chu

–
Kè« { T ´ Kè«∂ – chu

Kè« { |∞∞ ´ Kè$« – chru

.
–
Kè« { |∞∂ ´ Kè$« Ï – chru
.

Kè« { Z ´ Kè≥ – che

–
Kè« { U ´ KèÕ – che

Kè« { S ´ Kè·≥ – chai

Kè« { X ´ Kè˘ – cho

–
Kè« { F ´ KèÀ – cho

Kè« { B ´ KèÒ – chau

Kè« { JO ´ KèO« – cham

.
Kè« { Jó ´ Kè«ó – chah.

38
 For practice: cha Gunintamu
. ( Kè« #∞O_ç Kèó« )
Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
Kè«
39
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ja-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

*ò { J ´ [ – ja
–
[ { P ´ *Ï – ja

[ { W ´ l – ji
–
[ { D ´ r – ji

[ { L ´ A – ju
–
[ { T ´ E – ju

[ { |∞∞ ´ [$ – jru
.
–
[ { |∞∂ ´ [$Ï – jru
.

[ { Z ´ *ˇ – je
–
[ { U ´ *Ë – je

[ { S ´ *ˇ· – jai

[ { X ´ *Á – jo
–
[ { F ´ *’ – jo

[ { B ´ *∫ – jau

[ { JO ´ [O – jam
.

[ { Jó ´ [ó – jah.
40
 For practice: ja Gunintamu (
[ #∞O_ç [ó)
.
[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
41
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (jha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

~ü≠ { J ´ ~°≠ – jha

–
~°≠ { P ´ ~°≠Ï – jha

~°≠ { W ´ i≠ – jhi
–
~°≠ { D ´ s≠ – jhi

~°≠ { L ´ ~°≠∞ – jhu

–
~°≠ { T ´ ~°≠∂– jhu

~°≠ { |∞∞ ´ ~°≠$ – jhru

.
–
~°≠ { |∞∂ ´ ~°≠$Ï– jhru
.

~°≠ { Z ´ Ô~≠ – jhe

–
~°≠ { U ´ ˆ~≠ – jhe

~°≠ { S ´ ~Ô ≠ÿ – jhai

~°≠ { X ´ ~Ô ≠∞ – jho
–
~°≠ { F ´ ~Ô ≠Ï – jho

~°≠ { B ´ ~°≠ø – jhau

~°≠ { JO ´ ~°≠O– jham

.

~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – jhah.

42
 For practice: jha Gunintamu
. ( ~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó)
~°≠ ~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞ ~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï ~Ô ≠ ~ˆ ~¡-≠ ~Ô ≠ÿ ~Ô ≠∞ ~Ô ≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
~°≠
43
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)
. .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

\ò { J ´ @ – ta
.
–
@ { P ´ \Ï – ta
.
@ { W ´ \˜ – ti.
–
@ { D ´ \© – ti.

@ { L ´ @∞ – .tu
–
@ { T ´ @∂ – .tu

@ { |∞∞ ´ @$ – .tru
.
–
@ { |∞∂ ´ @$Ï – .tru
.

@ { Z ´ >ˇ – te
.
–
@ { U ´ >Ë – te
.

@ { S ´ >ˇÿ – tai
.

@ { X ´ \Á – to
.
–
@ { F ´ \’ – to
.

@ { B ´ \∫ – tau
.

@ { JO ´ @O – tam
. .

@ { Jó ´ @ó – tah
. .
44
 For practice: ta
. Gunintamu
. (
@ #∞O_ç @ó)
@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
45
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)
. .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

~îü { J ´ ~î° – tha

.
–
~î° { P ´ ~îå – tha
.

~î° { W ´ iî – thi
.
–
~î° { D ´ sî – thi
.

~î° { L ´ ~î∞° – thu

.
–
~î° { T ´ ~î∂° – thu
.

~î° { |∞∞ ´ ~î$° – thru

. .
–
~î° { |∞∂ ´ ~î$° Ï – thru
. .

~î° { Z ´ ~Ô î – the
.
–
~î° { U ´ ~ˆ î – the
.

~î° { S ´ ~Ô ·î – thai
.

~î° { X ´ ~î˘ – tho

.
–
~î° { F ´ ~îÀ – tho
.

~î° { B ´ ~î“ – thau

.

~î° { JO ´ ~îO° – tham

. .

~î° { Jó ´ ~î°ó – thah

. .
46
 For practice t.ha Gunintamu
. (~î° #∞O_ç ~î°ó)
~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï Ô~î ˆ~î Ô~î· ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó
~î°
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°
~î°
~î°õ
~î°
~î°õ
~î°õ
~î°õ
47
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu)
. .
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

_£ { J ´ _» – da
.
–
_» { P ´ _® – da
.
_» { W ´ _ç – di
.
–
_» { D ´ _ô – di
.

_» { L ´ _»∞ – du
.
–
_» { T ´ _»∂ – du
.

_» { |∞∞ ´ _»$ – dru

..
–
_» { |∞∂ ´ _»$Ï – dru
..

_» { Z ´ _≥ˇ – de
.
–
_» { U ´ _Õ – de
.

_» { S ´ _≥ÿ – dai
.

_» { X ´ _˘ – do
.
–
_» { F ´ _À – do
.

_» { B ´ _Ò – dau
.

_» { JO ´ _»O – dam
. .

_» { Jó ´ _»ó – dah
. .
48
 For practice: da
. Gunintamu
. (
_» #∞O_ç _»ó)
_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·ˇ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó
_»
_Æ
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
_»
49
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)
. .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

_è£ { J ´ _è» – dha

.
–
_è» { P ´ _è® – dha
.

_è» { W ´ _èç – dhi

.
–
_è» { D ´ _èô – dhi
.

_è» { L ´ _è∞» – dhu

.
–
_è» { T ´ _è∂» – dhu
.

_è» { |∞∞ ´ _è$» – dhru

. .
–
_è» { |∞∂ ´ _è$» Ï – dhru
. .

_è» { Z ´ _è≥ – dhe

.
–
_è» { U ´ _èÕ – dhe
.

_è» { S ´ _è·≥ – dhai

.

_è» { X ´ _è˘ – dho

.
–
_è» { F ´ _èÀ – dho
.

_è» { B ´ _èÒ – dhau

.

_è» { JO ´ _èO» – dham

. .

_è» { Jó ´ _è»ó – dhah

. .
50
 For practice: dha
. Gunintamu
. ( _è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)
_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»Æ
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»
_è»Æ
_è»
51
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '}— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu)
. .
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

}ü { J ´ } – na
.
–
} { P ´ }Ï – na
.

} { W ´ }˜ – ni
.
–
} { D ´ }© – ni
.

} { L ´ }∞ – nu
.
–
} { T ´ }∂ – nu
.

} { |∞∞ ´ }$ – nru
..
–
} { |∞∂ ´ }$Ï – nru
..

} { Z ´ }ˇ – ne
.
–
} { U ´ }Ë – ne
.

} { S ´ }ˇÿ – nai
.

} { X ´ }˘ – no
.
–
} { F ´ }À – no
.

} { B ´ }∫ – nau
.

} { JO ´ }O – nam
. .

} { Jó ´ }ó – nah
. .
52
 For practice: na
. Gunintamu
. ( } #∞O_ç }ó)
} }Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }ˇ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘ }À }∫ }O }ó
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
53
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '`«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

`ü { J ´ `« – ta
–
`« { P ´ `å – ta

`« { W ´ u – ti
–
`« { D ´ f – ti

`« { L ´ `«∞ – tu
–
`« { T ´ `«∂ – tu

`« { |∞∞ ´ `«$ – tru

.
–
`« { |∞∂ ´ `«$Ï – tru
.

`« { Z ´ `≥ – te
–
`« { U ´ `Õ – te

`« { S ´ `≥· – tai

`« { X ´ `˘ – to
–
`« { F ´ `À – to

`« { B ´ `Ò – tau

`« { JO ´ `«O – tam
.

`« { Jó ´ `«ó – tah.
54
 For practice: ta Gunintamu
. (`« #∞O_ç `«ó)
`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó
`«Æ
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
`«
55
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^䌗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

^ä£ { J ´ ^äŒ – tha

–
^äŒ { P ´ ^ä• – tha

^äŒ { W ´ kä – thi
–
^äŒ { D ´ nä – thi

^äŒ { L ´ ^ä∞Œ – thu

–
^äŒ { T ´ ^ä∂Œ – thu

^äŒ { |∞∞ ´ ^ä$Œ – thru

.
–
^äŒ { |∞∂ ´ ^ä$Œ Ï – thru
.

^äŒ { Z ´ ^ä≥ – the

–
^äŒ { U ´ ^äËÕ – the

^äŒ { S ´ ^ä·≥ – thai

^äŒ { X ´ ^ä˘ – tho

–
^äŒ { F ´ ^äÀ – tho

^äŒ { B ´ ^äÒ – thau

^äŒ { JO ´ ^äOŒ – tham

.

^äŒ { Jó ´ ^äŒó – thah.

56
 For practice: tha Gunintamu
. ( ^äŒ #∞O_ç ^äŒó)
^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
^äŒ
57
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^Œ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

^£ { J ´ ^Œ – da
–
^Œ { P ´ ^• – da

^Œ { W ´ k – di
–
^Œ { D ´ n – di

^Œ { L ´ ^Œ∞ – du
–
^Œ { T ´ ^Œ∂ – du

^Œ { |∞∞ ´ ^Œ$ – dru

.
–
^Œ { |∞∂ ´ ^Œ$Ï – dru
.

^Œ { Z ´ ^≥ – de
–
^Œ { U ´ ^Õ – de

^Œ { S ´ ^≥· – dai

^Œ { X ´ ^˘ – do
–
^Œ { F ´ ^À – do

^Œ { B ´ ^Ò – dau

^Œ { JO ´ ^ŒO – dam
.

^Œ { Jó ´ ^Œó – dah.
58
 For practice: da Gunintamu
. (^Œ #∞O_ç ^Œó)
^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^ˇ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO ^Œó
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
^Œ
59
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '^茗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

^è£ { J ´ ^èŒ – dha

–
^èŒ { P ´ ^è• – dha

^èŒ { W ´ kè – dhi
–
^èŒ { D ´ nè – dhi

^èŒ { L ´ ^è∞Œ – dhu

–
^èŒ { T ´ ^è∂Œ – dhu

^èŒ { |∞∞ ´ ^è$Œ – dhru

.
–
^èŒ { |∞∂ ´ ^è$Œ Ï – dhru
.

^èŒ { Z ´ ^è≥ – dhe

–
^èŒ { U ´ ^èÕ – dhe

^èŒ { S ´ ^è·≥ – dhai

^èŒ { X ´ ^è˘ – dho

–
^èŒ { F ´ ^èÀ – dho

^èŒ { B ´ ^èÒ – dhau

^èŒ { JO ´ ^èOŒ – dham

.

^èŒ { Jó ´ ^èŒó – dhah.

60
 For practice: dha Gunintamu
. (^èŒ #∞O_ç ^èŒó)
^èŒ ^è• kè nè ^èŒ∞ ^èŒ∂ ^èŒ$ ^èŒ$Ï ^è≥ ^èÕ ^è≥· ^è˘ ^èÀ ^èÒ ^èŒO ^èŒó
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
^èŒ
61
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

<£ { J ´ # – na
–
# { P ´ <å – na

# { W ´ x – ni
–
# { D ´ h – ni

# { L ´ #∞ – nu
–
# { T ´ #∂ – nu

# { |∞∞ ´ #$ – nru
.
–
# { |∞∂ ´ #$Ï – nru
.

# { Z ´ <≥ – ne
–
# { U ´ <ÕÕ – ne

# { S ´ <≥· – nai

# { X ´ <˘ – no
–
# { F ´ <À – no

# { B ´ <Ò – nau

# { JO ´ #O – nam
.

# { Jó ´ #ó – nah.
62
 For practice: na Gunintamu
. ( # #∞O_ç #ó)
# <å x h #∞ #∂ #$ #$Ï <≥ <Õ <≥· <˘ <À <Ò #O #ó
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
63
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѩ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (pa-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Ñπ { J ´ Ѩ – pa
–
Ѩ { P ´ áê – pa

Ѩ { W ´ Ñ≤ – pi
–
Ѩ { D ´ Ñ‘ – pi

Ѩ { L ´ Ѩ٠– pu
–
Ѩ { T ´ Ñ¨Ó – pu

Ѩ { |∞∞ ´ Ѩ$ – pru

.
–
Ѩ { |∞∂ ´ Ѩ$Ï – pru
.

Ѩ { Z ´ ÃÑ – pe
–
Ѩ { U ´ ¿Ñ – pe

Ѩ { S ´ ÃÑ· – pai

Ѩ { X ´ á⁄ – po
–
Ѩ { F ´ áÈ – po

Ѩ { B ´ ᜠ– pau

Ѩ { JO ´ ѨO – pam
.

Ѩ { Jó ´ Ñ¨ó – pah.
64
 For practice: pa Gunintamu
. ( Ѩ #∞O_ç Ѩó )
Ѩ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨$ Ѩ$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ Ñ¨O Ѩó
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
Ѩ
65
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ¨— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (pha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Ѷπ { J ´ Ѷ¨ – pha

–
Ѷ¨ { P ´ á¶ê – pha

Ѷ¨ { W ´ Ѷ≤ – phi

–
Ѷ¨ { D ´ Ѷ‘ – phi

Ѷ¨ { L ´ Ѷ٨ – phu

–
Ѷ¨ { T ´ ѶӨ – phu

Ѷ¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ѷ$¨ – phru

.
–
Ѷ¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ѷ$¨ Ï – phru
.

Ѷ¨ { Z ´ ÃѶ – phe

–
Ѷ¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶ – phe

Ѷ¨ { S ´ ÃѶ· – phai

Ѷ¨ { X ´ á¶⁄ – pho

–
Ѷ¨ { F ´ á¶È – pho

Ѷ¨ { B ´ ᶜ – phau

Ѷ¨ { JO ´ ѶO¨ – pham

.

Ѷ¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶ó¨ – phah.

66
 For practice: pha Gunintamu
.
(Ѷ¨ #∞O_ç Ѷó¨ )
Ѷ¨ á¶ê Ѷ≤ Ѷ‘ Ѷ¨Ù Ѷ¨Ó Ѷ¨$ Ѷ¨$Ï ÃѶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃѶ· á¶⁄ á¶È ᶜ Ѷ¨O Ѷ¨ó
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
Ѷ¨
67
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '|— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ba-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Éò { J ´ | – ba
–
| { P ´ ÉÏ – ba

| { W ´ a – bi
–
| { D ´ c – bi

| { L ´ |∞ – bu
–
| { T ´ |∂ – bu

| { |∞∞ ´ |$ – bru
.
–
| { |∞∂ ´ |$Ï – bru
.

| { Z ´ ɡ – be
–
| { U ´ ÉË – be

| { S ´ ɡ· – bai

| { X ´ ÉÁ – bo
–
| { F ´ É’ – bo

| { B ´ É∫ – bau

| { JO ´ |O – bam
.

| { Jó ´ |ó – bah.
68
 For practice: ba Gunintamu
. (| #∞O_ç |ó)
| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï Éˇ ÉËË Éˇ· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Éèí— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (bha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Éèò { J ´ Éèí – bha

–
Éèí { P ´ ÉèÏ – bha

Éèí { W ´ aè – bhi
–
Éèí { D ´ cè – bhi

Éèí { L ´ Éè∞í – bhu

–
Éèí { T ´ Éè∂í – bhu

Éèí { |∞∞ ´ Éè$í – bhru

.
–
Éèí { |∞∂ ´ Éè$í Ï – bhru
.

Éèí { Z ´ Éèˇ – bhe

–
Éèí { U ´ ÉèË – bhe

Éèí { S ´ Éè·ˇ – bhai

Éèí { X ´ ÉèÁ – bho

–
Éèí { F ´ Éè’ – bho

Éèí { B ´ Éè∫ – bhau

Éèí { JO ´ ÉèOí – bham

.

Éèí { Jó ´ Éèóí – bhah.

70
 For practice: bha Gunintamu
. (Éèí #∞O_ç Éèíó)
Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éèˇ ÉèË Éèˇ· ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèíO Éèíó
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
Éèí
71
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=∞— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ma-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

"£∞ { J ´ =∞ – ma
–
=∞ { P ´ =∂ – ma

=∞ { W ´ q∞ – mi
–
=∞ { D ´ g∞ – mi

=∞ { L ´ =Ú – mu
–
=∞ { T ´ =¸ – mu

=∞ { |∞∞ ´ =∞$ – mru

.
–
=∞ { |∞∂ ´ =∞$Ï – mru
.

=∞ { Z ´ "≥∞ – me
–
=∞ { U ´ "Õ∞ – me

=∞ { S ´ "≥∞ÿ – mai

=∞ { X ´ "≥Ú – mo
–
=∞ { F ´ "≥∂ – mo

=∞ { B ´ =∞ø – mau

=∞ { JO ´ =∞O – mam
.

=∞ { Jó ´ =∞ó – mah.
72
 For practice: ma Gunintamu
. (=∞ #∞O_ç =∞ó)
=∞ =∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú "≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
=∞
73
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ya-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Üü∞ { J ´ Ü«∞ – ya
–
Ü«∞ { P ´ Ü«∂ – ya

Ü«∞ { W ´ ~Ú – yi
–
Ü«∞ { D ´ ~¸ – yi

Ü«∞ { L ´ Ü«Ú – yu
–
Ü«∞ { T ´ Ü«¸– yu

Ü«∞ { |∞∞ ´ Ü«∞$ – yru

.
–
Ü«∞ { |∞∂ ´ Ü«∞$Ï– yru
.

Ü«∞ { Z ´ Ü≥∞ – ye
–
Ü«∞ { U ´ ÜÕ∞ – ye

Ü«∞ { S ´ Ü≥∞ÿ – yai

Ü«∞ { X ´ Ü≥Ú – yo
–
Ü«∞ { F ´ Ü≥∂ – yo

Ü«∞ { B ´ Ü«∞ø – yau

Ü«∞ { JO ´ Ü«∞O– yam

.

Ü«∞ { Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – yah.

74
 For practice: ya Gunintamu
. (Ü«∞ #∞O_ç Ü«∞ó)
Ü«∞ Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«ÚÜ«¸Ü«∞$Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥∞ÿ Ü≥Ú Ü≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞OÜ«∞ó
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
Ü«∞
75
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

~ü { J ´ ~° – ra
–
~° { P ´ ~å – ra

~° { W ´ i – ri
–
~° { D ´ s – ri

~° { L ´ ~°∞ – ru
–
~° { T ´ ~°∂ – ru

~° { |∞∞ ´ ~°$ – rru

.
–
~° { |∞∂ ´ ~°$Ï – rru
.

~° { Z ´ ~Ô – re
–
~° { U ´ ~ˆ – re

~° { S ´ ~Ô · – rai

~° { X ´ ~˘ – ro
–
~° { F ´ ~À – ro

~° { B ´ ~“ – rau

~° { JO ´ ~°O – ram
.

~° { Jó ´ ~°ó – rah.
76
 For practice: ra Gunintamu
. (~° #∞O_ç ~°ó)
~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï Ô~ ˆ~ Ô~· ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
~°
77
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Å— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu)
.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

Öò { J ´ Å – la
–
Å { P ´ ÖÏ – la

Å { W ´ e – li
–
Å { D ´ b – li

Å { L ´ Å∞ – lu
–
Å { T ´ Å∂ – lu

Å { |∞∞ ´ Å$ – lru
.
–
Å { |∞∂ ´ Å$Ï – lru
.

Å { Z ´ Öˇ – le
–
Å { U ´ ÖË – le

Å { S ´ Öˇ· – lai

Å { X ´ ÖÁ – lo
–
Å { F ´ Ö’ – lo

Å { B ´ Ö∫ – lau

Å { JO ´ ÅO – lam
.

Å { Jó ´ Åó – lah
.
78
 For practice: la Gunintamu
. (Å #∞O_ç Åó)
Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
Å
79
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'à◊— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (la-Gunintamu)
. .
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

àò { J ´ à◊ – .la
–
à◊ { P ´ àÏ – .la

à◊ { W ´ o – .li
–
à◊ { D ´ m – .li

à◊ { L ´ à◊√ – .lu
–
à◊ { T ´ à◊¥ – .lu

à◊ { |∞∞ ´ à◊$ – .lru

.
–
à◊ { |∞∂ ´ à◊$Ï – .lru
.

à◊ { Z ´ à‹ – .le
–
à◊ { U ´ àı – .le

à◊ { S ´ à‹· – .lai

à◊ { X ´ àÁ – .lo
–
à◊ { F ´ à’ – .lo

à◊ { B ´ à∫ – .lau

à◊ { JO ´ à◊O – .lam
.

à◊ { Jó ´ à◊ó – .lah.
80
 For practice: .la Gunintamu
. (à◊ #∞O_ç à◊ó)
à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹ˇ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O à◊ó
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
à◊
81
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (va-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

"£ { J ´ = – va
–
= { P ´ "å – va

= { W ´ q – vi
–
= { D ´ g – vi

= { L ´ =Ù – vu
–
= { T ´ =Ó – vu

= { |∞∞ ´ =$ – vru
.
–
= { |∞∂ ´ =$Ï – vru
.

= { Z ´ "≥ – ve
–
= { U ´ "Õ – ve

= { S ´ "≥·‹ – vai

= { X ´ "˘ – vo
–
= { F ´ "À – vo

= { B ´ "Ò – vau

= { JO ´ =O – vam
.

= { Jó ´ =ó – vah.
82
 For practice: va Gunintamu
. (= #∞O_ç =ó)
= "å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ˇ "Õ "≥· "˘ "À "Ò =O =ó
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
83
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'â◊— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
´ .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

âò { J ´ â◊ – ´
sa

â◊ { P ´ âß – ´–
sa

â◊ { W ´ t – ´
si
–
â◊ { D ´ j – ´
si

â◊ { L ´ â◊√ – ´
su

â◊ { T ´ â◊¥ – ´–
su

â◊ { |∞∞ ´ â◊$ – ´.
sru

â◊ { |∞∂ ´ â◊$Ï – ´. –
sru

â◊ { Z ´ â‹ – ´
se

â◊ { U ´ âı – ´–
se

â◊ { S ´ â‹· – ´
sai

â◊ { X ´ âÁ – ´
so

â◊ { F ´ â’ – ´–
so

â◊ { B ´ â∫ – ´
sau

â◊ { JO ´ â◊O – ´
sam
.

â◊ { Jó ´ â◊ó – ´
sah
.
84
 ´ Gunintamu (â◊
For practice: sa #∞O_ç â◊ó)
.
â◊ âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï âˇ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
â◊
85
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '+¨— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
. .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

+π { J ´ +¨ – sa
.
–
+¨ { P ´ ëê – sa
.

+¨ { W ´ +≤ – si
.
–
+¨ { D ´ +‘ – si
.

+¨ { L ´ +¨µ – su
.
–
+¨ { T ´ +¨Ø – su
.

+¨ { |∞∞ ´ +¨$ – sru

..
–
+¨ { |∞∂ ´ +¨$Ï – sru
..

+¨ { Z ´ Ã+ – se
.
–
+¨ { U ´ ¿+ – se
.

+¨ { S ´ Ã+·· – sai
.

+¨ { X ´ ë⁄ – so
.
–
+¨ { F ´ ëÈ – so
.

+¨ { B ´ ëœ – sau
.

+¨ { JO ´ +¨O – sam
. .

+¨ { Jó ´ +¨ó – sah
. .
86
 For practice: sa
. Gunintamu
. (+¨ #∞O_ç +¨ó)
+¨ ëê +≤ +‘ +¨µ +¨Ø +¨$ +¨$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +¨O +¨ó
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
+¨
87
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '㨗 QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

ãπ { J ´ 㨠– sa
㨠{ P ´ ™ê – sa–
㨠{ W ´ ã≤ – si
–
㨠{ D ´ ã‘ – si

㨨 { L ´ ã¨∞ – su
㨨 { T ´ ã¨∂ – su–
㨨 { |∞∞ ´ ã¨$ – sru
.
–
㨠{ |∞∂ ´ ã¨$Ï – sru
.

㨠{ Z ´ Ãã – se
㨠{ U ´ ¿ã – se–
㨠{ S ´ Ãã· – sai
㨠{ X ´ ™⁄ – so
㨠{ F ´ ™È – so–
㨠{ B ´ ™œ – sau
㨠{ JO ´ ã¨O –sam.
㨠{ Jó ´ ã¨ó – sah.
88
 For practice: sa Gunintamu
. ( 㨠#∞O_ç ã¨ó)
㨠™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ã¨O ã¨ó
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
ã¨
89
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ǩϗ QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

ÇπÏ { J ´ Ç¨Ï – ha
–
Ç¨Ï { P ´ Ǩ – ha

Ç¨Ï { W ´ Ç≤Ï – hi
–
Ç¨Ï { D ´ Ç‘Ï – hi

Ç¨Ï { L ´ Ç¨ï – hu
–
Ç¨Ï { T ´ Ǩ˙ – hu

Ç¨Ï { |∞∞ ´ ǨÏ$ – hru

.
–
Ç¨Ï { |∞∂ ´ ǨÏ$Ï – hru
.

Ç¨Ï { Z ´ ÃÇÏ – he
–
Ç¨Ï { U ´ ¿ÇÏ – he

Ç¨Ï { S ´ ÃÇ·Ï – hai

Ç¨Ï { X ´ ǨÏ∏ – ho
–
Ç¨Ï { F ´ Ǩϟ – ho

Ç¨Ï { B ´ ǨÏ∫ – hau

Ç¨Ï { JO ´ ǨÏO – ham

.

Ç¨Ï { Jó ´ Ç¨Ïó – hah.

90
 For practice: ha Gunintamu
. (Ç¨Ï #∞O_ç ǨÏó)
Ç¨Ï Ç¨ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ǩ˙ ǨÏ$ ǨÏ$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏ Ǩϟ ǨÏ∫ ǨÏO ǨÏó
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
ǨÏ
91
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ∆— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

H∆± { J ´ Hõ∆ – ksha

–
Hõ∆ { P ´ H∆Í – ksha

Hõ∆ { W ´ H˜∆ – kshi

–
Hõ∆ { D ´ H©∆ – kshi

Hõ∆ { L ´ ‰õΩ∆ – kshu

–
Hõ∆ { T ´ ‰õ∆Ä – kshu

Hõ∆ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$∆ – kshru

.
–
Hõ∆ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ$∆ Ï – kshru
.

Hõ∆ { Z ´ ÔH∆ – kshe

–
Hõ∆ { U ´ ˆH∆ – kshe

Hõ∆ { S ´ ÔH∆ – kshai

Hõ∆ { X ´ H∆˘ – ksho

–
Hõ∆ { F ´ H∆À – ksho

Hõ∆ { B ´ H∆“ – kshau

Hõ∆ { JO ´ Hõ∆O – ksham

.

Hõ∆ { Jó ´ Hõ∆ó – kshah.

92
 For practice: ksha Gunintamu
.
( Hõ∆ #∞O_ç Hõ∆ó)
Hõ∆ H∆Í H˜∆ H©∆ ‰õ∆Ω ‰õ∆Ä Hõ∆$ Hõ∆$Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆ ÔH∆ H∆˘ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
Hõ∆
93
 QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'é— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)
. .
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

éü { J ´ é – .ra
–
é { P ´ éÏ – .ra

é { W ´ é˜ – .ri
–
é { D ´ é© – .ri

é { L ´ é∞ – ru
.
–
é { T ´ é∂ – .ru

é { |∞∞ ´ é$ – .rru
.
–
é { |∞∂ ´ é$Ï – .rru
.

é { Z ´ éˇ – .re
–
é { U ´ éË – .re

é { S ´ éˇÿ – .rai

é { X ´ é˘ – .ro
–
é { F ´ é’ – .ro

é { B ´ é∫ – .rau

é { JO ´ éO – ram
. .

é { Jó ´ éó – .rah.
94
 For practice: .ra Gunintamu
. (é #∞O_ç éó)
é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï éˇˇ éË éˇÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO éó
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
é
95
 Symbols of Vottulu
k kh g gh
Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞
¯ ö æ …
.
n c ch j
V K« Kè« [
V Û Ûù ˚
jh ~
n t. th
.
~°≠ & @ ~î°
~°≠ & ì ª
d. dh
. n. t
_» _è» } `«
¤ _è ‚ Î
th d dh n
^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ #
÷ Ì ú fl
p ph b bh
Ѩ Ѷ¨ | Éèí
Ê Êù ƒ ƒù
m y r l
=∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å
‡ º „ ¡
.l v s´ s.
à◊ = â◊ +¨
§ fi ≈ ¬
s h ksha ra
.
ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é
û › ∆ ]
96
 VOTTULU for "k" consonant
'Hõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Hõ¯ – kka Hõú – kdha

Hõö – kkha Hõfl – kna

Hõæ – kga HõÊ – kpa

Hõ… – kgha HõÊù – kpha
HõÛ – kca Hõƒ– kba

HõÛù – kcha Hõƒù– kbha

Hõ̊ – kja Hõ‡ – kma

Hõ –
~°≠
kjha Hõº – kya
Hõì – kta
. „Hõ – kra

Hõª– ktha
. Hõ¡ – kla

Hõ¤ – kda
. Hõ§– kla
.

Hõ – kdha
. Hõfi – kva
Hõ‚ – kna
. Hõ≈ – ´
ksa

HõÎ – kta Hõ¬ – ksa

.

Hõ÷ – ktha Hõû – ksa

HõÌ – kda Hõ› – kha
97
 VOTTULU for "kha" consonant
'Y— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Y¯ – khka Yú – khdha

Yö – khkha Yfl – khna
Yæ – khga YÊ – khpa
Y… – khgha YÊù – khpha
YÛ – khca Yƒ – khba
YÛù – khcha Yƒù – khbha
Y˚ – khja Y‡ – khma
Y~°≠ – khjha Yº – khya
Yì – khta
. „Y – khra
Yª – khtha
. Y¡ – khla

Y¤ – khda
. Y§– khla
.

Y– khdha
.
Yfi – khva
Y‚ – khna
. Y≈ – khsa´
YÎ – khta Y¬ – khsa
.

Y÷ – khtha Yû – khsa
YÌ – khda Y› – khha
98
 VOTTULU for "ga" consonant
'QÆõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
QƯ – gka QÆú – gdha

QÆö – gkha QÆfl – gna

QÆæ – gga QÆÊ – gpa
QÆ… – ggha QÆÊù – gpha
QÆÛ – gca Qƃ – gba
QÆÛù – gcha Qƃù – gbha
QÆ̊ – gja QƇ – gma
QÆ –
~°≠
gjha Qƺ – gya
QÆì – gta
.
„QÆ – gra

Qƪ – gtha
.
QÆ¡ – gla

QƤ – gda
. QƧ – gla
.

QÆ – gdha
. QÆfi – gva
QÆ‚ – gna
.
QÆ≈ – ´
gsa

QÆÎ – gta QƬ – gsa

.

QÆ÷ – gtha QÆû – gsa

QÆÌ – gda QÆ› – gha

99
 VOTTULU for "gha" consonant
'Ѷ∞¨ — ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ѷ∞¨ ¯ –ghka Ѷ¨∞ú – ghdha
Ѷ¨∞ö – ghkha Ѷ¨∞fl – ghna
Ѷ¨∞æ – ghga Ѷ¨∞Ê –ghpa
Ѷ¨∞… – ghgha Ѷ¨∞Êù –ghpha
Ѷ¨∞Û –ghca Ѷ¨∞ƒ – ghba
Ѷ¨∞Ûù –ghcha Ѷ¨∞ƒù –ghbha
Ѷ¨∞˚ – ghja Ѷ¨∞‡ –ghma
Ѷ~°≠∞¨ – ghjha Ѷ∞¨ º –ghya
Ѷ¨∞ì – ghta. „Ѷ¨∞ – ghra
Ѷ¨∞ª – ghtha
.
Ѷ¨∞¡ – ghla

Ѷ¨∞¤ – ghda
.
Ѷ¨∞§– ghla.
Ѷ∞¨ – ghdha
.
Ѷ¨∞fi –ghva
Ѷ¨∞‚ – ghna
.
Ѷ¨∞≈ – ghsa´
Ѷ¨∞Î – ghta Ѷ¨∞¬ – ghsa
.

Ѷ¨∞÷ – ghtha Ѷ¨∞û – ghsa

Ѷ¨∞Ì – ghda Ѷ¨∞› – ghha
100
 VOTTULU for "ca" consonant
'Kõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
K«¯ –cka K«ú – cdha

K«ö – ckha K«fl – cna

K«æ – cga K«Ê – cpa
K«… – cgha K«Êù – cpha
K«Û – cca K«ƒ – cba
K«Ûù – ccha K«ƒù – cbha
K«˚ – cja K«‡ – cma
K«~°≠ – chja K«º – cya
K«ì – cta
. „K« – cra
Kǻ Рctha
. K«¡ – cla

K«¤ – cda
. KǤРcla
.

K« – cdha
. K«fi – cva
K«‚ – chna
. K«≈ – csa´
K«Î – cta K«¬ – csa
.

K«÷ – ctha K«û – csa

K«Ì – cda K«› – cha
101
 VOTTULU for "cha" consonant
'Kè«— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
K诫 – chka Kè«ú – chdha

Kè«ö – chkha Kè«fl – chna

Kè«æ – chga Kè«Ê – chpa
Kè«… – chgha Kè«Êù – chpha
Kè«Û – chca K諃 – chba
Kè«Ûù – chcha K諃ù – chbha
Kè«˚ – chja K談 – chma
Kè~°≠ « – chjha K身 – chya
Kè«ì – chta
. „Kè« – chra
K諪 – chtha
. Kè«¡ – chla

K諤 – chda
. K諧– chla
.

Kè« – chdha
. Kèfi« – chva
Kè«‚ – chna
. Kè«≈ – chsa´
Kè«Î – chta K諬 – chsa
.

Kè«÷ – chtha Kè«û – chsa

Kè«Ì – chda Kè«› – chha
102
 VOTTULU for "ja" consonant
'[— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
[¯ – jka [ú – jdha

[ö – jkha [fl – jna
[æ – jga [Ê – jpa
[… – jgha [Êù – jpha
[Û – jca [ƒ – jba
[Ûù – jcha [ƒù – jbha
[˚ – jja [‡ – jma
[~°≠ – jjha [º – jya
[ì – jta
. „[ – jra
[ª – jtha
. [¡ – jla

[¤ – jda
. [§ – jla.
[– jdha
. [fi – jva
[‚ – jna
. [≈ – jsa´
[Î – jta [¬ – jsa
.

[÷ – jtha [û – jsa
[Ì – jda [› – jha
103
 VOTTULU for "jha" consonant
'~°≠— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
~°≠¯ –jhka ~°≠ú –jhdha
~°≠ö –jhkha ~°≠fl –jhna
~°≠æ –jhga ~°≠Ê –jhpa
~°≠… –jhgha ~°≠Êù –jhpha
~°≠Û –jhca ~°≠ƒ –jhba
~°≠Ûù –jhcha ~°≠ƒù –jhbha
~°≠˚ –jhja ~°≠‡ –jhma
~°~°≠≠ –jhjha ~°≠º –jhya
~°≠ì –jhta. „~°≠ – jhra
~°≠ª –jhtha
. ~°≠¡ – jhla
~°≠¤ –jhda
. ~°≠§– jhla.
~°≠ –jhdha
. ~°≠fi –jhva
~°≠‚ –jhna
. ~°≠≈ –jhsa´
~°≠Î –jhta ~°≠¬ –jhsa
.

~°≠÷ –jhtha ~°≠û –jhsa

~°≠Ì –jhda ~°≠› –jhha
104
 VOTTULU for "ta"
. consonant
'@— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
@¯ –.tka @ú – .tdha
@ö – tkha
. @fl – .tna
@æ – .tga @Ê –.tpa
@… – .tgha @Êù – tpha
.

@Û – tca
. @ƒ – tba
.

@Ûù – .tcha @ƒù – .tbha

@˚ – .tja @‡ – tma
.

@
~°≠
– tjha
. @º –.tya
@ì – .tta
. „@ – .tra
@ª – .ttha
. @¡ – .tla

@¤ – tda
.. @§– .tla
.

@– tdha
.. @fi – .tva
@‚ – tna
.. @≈ – tsa
.
´

@Î – .tta @¬ – .tsa.
@÷ – .ttha @û – tsa
.

@Ì – tda
. @› – .tha
105
 VOTTULU for "tha"
. consonant
'~î°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
~ – thka
. ~î°ú – .thdha

~î°ö – thkha
. ~îfl° – .thna

~î°æ – .thga ~î°Ê – .thpa

~î°… – thgha
. ~î°Êù – thpha
.

~î°Û – thca
. ~î°ƒ – thba
.

~î°Ûù – thcha
.
~î°ƒù – thbha
.

~î°̊ – thja
.
~î°‡ – thma
.

~°≠
~î° – thjha
. ~ – thya
.

~î°ì – thta
. . „~î° – .thra

~î°ª – ththa
. . ~î°¡ – thla
.

~î°¤ – thda
. . ~î°«§ – .thla.
~î° – thdha
. . ~îfi° – thva
.

~î°‚ – thna
. . ~î°≈ – ´
.thsa

~î°Î – thta
.
~î°¬ – .thsa
.

~î°÷ – ththa
. ~î°û – thsa
.

~î°Ì – thda
. ~î°› – .thha
106
 VOTTULU for "da"
. consonant
'_õ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
_»¯ – .dka _»ú – ddha
.

_»ö – dkha
.
_»fl – dna
.

_Ⱦ Рdga
.
_»Ê – dpa
.

_»… – dgha
.
_»Êù – .dpha
_»Û – dca
.
_»ƒ – dba
.

_»Ûù – dcha
.
_»ƒù – dbha
.

_»˚ – dja
.
_»‡ – dma
.

_»~°≠ – djha
.
_ȼ Рdya
.

_ȓ Рdta
..
„_» – dra
.

_Ȼ Рdtha
..
_»¡ – dla
.

_»¤ – dda
..
_Ȥ Рdla
..

_» – ddha
..
_»fi – dva
.

_»‚ – dna
..
_»≈ – dsa
.
´

_»Î – dta
.
_»¬ – dsa
..

_»÷ – dtha
.
_»û – dsa
.

_»Ì – dda
.
_»› – dha
.
107
 VOTTULU for "dha"
. consonant
'_è»— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
_軯 – dhka
. _è»ú – dhdha
.

_è»ö – dhkha
.
_è»fl – dhna
.

_è»æ – dhga
. _è»Ê – dhpa
.

_è»… – dhgha
. _è»Êù – dhpha
.

_è»Û – dhca
. _軃 – dhba
.

_è»Ûù – dhcha
. _軃ù – dhbha
.

_è»˚ – dhja
. _軇 – dhma
.

_è~°≠ » – dhjha
.
_軺 – dhya
.

_è»ì – dhta
. . „_è» – dhra
.

_軪 – dhtha
. . _軡 – .dhla

_軤 – dhda
. . _軧– dhla
. .

_è»è – dhdha
. . _è»fi – dhva
.

_軂 – dhna
. . _è»≈ – dhsa
.
´

_è»Î – dhta
. _軬 – dhsa
. .

_è»÷ – dhtha
. _è»û – dhsa
.

_è»Ì – dhda
. _è»› – dhha
.
108
 VOTTULU for "ta" consonant
'`«— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
`«¯ – tka `«ú – tdha

`«ö – tkha `«fl – tna

`«æ – tga `«Ê – tpa
`«… – tgha `«Êù – tpha
`«Û – tca `«ƒ – tba
`«Ûù – tcha `«ƒù – tbha
`«˚ – tja `«‡ – tma
`« – tjha
`Ǽ Рtya
~°≠

`«ì – tta
„`« – tra
.

`ǻ Рttha
`«¡ – tla
.

`«¤ – tda
`««§ – tla.
.

`« – tdha
`«fi – tva
.

`«‚ – tna
`«≈ – tsa´
.

`«Î – tta
`«¬ – tsa
.

`«÷ – ttha
`«û – tsa
`«Ì – tda
`«› – tha
109
 VOTTULU for "tha" consonant
'^䌗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
^䯌 – thka ^䌫ú – thdha

^äŒö – thkha ^䌫fl – thna

^äŒæ – thga ^äŒÊ – thpa
^䌅 – thgha ^䌫Êù – thpha
^äŒÛ – thca ^䌃 – thba
^äŒÛù – thcha ^䌃ù – thbha
^äŒ̊ – thja ^䇌 – thma
^ä~°≠ Œ – thjha ^二 – thya
^äŒì – thta
. „^äŒ – thra
^䌪 – ththa
. ^䌡 – thla

^䌤 – thda
. ^䌧 – thla.
^äŒ – thdha
. ^äŒfi – thva
^䌂 – thna
. ^äŒ≈ – thsa´
^äŒÎ – thta ^䌬 – thsa
.

^䌫÷ – ththa ^äŒû – thsa

^äŒ«Ì – thda ^䌛 – thha
110
 VOTTULU for "da" consonant
'^Œ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
^Œ¯ – dka ^Œú – ddha

^Œö – dkha ^Œfl – dna

^Œæ – dga ^ŒÊ – dpa
^Œ… – dgha ^ŒÊù – dpha
^ŒÛ – dca ^Œƒ – dba
^ŒÛù – dcha ^Œƒù – dbha
^Œ̊ – dja ^Œ‡ – dma
^Œ~°≠ – djha ^Œº – dya
^Γ Рdta
. „^Œ – dra
^λ Рdtha
. ^Œ¡ – dla

^Œ¤ – dda
. ^ΤРdla
.

^ΠРddha
. ^Œfi – dva
^Œ‚ – dna
. ^Œ≈ – dsa´
^ŒÎ – dta ^Œ¬ – dsa
.

^Œ÷ – dtha ^Œû – dsa

^ŒÌ – dda ^Œ› – dha
111
 VOTTULU for "dha" consonant
'^茗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
^诌 – dhka ^Œú – dhdha

^èŒö – dhkha ^èŒfl – dhna

^èŒæ – dhga ^èŒÊ – dhpa
^茅 – dhgha ^èŒÊù – dhpha
^èŒÛ – dhca ^范 – dhba
^èŒÛù – dhcha ^范ù – dhbha
^èŒ̊ – dhja ^茇 – dhma
^è~°≠ Œ – dhjha ^茺 –dhya
^èŒì – dhta
. „^èŒ – dhra
^茪 – dhtha
. ^茡 – dhla

^茤 – dhda
. ^茧– dhla
.

^èŒ – dhdha
. ^èŒfi – dhva
^茂 – dhna
. ^èŒ≈ – dhsa´
^èŒÎ – dhta ^茬 – dhsa
.

^èŒ÷ – dhtha ^èŒû – dhsa

^èŒÌ – dhda ^茛 – dhha
112
 VOTTULU for "na" consonant
'#— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
#¯ – nka #ú – ndha
#ö – nkha #fl – nna
#æ – nga #Ê – npa
#… – ngha #Êù – npha
#Û – nca #ƒ – nba
#Ûù – ncha #ƒù – nbha
#˚ – nja #‡ – nma
#~°≠ – njha #º – nya
#ì – nta
. „# – nra
#ª – ntha
. #¡ – nla
#¤ – nda
. #§– nla.
#– ndha
. #fi – nva
#‚ – nna
. #≈ – nsa´
#Î – nta #¬ – nsa
.

#÷ – ntha #û – nsa
#Ì – nda #› – nha
113
 VOTTULU for "pa" consonant
'Ѩ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ѩ¯ – pka Ñú̈ – pdha

Ñö̈ – pkha Ѩfl – pna

Ñæ̈ – pga Ñ¨Ê – ppa
Ѩ… – pgha ѨÊù – ppha
Ñ¨Û – pca Ѩƒ – pba
ѨÛù – pcha Ѩƒù – pbha
Ѩ˚ – pja Ѩ‡ – pma
Ѩ –
~°≠
pjha Ѩº – pya
Ñì̈ – pta
. ㄬ Рpra

Ѫ̈ – ptha
. Ѩ¡ – pla

Ѥ̈ – pda
. Ѩ§ – pla.
Ѩ – pdha
. Ѩfi – pva
Ѩ‚ – pna
. Ѩ≈ – psa´
ÑÎ̈ – pta Ѩ¬ – psa
.

Ѩ÷ – ptha Ѩû – psa

ÑÌ̈ – pda Ѩ› – pha
114
 VOTTULU for "pha" consonant
'Ѷ¨— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ѷ¯¨ – phka Ѷú̈ – phdha

Ѷö̈ – phkha Ѷ¨fl – phna

Ѷæ̈ – phga Ѷ¨Ê – phpa
Ѷ¨… – phgha Ѷ¨Êù – phpha
Ѷ¨Û – phca Ѷ¨ƒ – phba
Ѷ¨Ûù – phcha Ѷ¨ƒù – phbha
Ѷ¨˚ – phja Ѷ¨‡ – phma
Ѷ¨ –
~°≠
phjha Ѷ¨º – phya
Ѷì̈ – phta
. „Ѷ¨ – phra
Ѷª̈ – phtha
. Ѷ¨¡ – phla

Ѷ¨¤ – phda
. Ѷ¨§ – phla.
Ѷ¨ – phdha
. Ѷ¨fi – phva
Ѷ¨‚ – phna
. Ѷ¨≈ – phsa´
Ѷ¨Î – phta Ѷ¨¬ – phsa
.

Ѷ¨÷ – phtha Ѷ¨û – phsa

ѶÌ̈ – phda Ѷ¨› – phha
115
 VOTTULU for "ba" consonant
'|— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
|¯ – bka |ú – bdha

|ö – bkha |fl – bna
|æ – bga |Ê – bpa
|… – bgha |Êù – bpha
|Û – bca |ƒ – bba
|Ûù – bcha |ƒù – bbha
|˚ – bja |‡ – bma
|–
~°≠
bjha |º –bya
|ì – bta
. „| – bra
|ª – btha
. |¡ – bla

|¤ – bda
. |§ – bla.
|– bdha
. |fi – bva
|‚ – bna
. |≈ – bsa´
|Î – bta |¬ – bsa
.

|÷ – btha |û – bsa
|Ì – bda |› – bha
116
 VOTTULU for "bha" consonant
'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Éè¯í – bhka Éèíú – bhdha

Éèíö – bhkha Éèífl – bhna

Éèíæ – bhga ÉèíÊ – bhpa
Éèí… – bhgha ÉèíÊù – bhpha
ÉèíÛ – bhca Éèíƒ – bhba
ÉèíÛù – bhcha Éèíƒù – bhbha
Éèí̊ – bhja Éèí‡ – bhma
Éè~°≠ í – bhjha Éèºí –bhya
Éèíì – bhta
. „Éèí – bhra
Éèíª – bhtha
. Éèí¡ – bhla

Éèí¤ – bhda
. Éèí§ – bhla.
Éèí – bhdha
. Éèfií – bhva
Éèí‚ – bhna
. Éèí≈ – bhsa´
ÉèíÎ – bhta Éèí¬ – bhsa
.

Éèí÷ – bhtha Éèíû – bhsa

ÉèíÌ – bhda Éèí› – bhha
117
 VOTTULU for "ma" consonant
'=∞— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
=∞¯ – mka =∞ú – mdha
=∞ö – mkha =∞fl –mna
=∞æ – mga =∞Ê – mpa
=∞… –mgha =∞Êù – mpha
=∞Û – mca =∞ƒ – mba
=∞Ûù – mcha =∞ƒù – mbha
=∞˚ – mja =∞‡ – mma
=∞
~°≠
– mjha =∞º – mya
=∞ì – mta. „=∞ – mra
=∞ª – mtha
. =∞¡ – mla
=∞¤ – mda
. =∞§ – mla
.

=∞ – mdha
. =∞fi – mva
=∞‚ – mna
. =∞≈ –msa´
=∞Î – mta =∞¬ – msa
.

=∞÷ – mtha =∞û – msa

=∞Ì – mda =∞› – mha
118
 VOTTULU for "ya" consonant
'Ü«∞— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ü«∞¯ –yka Ü«∞ú –ydha
Ü«∞ö –ykha Ü«∞fl –yna
Ü«∞æ –yga Ü«∞Ê –ypa
Ü«∞… –ygha Ü«∞Êù –ypha
Ü«∞Û –yca Ü«∞ƒ –ypba
Ü«∞Ûù –ycha Ü«∞ƒù –ybha
Ü«∞˚ –yja Ü«∞‡ –yma
Ü«~°≠ ∞ –yjha Ü«∞º –yya
Ü«∞ì –yta. „Ü«∞ –yra
Ü«∞ª –ytha
. Ü«∞¡ –yla
Ü«∞¤ –yda
. Ü«∞§ –yla.
Ü«∞ –ydha
. Ü«∞fi –yva
Ü«∞‚ –yna
. Ü«∞≈ –ysa´
Ü«∞Î –yta Ü«∞¬ –ysa
.

Ü«∞÷ –ytha Ü«∞û –ysa

Ü«∞Ì –yda Ü«∞› –yha
119
 VOTTULU for "ra" consonant
'~°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
~°¯ – rka ~°ú – rdha

~°ö – rkha ~°fl – rna

~°æ – rga ~°Ê – rpa

~°… – rgha ~°Êù – rpha
~°Û – rca ~°ƒ – rba
~°Ûù – rcha ~°ƒù – rbha
~°̊ – rja ~°‡ – rma
~°~°≠ – rjha ~°º – rya
~°ì – rta
. „~° – rra

~°ª – rtha
. ~°¡ – rla

~°¤ – rda
. ~°§ – rla.
~° – rdha
. ~°fi – rva
~°‚ – rna
. ~°≈ – rsa´
~°Î – rta ~°¬ – rsa
.

~°÷ – rtha ~°û – rsa

~°Ì – rda ~°› – rha

120
 VOTTULU for "la" consonant
'Å— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
ů – lka Åú – ldha
Åö – lkha Åfl – lna
Åæ – lga ÅÊ – lpa
Å… – lgha ÅÊù – lpha
ÅÛ – lca Ń – lba
ÅÛù – lcha Ńù – lbha
Å˚ – lja Ň – lma
Å~°≠ – ljha ź – lya
Åì – lta
. „Å – lra
Ū – ltha
.
Å¡ – lla
Ť – lda
.
ŧ – lla.
Å– ldha
.
Åfi – lva
Å‚ – lna
.
Å≈ – lsa´
ÅÎ – lta Ŭ – lsa.
Å÷ – ltha Åû – lsa
ÅÌ – lda Å› – lha
121
 VOTTULU for "la"
. consonant
'à◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
à◊¯ – .lka à◊ú – .ldha

à◊ö – .lkha à◊fl – .lna

à◊æ – .lga à◊Ê – .lpa
à◊… – .lgha à◊Êù – .lpha
à◊Û – .lca à◊ƒ – .lba
à◊Ûù – .lcha à◊ƒù – .lbha
à◊˚ – .lja à◊‡ – .lma
à◊ –
~°≠ .ljha à◊º – .lya
à◊ì – .lta
. „à◊ – .lra
à◊ª – .ltha
. à◊¡ – .lla

à◊¤ – .lda
. à◊§– .lla
.

à◊ – .ldha
. à◊fi – .lva
à◊‚ – .lna
. à◊≈ – .lsa´
à◊Î – .lta à◊¬ – .lsa
.

à◊÷ – .ltha à◊û – .lsa

à◊Ì – .lda à◊› – .lha
122
 VOTTULU for "va" consonant
'=— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
=¯ – vka =ú – vdha

=ö – vkha =fl – vna
=æ – vga =Ê – vpa
=… – vgha =Êù – vpha
=Û – vca =ƒ – vba
=Ûù – vcha =ƒù – vbha
=˚ – vja =‡ – vma
=~°≠ – vjha =º – vya
=ì – vta
. „= – vra
=ª – vtha
. =¡ – vla

=¤ – vda
. =§– vla
.

=– vdha
. =fi – vva
=‚ – vna
. =≈ – vsa´
=Î – vta =¬ – vsa
.

=÷ – vtha =û – vsa
=Ì – vda =› – vha
123
 ´
VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'â◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
â◊¯ – ska
´ â◊ú – ´
sdha

â◊ö – ´
skha â◊fl – ´
sna

â◊æ – ´
sga â◊Ê – spa
´

â◊… – ´
sgha â◊Êù – spha
´

â◊Û – ´
sca â◊ƒ – ´
sba

â◊Ûù – scha
´ â◊ƒù – sbha
´

â◊˚ – ´
sja â◊‡ – sma
´

â◊ –
~°≠
´
sjha â◊º – sya
´

â◊ì – ´
sta
. „â◊ – ´
sra

â◊ª – ´
stha
. â◊¡ – ´
sla

â◊¤ – ´
sda
. â◊§– ´
sla
.

â◊ – ´
sdha
. â◊fi – sva
´

â◊‚ – ´
sna
. â◊≈ – ´´
ssa

â◊Î – ´
sta â◊¬ – ´
ssa
.

â◊÷ – ´
stha â◊û – ssa
´

â◊Ì – ´
sda â◊› – ´
sha

124
 VOTTULU for "sa"
. consonant
'+¨— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
+¨¯ – ska
.
+ú̈ – sdha
.

+ö̈ – skha
.
+¨fl – sna
.

+æ̈ – sga
.
+¨Ê – spa
.

+¨… – sgha
.
+¨Êù – spha
.

+¨Û – sca
.
+¨ƒ – sba
.

+¨Ûù – scha
.
+¨ƒù – sbha
.

+¨˚ – sja
.
+¨‡ – sma
.

+¨ – sjha
.
+¨º – sya
.
~°≠

+ì̈ – sta
..
„+¨ – sra
.

+ª̈ – stha
..
+¨¡ – sla
.

+¤̈ – sda
..
+¨§ – sla
..

+¨ – sdha
..
+¨fi – sva
.

+¨‚ – sna
..
+¨≈ – ssa
.
´

+Î̈ – sta
.
+¨¬ – ssa
..

+¨÷ – stha
.
+¨û – ssa
.

+Ì̈ – sda
.
+¨› – sha
.
125
 VOTTULU for "sa" consonant
'㨗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
㨯 – ska ãú̈ – sdha

ãö̈ – skha ã¨fl – sna

ãæ̈ – sga ã¨Ê – spa
㨅 – sgha ã¨Êù – spha
ã¨Û – sca 㨃 – sba
ã¨Ûù – scha 㨃ù – sbha
ã¨˚ – sja 㨇 – sma
ã¨~°≠ – sjha 㨺 – sya
ãì̈ – sta
. ㋬ Рsra

ãª̈ – stha
. 㨡 – sla

ã¤̈ – sda
. 㨧 – sla.
㨠– sdha
. ã¨fi – sva
㨂 – sna
. ã¨≈ – ssa´
ãÎ̈ – sta 㨬 – ssa
.

ã¨÷ – stha ã¨û – ssa

ãÌ̈ – sda 㨛 – sha
126
 VOTTULU for "ha" consonant
'Ǩϗ ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘`«∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice
Ǩϯ –hka ǨÏú – hdha
ǨÏö – hkha ǨÏfl –hna
ǨÏæ – hga ǨÏÊ –hpa
Ǩυ – hgha ǨÏÊù –hpha
ǨÏÛ –hca Ǩσ –hba
ǨÏÛù –hcha Ǩσù –hbha
ǨÏ˚ – hja Ǩχ –hma
Ǩ~°≠Ï – hjha ǨϺ –hya
ǨÏì – hta. „Ç¨Ï – hra
ǨϪ – htha
.
Ǩϡ – hla
ǨϤ – hda
.
Ǩϧ– hla.
Ç¨Ï – hdha
.
ǨÏfi –hva
Ǩς – hna
. ǨÏ≈ – hsa´
ǨÏÎ – hta ǨϬ – hsa.
ǨÏ÷ – htha ǨÏû – hsa
ǨÏÌ – hda Ǩϛ – hha
127
 QÆ = ∞xHõ
V,&,}, Hõ,∆ é – D JHõ~∆ åÅ "˘`«∞Å
Î ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù HÍ|\˜ì
g\˜H˜ ã¨O|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ~∆ åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË^∞Œ .
NOTE
The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,
. ~
n, n, n,
. ksha, r. are not given since they are not
in much usage.

128