LESSON 5: Finding Results through Data Collection

COMMON STATISTICAL TOOLS

1. THE ARITHMETIC MEAN
- The arithmetic mean is the simplest and most widely used measure of a mean, or average. It simply
involves taking the sum of a group of numbers, then dividing that sum by the count of the numbers
used in the series.
- For example, take 34, 44, 56 and 78. The sum is 212. The arithmetic mean is 212 divided by four, or
53.
Example: (In answering questions on research that will determine their response to a certain question)
Total of 100 Respondents
SCORES (x) Frequency (f) Frequency of Scores (fx)
5 19 95
4 36 140
3 31 93
2 13 26
1 2 2
∑f = 100 ∑fx = 356
∑𝑓𝑥 356
x̄ = = = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟔
∑𝑓 100
MEAN FORMULAS:
∑𝑓𝑥
x = scores ∑f = Summation of frequencies x̄ =
∑𝑓
f = frequency ∑fx = Summation of Frequency of Scores
fx = frequency of scores x̄ = Mean

5 – Always 4 – Often 3 – Sometimes 2 – Seldom 1 – Never #Respondents: 100

QUESTION 5 4 3 2 1 MEAN Interpretation
I love eating fruits and
19 35 31 13 2 3.56 OFTEN
vegetables.

ACTIVITY
5 – Always 4 – Often 3 – Sometimes 2 – Seldom 1 – Never #Respondents: 130
QUESTION 5 4 3 2 1 MEAN Interpretation
I do my assignments regularly. 45 38 33 12 2 3.86 OFTEN
I spend my vacant time in
doing assignments or studying 25 35 39 19 12 3.32 SOMETIMES
my lessons.
I study the lessons I missed if I
15 30 25 40 20 2.85 SOMETIMES
was absent from the class.
I study harder to improve my
performance when I get low 21 35 47 21 6 3.34 SOMETIMES
grades.
I spend less time with my
friends during school days to
17 35 38 27 13 3.12 SOMETIMES
concentrate more on my
studies.
 2. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
- In statistics, a frequency distribution is a list, table or graph that displays the frequency of various
outcomes in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of
values within a particular group or interval.

Example:
Educational Attainment of People ages 25 - 40 living at Purok 1 of Barangay Luneta (# of Respondents is 150)
EDUCATIONAL
FREQUENCY PROPORTION PERCENTAGE (%)
ATTAINMENT
No Formal Education at All 0 0 0%
Elementary Level 30 0.20 20%
Secondary Level 90 0.60 60%
Vocational 10 0.07 7%
College Level 15 0.10 10%
Post-Graduate Level 5 0.03 3%
TOTAL 150 1 100%

FORMULA:
𝐶𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)(100%)

ACTIVITY
Grades of SHS Students in Practical Research 2 for 1st Quarter (# of Respondents is 358)
GRADE RANGE FREQUENCY PROPORTION PERCENTAGE (%)
96 – 100 5 0.014 1%
91 – 95 40 0.112 11%
86 – 90 113 0.316 32%
81 – 85 145 0.405 41%
75 – 80 51 0.142 14%
74 and below (Failed) 4 0.011 1%
TOTAL 358 1 100%