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    17 views6 pages

    Apdl 5 PDF

    Uploaded by

    gowtham raju butti

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6
    Chapter 2: Nonlinear Analysis of a 2-D Hyperelas' Rezoning ic Seal Using This example problem is a nonlinear analysis of a 2-D hyperelastic seal assembly using rezoning via the element-splitting method. The problem shows how multiple vertical rezoning steps can be used to ensure convergence and completion of an analysis Topics related to this example problem follow: 2.1.Introduetion 2.2.Problem Description 23.Modeling 2.4. Material Properties 2..Boundary Conditions and Loading 2.6. Analysis and Solution Controls 2.7. Results and Discussion 2.8. Recommendations 29.References 2.10. Input Files 2.1. Introduction Seals create a mating region between two connecting parts so that the complete assembly can transfer forces and motion without separation. For typical seals, the seal material must: + Conform to all irregularities of the mating surface and prevent any fluid passage or leakage + Adapt to the clearance gap changes in the gland in response to loads + Resist extrusion (caused by shear forces) due to pressure differential between the pressured and nonpressured sides of the seal The most common sealing applications are rotating-shaft sealing, elastomeric compressive sealing, and flange sealing, Sealing applications can be classified into two types: static and dynamic sealing. This. problem focuses on a static elastomeric sealing application modeled as a 2-D nonlinear finite-element problem. Static elastomeric seals are characterized by a fixed mating surface, a moving mating surface, and the bead (seal material). The bead is typically compressed between the mating surfaces, providing a fluid- tight interface between them, as shown: FETE SS TET OG TCO GST OT TOTES TTT ‘of ANS, Inc andi abuses and alte " Nonlinear Analysis of a 2-D Hyperelastic Seal Using Rezoning Figure 2.1: Schematic of a Static Elastomeric Seal Assembly [1] Moves downward duet applied deformation Mowing mating pa Applied fd pressure oad statemating Part sealbead! 2.2. Problem Description The following static elastomeric seal assembly is considered for analysis: Figure 2.2: Schematic of Finite-Element Static Elastomeric Seal Assembly with Dimensions Seal molded inthe groove cof static rigid mating part Notch VT L owe Moving rigid mating part Chemically Bonded 2.2.1. Understanding Requirements and Physical Behaviors The following requirements and physical behaviors are considered in the finite-element model and solution procedure for this problem (1) TIE TED- OSA ETRE Ts ODI ana ATTA TOTES 2 "OfANSYS ne adits sabres and afte Problem Description + The coefficient of friction (between the bead and the mating surface) is not critical for static seals. The coefficient is therefore not modeled here. + A fluid pressure of 4000 psi is applied. The pressure improves seal integrity, but can also create extrusions of the bead. The extrusions are due to shear stresses (caused by differential axial pressure created by the fluid, as an extrusion gap is provided) + As fluid pressure increases, sealing capacity improves but bead extrusion can occur. The fluid pressure on the seal surfaces tends to compress the seal axially, forcing the deformed bead further into the gland thus improving contact. As the fluid pressure increases, the seal's internal shear stresses also increase slowly, driving the seal material into the extrusion gap. The degree and severity of the extrusion depends on the operating pressures, operating temperatures, geometry of the clearance gap, and seal shape and material + Itis of critical importance for the model to predict any bead extrusion. This type of extrusion typically causes nibbling damage [2] to the seal, caused by large tensile stresses close to the free surface of the extruded material The following figure illustrates the progression of seal deformation, showing the seal gland being filled and the corresponding bead extrusion as fluid pressure is applied: Figure 2. : Progression of Seal Deformation Pressurization gap with ld pressure . + i tT __ eg L- \ 4 { Clearance gepinseal gland aT tobe filledby seal bead | Extrusion gep @) 7" 7. Material extrusion a kk y ) Filled up l a clearance gop 9 “ (°) 2.2.2. Using Rezoning to Repair Mesh Distortions The action of the seal assembly and functional loads on the seal can cause large deformations and strains, in turn causing severe mesh distortions and leading to convergence failure in the nonlinear analysis. In such situations, rezoning can repair the mesh, map results from the old (distorted) mesh to the new mesh, and allow the analysis to continue. Convergence failure caused by material or geometric instability cannot be remedied by rezoning, FETE SS TET OG TCO GST OT TOTES TTT ‘of ANS, Inc andi abuses and alte 3 Nonlinear Analysis of a 2-D Hyperelastic Seal Using Rezoning 2.2.2.1. Horizontal vs. Vertical Rezoning Rezoning can occur on the entire domain or on specific regions within the domain If one or more regions are selected for rezoning at the same time during the analysis, the process is alled horizontal rezoning, If one or more rezoning operations are performed at different times during the analysis, the process is called vertical rezoning, 2.2.2.2. Understanding the Rezoning Process Following are the general steps in the rezoning process: 1. Within a given load step, select the substep at which rezoning should be initiated. 2. Select the region(s) to be rezoned, 3. Remesh the selected region(s), replacing the old (distorted) mesh with a new mesh. After remeshing has occurred, boundary conditions and loading from the old mesh are mapped to the new mesh. 4, Map state variables from the old mesh to the new mesh. This step establishes equilibrium in the new mesh by balancing residual forces. 5. Continue the analysis with the new mesh via a restart. 2.2.2.3. Understanding the Remeshing Phase of the Rezoning Operation During the remeshing phase of a rezoning operation, a new mesh is created in the distorted geometry and replaces the old mesh. Remeshing can occur by reading in a generated mesh or a genetic third-party mesh (CDB file), or by using element-splitting refinement of selected regions of the distorted mesh In this example, remeshing via the element-splitting method is used because splitting increases the number of degrees of freedom in a given region without changing mesh topology. This remeshing method is especially useful for modeling material flow through confined cavities (the primary physical behavior of hyperelastic seals). With element splitting, the mesh topology does not change in the interior of the selected regions where elements are simply split evenly. In the transition region between the refined (new mesh) and the old mesh, however, layers of transition of elements are generated, changing the mesh topology in these regions. The transitions can be all quadrilateral or can be composed of degenerate quadrilaterals. Typically, an all-quadrilateral transition requires more than one element layer to create a compatible mesh between the split and unsplit regions. The degenerate elements can do the same in just one element layer; however, a degenerate element transition is more prone to locking than a quadrilateral element transition zone. FETE SS TET OG TCO GST OT TOTES TTT 4 ‘of ANS, Inc andi abuses and alte Modeling 2.3. Modeling This example is modeled as a plane strain problem. The moving and static mating parts are considered to be rigid. The seal bead is modeled as a hypere- lastic material The seal is chemically bonded (zero applied displacement) to the static rigid mating part, as shown in Figure 2.2: Schematic of Finite-Element Static Elastomeric Seal Assembly with Dimensions (p. 12) The pressurization gap is the location for the fluid insertion. The moving rigid mating part moves downward, reducing the 0.02-inch gap to a 0.002-inch gap, at which an extrusion may form. The notch indicates the region where self-contact in the seal bead is expected to occur. Three load steps are applied to secure the seal: 1. The top of the seal is compressed first by moving the rigid part downward by 0.018 inches, leaving a small

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