India's poverty alleviation programmes

1. Most of the poverty alleviation programmes are designed to target the rural populace
as the prevalence of poverty is high in rural areas as compared to the urban sector.
The programmes can be mainly grouped into 1) wage employment programmes 2)
self-employment programmes 3) food security programmes 4) social security
programmes 5) urban poverty alleviation programmes.

2. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY), National Old Age Pension Scheme
(NOAPS), National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS), National Maternity Benefit
Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana,
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) are some
of the poverty alleviation programmes implemented in the country.
3. Anganwadis are childcare centres started by the Indian government in 1975 as part
of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme to combat child
hunger and malnutrition. Anganwadi means ‘courtyard shelter’.

4. Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana, is a maternity support programme piloted

in 2011 by the central government in 52 districts of the country. It has the potential to
significantly improve maternal and child health (MCH) through income support to
pregnant women and lactating mothers in rural areas.

5. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) is one of the two components of
the Ayushman Bharat Yojana (National Health Protection Mission) launched in
2018. PMJAY aims to reduce the financial burden on poor and vulnerable groups
arising out of catastrophic hospitalisation episodes.