Energy has always played an important and inseparable role in human survival and

civilization. In the nebulous stage of the early life, men learned to use fire from

volcanoes, lightening, and other sources. With the ability to acquire, preserve, and

care for fire, men started staying in secured shelters and eating cooked food. Fast

forward, starting from the first century AD, steam engines were conceived, advanced,

and remained the dominant source of power well into the twentieth century. They

are the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution and enjoyed widespread

commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills, and mines. By now, different

energy sources have been put to our use: coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, etc. We relish in

our abilities to make things bigger, faster, more comfortable, and cheaper. Today,

with the fast economic growth in highly populated countries such as China and

India and our desire to live and work wherever we please (we give it a catchy name

“globalization”), suddenly our thirst for energy seems to generate some problems

that have not been envisioned.

While the majority of us agree that energy is becoming a top priority in our standard

of

living,

prosperity,

and

even

national

security,

opinions

still

differ
on

the

scope,

severity, and

urgency of the issue. Some

extreme

examples are as

follows. In

Out of

Gas (2004),

David Goodstein describes an impending

energy crisis brought

on by

The End of the

Age of Oil: the crisis will bite, not when the last drop of oil is

extracted,

but when oil

extraction cannot meet demand—perhaps as soon as 2015 or

2025 [1]. “The

survival of the United States of

America as we

know it is at

risk,”

Former

Vice President

Al Gore said in July 2008. In

The

Skeptical

Environmentalist

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