Introduction

As new millennium approaches, humans became dependent to the new discoveries and inventions
in science with par to technology, which resulted to an easier and faster way of living; even
unprecedented events yet to occur were proven true by the plausible theories, and experiments of experts.

According to The University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, and the Regents
of the University of California (2019), the word "science" probably brings to mind many different
pictures: a fat textbook, white lab coats and microscopes, an astronomer peering through a telescope, a
naturalist in the rainforest, Einstein's equations scribbled on a chalkboard, the launch of the space shuttle,
bubbling beakers. All of those images reflect some aspect of science, but none of them provides a full
picture because science has so many facets: Science is both a body of knowledge and a process, Science
is ongoing and Science is a global human endeavor.

Science is both a body of knowledge and a process, why? Simply because science has been
thought way back in elementary. Some of the teachers said that science is like a circular stairs that goes
upwards; every step is a process that needs to be learned. It is a body of knowledge due to its content that
has to be considered in making a decision in everyday life.

Science is ongoing. It is true that science is continuous and ongoing, because every discoveries
and theories that have been cultivated every day is part of science. It is an infinite knowledge that
produces new question for each findings and thus leads to investigation that will produce lore or wisdom.

Science is a global human endeavor. It has been participated around the globe because each
country wants to prove something out of nothing, they want to partake for them to showcase on what they
have.

There are numerous list of branch of science a concrete example of this is biology, chemistry,
Earth Science, astronomy, physics and etc. But this study focuses only in the branch that concerned with
the nature and properties of matter and energy — Physics.

Every day, hundreds and thousands of actions were executed by the body, and the energy that is
needed to perform this exploit is some of the topics that are elucidated by physics. The study of physics
focuses mainly on laws and properties of matter, gravity, energy, mechanics, motion, waves, electricity,
nuclear reactions, forces and acceleration.

Physics has been divided into two sequences: General Physics 1 and General Physics 2. But the
researchers will only deals with general physics 1, so what is the meaning of the above words? According
to Grosskopf (2017), General Physics is the first of a two semester sequence in General Physics designed
to present concepts and applications of the following topics: kinematics, dynamics, gravitation, energy,
momentum and heat.

However the researchers are only task to study acceleration — which is a topic included within
the pages of a Physics book.
 As what Jim Heald (2019), acceleration is a vector quantity; it is also the rate at which an object
changes its velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity, which means it has both a magnitude, called speed, and
a direction. Acceleration has no negative distance.

On the other hand another definition of acceleration has been created by Science Daily (2019), It
is thus a vector quantity with dimension length/time². In SI units, acceleration is measured in
meters/second² using an accelerometer.

To accelerate an object is to change its velocity, which is accomplished by altering either its
speed or direction (like in case of uniform circular motion) in relation to time. In this strict mathematical
sense, acceleration can have positive and negative vals (deceleration).

Any time that the sign (+ or -) of the acceleration is the same as the sign of the velocity, the
object will speed up. If the signs are opposite, the object will slow down. Acceleration is a vector defined
by properties of magnitude (size or measurability) and direction. When either velocity or direction are
changed, there is acceleration (or deceleration)

In this Internet Revolution society there are numerous page where in you can get an instant
answer in an equation or question that are hard to explain by own words. With this, people tend to rely on
those answers and will never solve the equation by themselves.

𝑉𝑓 −𝑉𝑖 ∆𝑣
The formula for acceleration is 𝑎= = .
𝑡 𝑡

((𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)−(𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)) 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

Acceleration = =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

a = acceleration (m/s 2 )

vf = the final velocity (m/s)

vi = the initial velocity (m/s)

t = the time in which the change occurs (s)

Δv = short form for "the change in" velocity (m/s)

There are two variables that can be found in Acceleration, these are velocity and time. Velocity
has two phases the initial and final velocity they are also known as 𝑉1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2.

Agreeing to Devor (2018), Initial velocity is the velocity at the selected starting point. This is
generally stated as the velocity at time (t = 0). Common notations used to denote initial velocity are:
v(t=0), v(0), and 𝑉𝑜 . You might also see 𝑉𝑖 or 𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡 .

Example: Johny completes the bicycle ride with the final velocity of 10 ms-1 and acceleration 2
ms-2 within 3s. Calculate the initial velocity.
 Formula for Initial Velocity: 𝑉2 − 𝑎𝑡

Solution and Answer: 10 𝑚𝑠 −1 – (2 𝑚𝑠 −2)3s = 4 𝑚𝑠 −1

On the other hand Final velocity has its own definition and formula too. Conferring to Samouel
(2018), the final velocity is the last velocity of a given object after a period of time.

Example: A car is driving down a road at constant velocity at 15 kilometers per hour. It then
accelerates at a rate of 1km/h. What is its final velocity?

Formula for Final Velocity: 𝑉1 + 𝑎𝑡

Solution and Answer: 15km/h + (1km/h)(0.003h) = 348km/h2

The other variable indicated in acceleration is time. In physics, the definition of time is simple—
time is change, or the interval over which change occurs. It is impossible to know that time has passed
unless something changes. The amount of time or change is calibrated by comparison with a standard.
The SI unit for time is the second, abbreviated s (Open Stax College, 2019).

In line with the topic there are another two formulas that can be derived from acceleration
(Santos, 2017, p.51).
𝑉2 + 𝑉1
∆d = ( )∆t and ∆d = 𝑉1 ∆𝑡 + 1
2
𝑎 (𝑎𝑡 2 )
2

The overall purpose of this study aims not only