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UNIVERZALNA ZBIRKA
POTPUNO RIJEŠENIH ZADATAKA
PRIRUČNIK ZA SAMOSTALNO UČENJE

ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI
KVADRAT ZBROJA

KVADRAT RAZLIKE

α
M-1-Kvadrat binoma Rješenja i kompletni postupak

34. Koristeći se formulama za: kvadrat zbroja i kvadrat razlike

( A + B) ( A − B)
2 2
= A2 + 2 AB + B 2 = A2 − 2 AB + B 2
izračunaj:
( x + y) ( y + x) ( x − y) ( y − x)
2 2 2 2
1) 2) 3) 4)

( x + 3) ( x − 5) (2 − x) (2 + x)
2 2 2 2
5) 6) 7) 8)

( x − 1) ( x − 4) ( a − 2) (3 − b)
2 2 2 2
9) 10) 11) 12)

( y − 5) ( x + 6) (7 − x) (8 + y )
2 2 2 2
13) 14) 15) 16)

(2 + z) ( z − 2) ( x + 5y) (5x − y )
2 2 2 2
17) 18) 19) 20)

(7x + y ) ( x − 3y) ( 3x + 2 ) ( 2 x + 5)
2 2 2 2
21) 22) 23) 24)

( 2a − 5b ) ( 2x + 3y ) (5x + 2 y ) ( 3x + 4 y )
2 2 2 2
25) 26) 27) 28)

( 3x − 4 y ) ( 5a + 7b ) ( 3m + n ) ( 2m − 5n )
2 2 2 2
29) 30) 31) 32)

( 0, 2 x + 3) (1, 2 x + 0,3) ( 0,5 x − 2 y ) ( 0, 2m + 0,3n )

2 2 2 2
33) 34) 35) 36)
2 2 2 2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛3 ⎞ ⎛3 2 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
37) ⎜ x + ⎟ 38) ⎜ x + 1⎟ 39) ⎜ x + y⎟ 40) ⎜ 0, 4 x − y ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝4 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
2 2 2 2
⎛5 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛1 2 ⎞ ⎛2 3 ⎞
41) ⎜ x + 0, 2 y ⎟ 42) ⎜ 4 x − y⎟ 43) ⎜ x + y 3 ⎟ 44) ⎜ x 3 − y 4 ⎟
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2 3 ⎠ ⎝3 4 ⎠
2 2 2 2
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛1 3 ⎞
45) ⎜1 x + y ⎟ 46) ⎜ 2 x − 1 y⎟ 47) ⎜ 3 x − 0,5 y ⎟ 48) ⎜ x z − y⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 4 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝4 2 ⎠
49) ( x + 1)
2 2
50) (x 2
−2 ) 2
51) (3 − x ) 4 2
52) ( 3a − b )
2 3 2

53) ( 2a − b )3 2 2
54) (a 3
− 5b 2 ) 2
55) ( 2x + 3 y )
3 3 2
56) ( 3x + 7 y )
4 5 2

57) ( 2 x y − 3z )
2 3 2 2
58) ( 2ab + 3c ) 2 59) (a b + c )
2 3 2
60) ( 2ab − 3c )2 4 2

61) (a b − c d )
2 3 2 4 2
62) (a b 2 3
− c2 ) 2
63) ( a b − 3c )
3 4 2
64) ( a b + 4c )
2 3 5 2

2
⎛1 2 ⎞
65) ( 2a 4b3 − 3a 2b7 ) 2
66) ( 4a 3b − 5a 2b3 ) 2
67) ( 9a 4b 3 − 2a 2b 4 ) 2
68) ⎜ a 2b − a 4b3 ⎟
⎝2 3 ⎠
(5x − 6 y ) ( x + 4y) ( − x − 3) (−x − 2 y)
−2 −2 2 2
69) 70) 71) 72)
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
( − 2a − 3b ) (−x − 4 y) ( − a + 7b )
2 2 2
73) 74) 75) ⎜ − x − 4 y 2 ⎟ 76)
⎝ 2 ⎠
77) ( − 3x + y )
2
78) ( − 5a b + 2 c )
2 3 4 2
79) ( − 2 x y + 3z )
2 3 4 2
80) ( −2 + 2 )
m n 2

81) (2 m
)
+ 3n 2
82) (3 − 5 )
m m 2
83) (2 + 2 )
m n 2
84) (2 + 2 )
m m −1 2

85) (3 m
−3 ) n 2
86) (2 + 2 )
m +1 m −1 2
87) (2 + 2 )
n 1− n 2
88) (2 − 2 )
n +1 n−2 2

89) (a n
+ a n +1 ) 2
90) (a − a )
n −1 n +1 2
91) ( 2a − 3b )
x x 2
92) ( 2a + 3b )
x y 2

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma Rješenja i kompletni postupak

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B )2 = A2 − 2 ⋅ A⋅ B + B 2

To pravilo možemo pisati i ovako: ( I + II ) = I + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II i ( I − II ) = I − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II
2 2 2 2 2 2

Sve o kvadratu binoma morali bi znati već iz 8. razreda ali ponovim o to još jednom.
Pogledajmo kako to radimo na dva primjera:

( x + 1) ( x − 1)
2 2
a) b)

( x + 1)
2
a) = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 = x 2 + 2 x + 1
objašnjenje:

( x + 1)
2
= x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 = x 2 + 2 x + 1
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
( A + B ) = A + 2 ⋅ A⋅ B + B2
2 2

( x + 1)
2
ili = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 = x 2 + 2 x + 1
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
( I + II )
2
= I 2 + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2

↓ ovo pravilo čitamo ovako:

Prvi plus drugi na kvadrat
jednako je prvi na kvadrat, plus dvostruki prvi puta drugi, plus drugi na kvadrat.

( x − 1)
2
b) = x 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 = x 2 − 2 x + 1
objašnjenje:

( x − 1)
2
= x 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 = x 2 − 2 x + 1
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
( A − B)
2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

( x − 1)
2
ili = x 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 = x 2 − 2 x + 1
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
( I − II ) = I − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2
2 2

( x + y) ( y + x)
2 2
1) = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 2) = y 2 + 2 ⋅ y ⋅ x + x 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

( x − y) ( y − x)
2 2
3) = x 2 − 2 xy + y 2 4) = y 2 − 2 ⋅ y ⋅ x + x 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2

( x + 3)
2
5) = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 3 + 32 =
= x2 + 6x + 9

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma Rješenja i kompletni postupak

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2
( I + II ) = I 2 + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2 i ( I − II ) = I 2 − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2
2 2
To pravilo možemo pisati i ovako:

( x − 5)
2
6) = x 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 5 + 52 =
= x 2 − 10 x + 25

(2 − x)
2
7) = 22 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x + x 2 =
= 4 − 4x + x2 → to možemo p isati i dalje: = x 2 − 4 x + 4

(2 + x)
2
8) = 22 + 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x + x 2 =
= 4 + 4 x + x2 = x2 + 4x + 4 dobro je kako god napišete ...

( x − 1)
2
9) = x 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 =
= x2 − 2x + 1

( x − 4)
2
10) = x 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 4 + 42 =
= x 2 − 8 x + 16

( a − 2)
2
11) = a 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ 2 + 22 =
= a 2 − 4a + 4

(3 − b )
2
12) = 32 − 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ b + b 2 =
= 9 − 6b + b 2

( y − 5)
2
13) = y 2 − 2 ⋅ y ⋅ 5 + 52 =
= y 2 − 10 y + 25

( x + 6)
2
14) = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 6 + 62 =
= x 2 + 12 x + 36

(7 − x)
2
15) = 72 − 2 ⋅ 7 ⋅ x + x2 =
= 49 − 14 x + x 2

(8 + y )
2
16) = 82 + 2 ⋅ 8 ⋅ y + y 2 =
= 64 + 16 y + y 2

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2
( I + II ) = I 2 + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2 i ( I − II ) = I 2 − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2
2 2
To pravilo možemo pisati i ovako:

(2 + z)
2
17) = 22 + 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ z + z 2 =
= 4 + 4z + z2

( z − 2)
2
18) = z 2 − 2 ⋅ z ⋅ 2 + 22 =
= z2 − 4z + 4

( x + 5y) = x2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 5 y + (5 y ) =
2 2
19)
= x 2 + 10 xy + 52 y 2 =
= x 2 + 10 xy + 25 y 2
Još jednom isti zadatak:
( x + 5y) = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 5 y + ( 5 y ) = x 2 + 10 xy + 52 y 2 = x 2 + 10 xy + 25 y 2
2 2
19)
7
Primjeni pravilo: ( ab ) = a n b n (5 y )
n 2
u našem slučaju: = 52 y 2 = 25 y 2
7 i ovdje
(5x − y ) = ( 5 x ) − 2 ⋅ 5 x ⋅ y + y 2 = 52 x 2 − 10 xy + y 2 = 25 x 2 − 10 xy + y 2
2 2
20)

ili možemo pisati i ovako:

(5x − y ) = (5x ) − 2 ⋅ 5x ⋅ y + y 2 =
2 2

= 52 x 2 − 10 xy + y 2 =
= 25 x 2 − 10 xy + y 2

(7x + y ) = (7 x) + 2⋅ 7 x ⋅ y + y2 =
2 2
21)
= 7 2 x 2 + 14 xy + y 2 =
= 49 x 2 + 14 xy + y 2

( x − 3y) = x2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅3 y + (3 y ) =
2 2
22)
= x 2 − 6 xy + 32 y 2 =
= x 2 − 6 xy + 9 y 2

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B )2 = A2 − 2 ⋅ A⋅ B + B 2

To pravilo možemo pisati i ovako: ( I + II ) = I + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II i ( I − II ) = I − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II
2 2 2 2 2 2

( 3x + 2 ) = ( 3 x ) + 2 ⋅ 3 x ⋅ 2 + 22 =
2 2
23)
= 32 x 2 + 12 x + 4 =
= 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4

( 2 x + 5) = ( 2 x ) + 2 ⋅ 2 x ⋅ 5 + 52 =
2 2
24)
= 22 x 2 + 20 x + 25 =
= 4 x 2 + 20 x + 25

Sve ove zadatke možemo rješavati u jednom redu ali tada je teško pisati upute,
kada svaki korak pišem u novi red tada desno od zadatka ima mjesta za uputu.

( 2a − 5b ) = ( 2a ) − 2 ⋅ 2a ⋅ 5b + ( 5b ) = 22 a 2 − 20ab + 52 b 2 = 4a 2 − 20ab + 25b 2

2 2 2
25)

Još jednom isti zadatak: ( 2a − 5b ) = ( 2a ) − 2 ⋅ 2a ⋅ 5b + ( 5b ) = Primjeni: ( ab ) = a nb n

2 2 2 n

= 22 a 2 − 20ab + 52 b 2 =
= 4a 2 − 20ab + 25b 2

(2x + 3y ) = ( 2 x ) + 2 ⋅ 2 x ⋅3 y + (3 y ) =
2 2 2
26)
= 22 x 2 + 12 xy + 32 y 2 =
= 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2

(5x + 2 y ) = (5x ) + 2⋅5x ⋅ 2 y + ( 2 y ) =

2 2 2
27)
= 52 x 2 + 20 xy + 22 y 2 =
= 25 x 2 + 20 xy + 4 y 2

( 3x + 4 y ) = ( 3x ) + 2 ⋅ 3x ⋅ 4 y + ( 4 y ) =
2 2 2
28)
= 32 x 2 + 24 xy + 42 y 2 =
= 9 x 2 + 24 xy + 16 y 2

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2
( I + II ) = I 2 + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2 i ( I − II ) = I 2 − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2
2 2
To pravilo možemo pisati i ovako:

( 3x − 4 y ) = ( 3x ) − 2 ⋅ 3x ⋅ 4 y + ( 4 y ) =
2 2 2
29)
= 32 x 2 − 24 xy + 42 y 2 =
= 9 x 2 − 24 xy + 16 y 2

( 5a + 7b ) = ( 5a ) + 2 ⋅ 5a ⋅ 7b + ( 7b ) =
2 2 2
30)
= 52 a 2 + 70ab + 7 2 b 2 =
= 25a 2 + 70ab + 49b 2

( 3m + n ) = ( 3m ) + 2 ⋅ 3m ⋅ n + n 2 =
2 2
31)
= 32 m 2 + 6mn + n 2 =
= 9m 2 + 6mn + n 2

( 2m − 5n ) = ( 2m ) − 2 ⋅ 2m ⋅ 5n + ( 5n ) =
2 2 2
32)
= 22 m 2 − 20mn + 52 n 2 =
= 4m 2 − 20mn + 25n 2

( 0, 2 x + 3) = ( 0, 2 x ) + 2 ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 3 + 32 = 0, 22 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9 = 0, 04 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9
2 2
33)
↓ ↓
2 ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ 3 = 1, 2 0, 22 = 0, 2 ⋅ 0, 2 = 0, 04
Još jednom taj isti zadatak:
Uputa:
( 0, 2 x + 3) = ( 0, 2 x ) + 2 ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 3 + 32 =
2 2
33) → 2 ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ 3 = 1, 2
= 0, 22 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9 = → 0, 22 = 0, 2 ⋅ 0, 2 = 0, 04
= 0, 04 x 2 + 1, 2 x + 9

(1, 2 x + 0,3) = (1, 2 x ) + 2 ⋅1, 2 x ⋅ 0,3 + 0,32 =

2 2
34) → 2 ⋅1, 2 ⋅ 0,3 = 0, 7 2
= 1, 22 x 2 + 2 ⋅1, 2 ⋅ 0,3 ⋅ x + 0, 09 = → 1, 22 = 1, 2 ⋅1, 2 = 1, 44
= 1, 44 x 2 + 0, 72 x + 0, 09

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M-1-Kvadrat binoma Rješenja i kompletni postupak

34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2
( I + II ) = I 2 + 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2 i ( I − II ) = I 2 − 2 ⋅ I ⋅ II + II 2
2 2
To pravilo možemo pisati i ovako:

( 0,5 x − 2 y ) = ( 0,5 x ) − 2 ⋅ 0,5 ⋅ x ⋅ 2 ⋅ y + ( 2 y ) =

2 2 2
35)
= 0,52 x 2 − 2 x + 22 y 2 =
= 0, 25 x 2 − 2 x + 4 y 2

( 0, 2m + 0,3n ) = ( 0, 2m ) + 2 ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ m ⋅ 0,3 ⋅ n + ( 0,3n ) =

2 2 2
36)
= 0, 22 m 2 + 0,12mn + 0,32 n 2 =
= 0, 04m 2 + 0,12mn + 0, 09n 2

2 2
⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛1⎞
37) ⎜ x + ⎟ = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ + ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝2⎠
1 12
= x2 + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x + 2 =
2 2
1
= x2 + x +
4

2 2
⎛3 ⎞ ⎛3 ⎞ 3
38) ⎜ x + 1⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅1 + 12 =
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2
32
= 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 =
2
9
= x 2 + 3x + 1
4

2 2 2
⎛3 2 ⎞ ⎛3 ⎞ 3 2 ⎛2 ⎞
39) ⎜ x + y ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ + 2⋅ ⋅ x⋅ ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
⎝4 3 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠ 4 3 ⎝3 ⎠
32 3 2 22 3 2 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 2
= 2 x 2 + 2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ y + 2 y 2 = → drugi član ⋅ 2 ⋅ ⋅ xy = xy = 1xy
4 4 3 3 4 3 4⋅3
9 2 4
= x + xy + y 2
16 9

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

2 2
⎛ 5 ⎞ 5 ⎛5 ⎞
40) ⎜ 0, 4 x − y ⎟ = ( 0, 4 x ) − 2 ⋅ 0, 4 ⋅ x ⋅ ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
2

⎝ 3 ⎠ 3 ⎝3 ⎠
2
4 5 5
= 0, 42 x 2 − 2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ y + 2 y 2 =
10 3 3
4 25 2
= 0,16 x 2 − xy + y = Možemo rješenje ostaviti u ovom obliku
3 9
16 2 4 25 2 16 4
= x − xy + y = ili decimalni broj 0,16 = =
100 3 9 100 25
4 2 4 25 2
= x − xy + y pretvoriti u razlomak....
25 3 9

2 2
⎛5 ⎞ ⎛5 ⎞ 5 5
41) ⎜ x + 0, 2 y ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ y + = ( 0, 2 y ) =
2
→ 2 ⋅ ⋅ 0, 2 = 5 ⋅ 0, 2 = 1
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2 2
52
= 2 x 2 + 1⋅ xy + 0, 22 y 2 =
2
25 2
= x + xy + 0, 04 y 2
4
2 2 2
⎛5 ⎞ ⎛5 ⎞ 5 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞
ili taj z adatak na drugi način: ⎜ x + 0, 2 y ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ ⋅ y + = ⎜ y⎟ =
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2 10 ⎝ 10 ⎠
2
52 2 5 1 ⎛1 ⎞
= 2
x + 2⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
2 2 5 ⎝5 ⎠
25 2 1 2
= x + xy + y
4 25
4 1
Vidimo da su obadva rješenja ista jer je: 0, 04 = = pa sada kako je kome lakše
100 25 računat obadva načina su ispravna...

2 2
⎛ 3 ⎞ 3 ⎛3 ⎞
42) ⎜ 4 x − y ⎟ = ( 4 x ) − 2 ⋅ 4 x ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
2

⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝2 ⎠
3 32
= 42 x 2 − 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ y + 2 y 2 =
2 2
2
3
= 16 x 2 − 12 xy + 2 y 2 =
2
9
= 16 x 2 − 12 xy + y 2
4

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

2 2 2
⎛1 2 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ 1 2 ⎛2 ⎞
43) ⎜ x + y 3 ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ ⋅ y 3 + ⎜ y 3 ⎟ =
⎝2 3 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2 3 ⎝3 ⎠
2 2
1 2 2
= 2 x 2 + xy 3 + 2 y 3 2 =
2 3 3
( ) → (y )
3 2
= y 3⋅ 2 = y 6

1 2 4
= x 2 + xy 3 + y 6
4 3 9

2 2 2
⎛2 3 ⎞ ⎛2 ⎞ 2 3 ⎛3 ⎞
44) ⎜ x3 − y 4 ⎟ = ⎜ x 3 ⎟ − 2 ⋅ x3 ⋅ y 4 + ⎜ y 4 ⎟ =
⎝3 4 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ 3 4 ⎝4 ⎠
2
2 3 2 2 3 3 4 32 4 2 2 3 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3
3
( )
= 2 x − 2⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ y + 2 y
3 4 4
= ( ) → 2⋅ ⋅ =
3 4 3⋅ 4
=1

4 9
= x 3⋅ 2 − 1⋅ x3 y 4 + y 4⋅ 2 =
9 16
4 6 3 4 9 8
= x −x y + y
9 16

2
⎛ 1 ⎞ 1
45) ⎜1 x + y ⎟ = Odmah treba mješoviti broj: 1 pretvoriti u razlomak pa tek tada kvadri rati:
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
2 2 2
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛3 ⎞ ⎛3 ⎞ 3 1 1.2 + 1 3
⎜1 x + y ⎟ = ⎜ x + y ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ y + y = →1 = =
2

⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ 2 2 2 2
2
3
= 2 x 2 + xy + y 2
2

2 2
⎛ 2 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2⋅3 + 2 1⋅ 4 + 1 ⎞
46) ⎜ 2 x − 1 y ⎟ = ⎜ x− y ⎟ = Odmah treba mješoviti broj pretvoriti u razlomak
⎝ 3 4 ⎠ ⎝ 3 4 ⎠
2
⎛8 5 ⎞
= ⎜ x− y⎟ = → pa tek tad a kvadrirati
⎝3 4 ⎠
2 2
⎛8 ⎞ 8 5 ⎛5 ⎞
= ⎜ x ⎟ − 2⋅ x ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
⎝3 ⎠ 3 4 ⎝4 ⎠
8 2
8⋅5 5 2
= 2 x2 − ⋅ x⋅ y + 2 y2 =
3 3⋅ 2 4
64 2 40 25 2
= x − xy + y
9 6 16

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

2 2 2
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 3⋅ 3 + 2 5 ⎞ ⎛ 11 1 ⎞
47) ⎜ 3 x − 0,5 y ⎟ = ⎜ x − y⎟ = ⎜ x− y⎟ =
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 10 ⎠ ⎝ 3 2 ⎠
2 2
⎛ 11 ⎞ 11 1 ⎛1 ⎞
= ⎜ x ⎟ − 2⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
⎝ 3 ⎠ 3 2 ⎝2 ⎠
2 2
11 11 1
= 2 x 2 − xy + 2 y 2 =
3 3 2
121 2 11 1
= x − xy + y 2
9 3 4

2 2 2
⎛1 3 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ 1 3 ⎛3 ⎞
48) ⎜ xz − y ⎟ = ⎜ xz ⎟ − 2 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ z ⋅ ⋅ y + ⎜ y ⎟ =
⎝4 2 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠ 4 2 ⎝2 ⎠
2
1 1 3 32
= 2 x2 y 2 − 2⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ z ⋅ y + 2 y 2 =
4 4 2 2
1 2 2 3 9 2
= x y − xzy + y
16 4 4

49) (x 2
+1 ) = ( x ) + 2⋅ x
2 2 2 2
⋅1 + 12 = → x2( ) 2
= x 2⋅ 2 = x 4 po pravilu: a n ( ) m
= a n⋅m
= x 2⋅2 + 2 x 2 + 1 =
= x4 + 2 x2 + 1

(x ) = ( x ) − 2⋅ x
2
50) 2
−2 2 2 2
⋅ 2 + 22 =
= x 2⋅2 − 4 x 2 + 4 =
= x4 − 4 x2 + 4

(3 − x ) ( )
2
51) 4
= 32 − 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ x 4 + x 4 2
=
= 9 − 6 x 4 + x 4⋅ 2 =
= 9 − 6 x 4 + x8

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

( 3a ) = ( 3a ) − 2 ⋅3⋅ a ⋅ b + ( b )
2
52) 2
− b3 2 2 2 3 3 2
=

= 3 ( a ) − 6a b + b =
2
2 2 2 3 3⋅ 2

= 9a 2⋅ 2 − 6a 2b3 + b 6 = 9a 4 − 6a 2b3 + b6

( 2a ) = ( 2a ) − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + ( b )
2
53) 3
− b2 3 2 3 2 2 2
=

= 2 ( a ) − 4a b + b =
2 3 2 3 2 2⋅ 2

= 4a 3⋅ 2 − 4a 3b 2 + b 4 =
= 4a 6 − 4a 3b 2 + b 4

54) (a 3
− 5b 2 ) = ( a ) − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ 5⋅ b + ( 5b )
2 3 2 3 2 2 2
=
= a − 10a b + 5 ( b ) =
3⋅ 2 3 2 2 2 2

= a 6 − 10a 3b 2 + 25b 4

55) ( 2x 3
+ 3 y3 ) = ( 2 x ) + 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 3⋅ y + ( 3 y )
2 3 2 3 3 3 2
=
= 2 ( x ) + 12 x y + 3 ( y ) =
2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2

= 4 x3⋅ 2 + 12 x 3 y 3 + 9 y 3⋅ 2 =
= 4 x 6 + 12 x3 y 3 + 9 y 6

56) ( 3x 4
+ 7 y5 ) = ( 3x ) + 2 ⋅ 3⋅ x ⋅ 7 ⋅ y + ( 7 y ) =
2 4 2 4 5 5 2

= 3 ( x ) + 42 x y + 7 ( y ) =
2 4 2 4 5 2 5 2

= 9 x 4⋅ 2 + 42 x 4 y 5 + 49 y 5⋅ 2 =
= 9 x8 + 42 x 4 y 5 + 49 y10

57) (2x y 2 3
− 3z 2 ) = ( 2 x y ) − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x ⋅ y ⋅ 3⋅ z + ( 3z ) =
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2

= 2 ( x ) ( y ) − 4 ⋅ 3⋅ x ⋅ y ⋅ z + 3 ( z )
2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
=
= 4 x 2⋅ 2 y 3⋅ 2 − 12 x 2 y 3 z 2 + 9 z 2⋅ 2 =
= 4 x 4 y 6 − 12 x 2 y 3 z 2 + 9 z 4

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

( 2ab + 3c ) = ( 2ab ) + 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ 3⋅ c + ( 3c ) =
2 2 2
58)
= 22 a 2b 2 + 12abc + 32 c 2 =
= 4a 2b 2 + 12abc + 9c 2

59) ( a b + c ) = ( a b ) + 2 ⋅ a ⋅b ⋅ c + ( c )
2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2
=
= ( a ) ⋅ b + 2a bc + c =
2 2 2 2 3 2

= a 4b 2 + 2a 2bc 3 + c 2

60) ( 2ab 2
− 3c 4 ) 2 = ( 2ab 2 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b 2 ⋅ 3⋅ c 4 + ( 3c 4 ) 2 =
= 22 a 2 ( b 2 ) 2 − 12ab 2c 4 + 32 ( c 4 ) 2 =
= 4a 2b 2⋅ 2 − 12ab 2c 4 + 9c 4⋅ 2 =
= 4a 2b 4 − 12ab 2c 4 + 9c8

61) (a b
2 3
− c 2 d 4 ) 2 = ( a 2b3 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b3 ⋅ c 2 ⋅ d 4 + ( c 2 d 4 ) 2 =
= ( a 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( b3 ) 2 − 2a 2b3c 2 d 4 + ( c 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( d 4 ) 2 =
= a 2⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 − 2a 2b3c 2 d 4 + c 2⋅ 2 d 4⋅ 2 =
= a 4b6 − 2a 2b3c 2 d 4 + c 4 d 8

62) (a b
2 3
− c 2 ) 2 = ( a 2b 3 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b 3 ⋅ c 3 + ( c 2 ) 2 =
= ( a 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( b 3 ) 2 − 2 a 2b 3c 3 + c 2 ⋅ 2 =
= a 2⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 − 2a 2b3c 3 + c 4 =
= a 4b6 − 2a 2b3c 3 + c 4

63) ( a b − 3c ) = ( a b ) − 2 ⋅ a b ⋅3⋅ c + ( 3c )
3 4 2 3 2 3 4 4 2
=
= ( a ) ⋅ b − 6a bc + 3 ( c )
3 2 2 3 4 2 4 2
=
= a 3⋅ 2b 2 − 6a 3bc 4 + 9c 4⋅ 2 =
= a 6b 2 − 6a 3bc 4 + 9c8

64) (a b
2 3
+ 4c5 ) 2 = ( a 2b3 ) 2 + 2 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ c 5 + ( 4c5 ) 2 =
= ( a 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( b3 ) 2 + 8a 2b3c 5 + 42 ( c5 ) 2 =
= a 2⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 + 8a 2b3c5 + 16c 5⋅ 2 =
= a 4b6 + 8a 2b3c 5 + 16c10

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

65) ( 2a b
4 3
− 3a 2b7 ) 2 = ( 2a 4b3 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ b3 ⋅ 3⋅ a 2 ⋅ b7 + ( 3a 2b7 ) 2 =
= 22 ( a 4 ) 2 ⋅ ( b3 ) 2 − 12 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b3 ⋅ b7 + 32 ( a 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( b7 ) 2 =
= 4a 4⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 − 12 ⋅ a 4+ 2 ⋅ b3+7 + 9a 2⋅ 2b7 ⋅ 2 =
= 4a8b6 − 12a 6b10 + 9a 4b9

66) ( 4a b − 5a b ) = ( 4a b ) − 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ a ⋅b ⋅5⋅ a ⋅ b + ( 5a b ) =
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2

= 4 ( a ) ⋅b − 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅5⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅b ⋅b + 5 ( a ) ⋅(b )
2 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 2
=
= 16a 3⋅ 2b 2 − 40a 3+2 ⋅ b1+3 + 25a 2⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 =
= 16a 6b 2 − 40a 5b 4 + 25a 4b6

( 9a b − 2 a 2 b 4 ) = ( 9 a 4b 3 ) − 2 ⋅ 9 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ b 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b 4 + ( 2 a 2b 4 ) =
2 2 2
4 3
67)

= 92 ( a 4 ) ( b3 ) − 2 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b3 ⋅ b 4 + 22 ( a 2 ) ( b 4 ) =
2 2 2 2

= 81a 4⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 − 36 ⋅ a 4+ 2 ⋅ b3+ 4 + 4a 2⋅ 2b 4⋅ 2 =

= 81a8b6 − 36a 6b7 + 4a 4b8

2 2 2
⎛1 2 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ 1 2 ⎛2 ⎞
68) ⎜ a 2b − a 4b3 ⎟ = ⎜ a 2b ⎟ − 2 ⋅ ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b ⋅ ⋅ a 4 ⋅ b3 + ⎜ a 4b3 ⎟ =
⎝ 2 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 3 ⎝ 3 ⎠
2 2
1 1 2 2
= 2 ⋅ ( a 2 ) 2 ⋅ b 2 − 2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ a 2 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ b1 ⋅ b3 + 2 ( a 4 ) 2 ⋅ ( b3 ) 2 =
2 2 3 3
1 2 4
= a 2⋅ 2b 2 − ⋅ a 2+ 4 ⋅ b1+3 + a 4⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 =
4 3 9
1 2 4
= a 4b 2 − a 6b 4 + a 6b 5
4 3 9

69) (5x − 6 y )
−2
= (5x − 6 y )
2 ⋅ ( − 1)
= ((5x − 6 y ) ) 2 −1
=
1
(5x − 6 y )
2
=

1 1 1
= = =
(5x ) − 2⋅5⋅ x ⋅ 6 ⋅ y + ( 6 y ) 5 x − 30 xy + 6 y 25 x − 30 xy + 36 y 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

70) ( x + 4y)
−2
= ( x + 4y)
2 ⋅ ( − 1)
= (( x + 4 y ) )
2 −1
=
( x + 4y)
1
2
=

1 1 1
= = = 2
x + 2⋅ x ⋅4⋅ y + ( 4 y ) x + 8 xy + 4 y x + 8 xy + 16 y 2
2 2 2 2 2

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34. 71)
( −a − b ) = (a + b)
2 2
U formulama piše:

( −a − b ) = ( − 1⋅ ( a + b ) ) = ( − 1) ⋅ ( a + b ) = 1⋅ ( a + b ) = ( a + b )
2 2 2 2 2 2
Pokažimo zašto je to tako:

( −a − b ) = ( − 1⋅ ( a + b ) ) = ( − 1) ,
2 2
Objašnjenje: Izlučili smo zajednički faktor

= ( − 1) ⋅ ( a + b ) = ( a ⋅b )
2 2 n
pa smo primjenili pravilo: = a n ⋅bn
= 1⋅ ( a + b ) = ( − 1)
2 2
=1
= (a + b)
2

Sada taj postupak primjenimo u: 71. , 72. , 73. , 74. ,

( − x − 3) = ( − 1⋅ ( x + 3) ) = ( − 1) ⋅ ( x + 3) = 1⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 3 + 32 = x 2 + 6 x + 9 ( )
2 2 2 2
71)

(−x − 2 y) = ( − 1⋅ ( x + 2 y ) ) = ( − 1) ,
2 2
72) Izlučimo zajednički faktor

= ( − 1) ⋅ ( x + 2 y ) = ( a ⋅b )
2 2 n
pa primje nimo pravilo: = a n ⋅bn

(
= 1⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 2 ⋅ y + ( 2 y )
2
)=
(
= 1⋅ x 2 + 4 xy + 2 2 y 2 = )
= x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2

= ( − 1⋅ ( 2a + 3b ) ) = (−x − 4 y) = ( − 1⋅ ( x + 4 y ) ) =
2 2
( − 2a − 3b )
2 2
73) 74)

= ( − 1) ⋅ ( 2a + 3b ) = = ( − 1) ⋅ ( x + 4 y ) =
2 2 2 2

( )= ( ( ) )=
2
= 1⋅ ( 2a ) + 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ 3 ⋅ b + ( 3b )
2 2
= 1⋅ x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 4 ⋅ y + 4 y 2

(
= 1⋅ 2 2 ⋅ a 2 + 12ab + 32 b 2 = ) = x 2 + 8 xy + 4 2 y 2 ( )
2
=
= 4a + 12ab + 9b
2 2
= x 2 + 8 xy + 16 y 4

2 2
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛1 ⎞⎞
75) ⎜ − x − 4 y 2 ⎟ = ⎜ − 1⋅ ⎜ x + 4 y 2 ⎟ ⎟ = ( − a + 7b ) = ( 7b − a ) =
2 2
76)
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝2 ⎠⎠
= ( 7b ) − 2 ⋅ 7 ⋅ b ⋅ a + a 2 =
2
2
⎛1 ⎞
= ( − 1) ⋅ ⎜ x + 4 y 2 ⎟ =
2

⎝2 ⎠ = 7 2 b 2 − 14ba + a 2
⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 1 ⎞ = 49b 2 − 14ba + a 2
( )
2
= 1⋅ ⎜ ⎜ x ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ 4 ⋅ y 2 + 4 y 2 ⎟⎟ =
⎜⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ili
⎝ ⎠
= a 2 − 14ab + 49b 2
12
( )
2
= 2 x 2 + 4 xy 2 + 42 y 2 =
2
1 2
= x + 4 xy 2 + 16 y 4
4
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prvom i drugom članu zamjenimo mjesta

34. 77) ( − 3x + y )2 = ( y − 3x )2 =
tako da drugi bude sa predznakom ( − ) ...i dalje je lako...

= y 2 − 2 ⋅ y ⋅ 3⋅ x + ( 3x 2 ) =
= y 2 − 6 yx + 32 x 2 =
= y 2 − 6 yx + 9 x 2 ili = 9 x 2 − 6 xy + y 2 obad va rj. su ispravna i ista...

Taj zadatak možemo rješiti i na još dva načina:

II način: III način:
( − 3x + y ) = ( − 1⋅ ( 3x − y ) ) =
2 2
77) ( − 3x + y ) = ( − 3x ) + 2 ⋅ ( − 3x ) ⋅ y + y 2 =
2 2

= ( − 1) ⋅ ( 3x − y ) =
2 2
= ( − 3) x 2 − 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ x ⋅ y + y 2 =
2

(
= 1⋅ ( 3x ) − 2 ⋅ 3x ⋅ y + y 2 =
2
) = 9 x 2 − 6 xy + y 2

= 32 x 2 − 6 xy + y 2 =
Uvijek dobijemo isto rješenje...pa birajte...
= 9 x 2 − 6 xy + y 2
na koji način će te rješavat ovakve zadatke

78) ( −5a b 2 3
+ 2c 4 ) 2 = ( 2c 4 − 5a 2b3 ) 2 =
= ( 2c 4 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ c 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b3 + ( 5a 2b3 ) 2 =
= 22 ( c 4 ) 2 − 20a 2b3c 4 + 52 ( a 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( b3 ) 2 =
= 4c 4⋅ 2 − 20a 2b3c 4 + 25a 2⋅ 2b3⋅ 2 =
= 4c8 − 20a 2b3c 4 + 25a 4b6 ili = 25a 4b6 − 20a 2b3c 4 + 4c8

79) ( −2 x y 2 3
+ 3z 4 ) 2 = ( 3z 4 − 2 x 2 y 3 ) 2 =
= ( 3z 4 ) 2− 2 ⋅ 3⋅ z 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ y 3 + ( 2 x 2 y 3 ) 2 =
= 32 ( z 4 ) 2 − 12 z 4 x 2 y 3 + 22 ( x 2 ) 2 ⋅ ( y 3 ) 2 =
= 9 z 4⋅ 2 − 12 x 2 y 3 z 4 + 4 x 2⋅ 2 y 3⋅ 2 =
= 9 z 8 − 12 x 2 y 3 z 4 + 4 x 4 y 6 ili = 4 x 4 y 6 − 12 x 2 y 3 z 4 + 9 z 8

80) ( −2 m
+ 2n ) 2 = ( 2n − 2m ) 2 =
= ( 2n ) 2 − 2 ⋅ 2n ⋅ 2m + ( 2m ) 2 =
= 2n ⋅ 2 − 21 ⋅ 2n ⋅ 2m + 2m ⋅ 2 =
= 22 n − 21+ n+ m + 22 m = Rješenje možemo ostaviti u ovom obliku...
= 22⋅ n − 21+n+m + 22⋅ m =
= ( 22 ) − 2n+m+1 + ( 22 ) =
n m

= 4n − 2n+ m+1 + 4m ili u ovom obliku, ovisi o tome kako ra dite u školi...

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A⋅ B + B 2

81) (2 m
+ 3n ) = ( 2 ) + 2⋅ 2
2 m 2 m
⋅ 3n + 3n ( ) 2
= 82) (3 m
− 5m ) = (3 ) − 2⋅3
2 m 2 m
⋅ 5m + 5m( ) 2
=

= 3m⋅ 2 − 2 ⋅ ( 3⋅ 5) + 5m⋅ 2 =
m
= 2m⋅ 2 + 21 ⋅ 2m ⋅ 3n + 3n ⋅ 2 =
= 22⋅ m + 21+m ⋅ 3n + 32⋅ n = = 32⋅ m − 2 ⋅15m + 52⋅ m =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
m n m m
= 22 + 2m+1 ⋅ 3n + 32 = = 32 − 2 ⋅15m + 52 =
= 4n + 2m+1 ⋅ 3n + 9n = 9m − 2 ⋅15m + 25m

83) (2 m
+ 2n ) = ( 2 ) + 2⋅ 2
2 m 2 m
( )
⋅ 2 n + 2n 2
= 84) (2 m
+ 2m−1 ) = ( 2 ) + 2⋅ 2
2 m 2 m
⋅ 2m−1 + 2m−1 ( ) 2
=
= 2m ⋅ 2 + 21 ⋅ 2m ⋅ 2m−1 + 2(
m−1) ⋅ 2
= 2m⋅ 2 + 21 ⋅ 2m ⋅ 2n + 2n ⋅ 2 = =
2⋅ m 1+ m+ n 2⋅ n 2⋅ m 1+ m+ m−1 2 ⋅ ( m−1)
=2 +2 +2 = =2 +2 +2 =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
m n m m−1
= 22 + 2m+n+1 + 22 = = 22 + 22 m + 2 2 =
= 4m + 2m+n+1 + 4n ( )
m
= 4m + 22 + 4m−1 =
= 4m + 4m + 4m−1 =
= 2 ⋅ 4m + 4m−1

85) (3m
− 3n ) = (3 ) − 2⋅3
2 m 2 m
⋅ 3n + 3n ( ) 2
=
= 3m⋅ 2 − 2 ⋅ 3m+n + 3n ⋅ 2 =
= 32⋅ m − 2 ⋅ 3m+n + 32⋅ n =

( ) ( )
m n
= 32 − 2 ⋅ 3m+n + 32 =
= 9m − 2 ⋅ 3m+n + 9n

86) (2 m+1
+ 2m−1 ) = ( 2 ) + 2⋅ 2
2 m+1 2 m+1
⋅ 2m−1 + 2m−1 ( ) 2
=
= 2(
m+1) ⋅ 2
+ 21 ⋅ 2m+1 ⋅ 2m−1 + 2(
m−1) ⋅ 2
=
2 ⋅ ( m+1) 2 ⋅ ( m−1)
=2 + 21+m+1+m−1 + 2 =

( ) ( )
m+1 m−1
= 22 + 22 m+1 + 22 =
= 4m+1 + 22 m+1 + 4m−1

87) (2 n
+ 21−n ) = ( 2 ) − 2⋅ 2 ⋅ 2
2 n 2 n 1−n
+ 21−n ( ) 2
=
= 2n ⋅ 2 − 21 ⋅ 2n ⋅ 21−n + 2(
1−n ) ⋅ 2
=
2 ⋅(1−n )
= 22⋅ n − 21+n+1−n + 2 =

( ) ( )
n 1−n
= 22 − 22 + 2 2 =
= 4n − 4 + 41−n

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34. Kvadriramo po pravilu: ( A + B )2 = A2 + 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2 i ( A − B)

2
= A2 − 2 ⋅ A ⋅ B + B 2

88) (2 n +1
− 2n −2 ) = ( 2 ) − 2⋅2
2 n+1 2 n+1
⋅ 2 n− 2 + 2 n− 2 ( ) 2
=
= 2(
n +1) ⋅ 2
− 21 ⋅ 2n+1 ⋅ 2n−2 + 2(
n−2 ) ⋅ 2
=
2 ⋅ ( n +1) 2 ⋅( n−2 )
=2 − 21+n+1+ n−2 + 2 =

( ) ( )
n +1 n−2
= 22 − 22 n + 22 =

( )
n
= 4n+1 − 22 + 4 n−2 =
= 4n+1 − 4n + 4n−2

89) (a n
+ a n+1 ) = ( a ) + 2⋅ a
2 n 2 n
⋅ a n+1 + a n+1 ( ) 2
=
= a n ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ a n+n+1 + a (
n +1) ⋅ 2
=
= a 2 n + 2a 2 n+1 + a 2 n+1

90) (a n −1
− a n+1 ) = ( a ) − 2⋅a
2 n−1 2 n −1
⋅ a n+1 + a n+1 ( ) 2
=
= a(
n −1) ⋅ 2
− 2 ⋅ a n−1+ n+1 + a (
n +1) ⋅ 2
=
2 n −2 2 n+2
=a − 2a + a 2n

( 2a ) = ( 2a ) − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅3⋅b + ( 3b ) =
2 2 2
91) x
− 3b x x x x x

= 2 ( a ) − 12 ⋅ a ⋅ b + 3 ( b ) =
2 2
2 x x x 2 x

= 4a x ⋅ 2 − 12a xb x + 9b x ⋅ 2 =
= 4a 2 x − 12a xb x 9b 2 x

92) ( 2a x
+ 3b y ) = ( 2a ) + 2 ⋅ 2a
2 x 2 x
( )
⋅ 3b y + 3b y 2
=
= 2 ( a ) + 12a b
2 x 2 x y
+ 3 (b ) =
2 y 2

= 4a x ⋅ 2 + 12a xb y + 9b y ⋅ 2 =
= 4a 2 x + 12a xb y + 9b 2 y

M.I.M.-Sraga -2003./2013. 18 © M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

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