Estudillo, Mary Grace M.

BSED-SS 2nd year

TTH 02:00-03:30pm Mr. Kevin Bonotan

History of Islam

Upon the passing of the Prophet, Abu Bakr, the companion of the Prophet and
the principal adult male to grasp Islam moved toward becoming caliph. Abu Bakr ruled
for a long time to be prevailing by 'Umar who was caliph for a decade and during whose
standard Islam spread broadly east and west overcoming the Persian domain, Syria
and Egypt. It was 'Umar who walked by walking toward the end of the Muslim armed
force into Jerusalem and requested the security of Christian destinations. 'Umar
additionally settled the principal open treasury and a refined money related
organization. He built up numerous of the fundamental practices of the Islamic
government. Umar was prevailing by 'Uthman who ruled for nearly twelve years during
which time the Islamic extension proceeded. He is otherwise called the caliph who had
the conclusive content of the Noble Quran duplicated and sent to the four corners of the
Islamic world. He was thus prevailing by 'Ali who is known right up 'til today for his
articulate lessons and letters, and furthermore for his valiance? With his passing the
standard of the "rightly guided" caliphs, who hold an extraordinary spot of regard in the
hearts of Muslims, arrived at an end. The Umayyad caliphate built up in 661 ways to
keep going for about a century. During this time Damascus turned into the capital of an
Islamic world which extended from the western outskirts of China to southern France.
Not exclusively did the Islamic victories keep during this period through North Africa to
Spain and France in the West and to Sind, Central Asia, and Transoxiana in the East,
however the fundamental social and legitimate foundations of the recently established
Islamic world was established.

The Abbasids, who succeeded the Umayyads, moved the capital to Baghdad which
before long formed into an exceptional focus of learning and culture just as the
administrative and political heart of a tremendous world. They ruled for more than 500
years however bit by bit their capacity wound down and they stayed just representative
rulers offering authenticity upon different sultans and sovereigns who employed real
military power. The Abbasid caliphate was at long last abolished when Hulagu, the
Mongol ruler, caught Baghdad in 1258, obliterating a great part of the city counting its
exceptional libraries. While the Abbasids managed in Baghdad, various amazing lines
such as the Fatimids, Ayyubids, and Mamluks held power in Egypt, Syria and Palestine.
The most significant occasion in this territory to the extent the connection between Islam
and the Western world was concerned was the arrangement of Crusades proclaimed by
the Pope and upheld by different European lords. The reason, although political, was
outward to recover the Holy Land and particularly Jerusalem for Christianity. Despite the
fact that there was toward the starting a few achievement and nearby European
guideline was set up in parts of Syria and Palestine, Muslims at long last won and in
1187 Saladin, the great Muslim leader, recovered Jerusalem and crushed the
Crusaders.

Symbols

Islam: The Crescent Moon and Star

The crescent moon and star Although Islam has no symbol

doctrinally related with it, the image of the crescent moon and
star (hilal in Arabic) is presently broadly used to symbolize Islam.
This image has no religious significance in Islam and Muslims
don't hold the crescent and star to be holy or sacred. The crescent represents progress
and the five-pointed star, light and information. The moon is the appointed sign of times,
seasons, fast and feast, and oversees the Islamic calendar. The five points the star can
represent the five pillars of Islam, the fundamental components of the Muslim faith.

Basic Beliefs

The Supreme Reality, or Allah is at once God, the Person, and the suprapersonal
Reality or Godhead. Allah isn't just Pure Being, yet the Beyond-Being, about which
nothing can be said without delimiting His Infinite also, Absolute Essence, which is
beyond all determination.
The Quran refers always to the the angels (al-malā'ikah) , and belief in their existence is
part of the definition of faith (al-īmān) . Angels assume a noteworthy job in the Islamic
universe; they bring disclosure, as was finished by Jibra'īl (Gabriel), and take the spirit
of people right now of death, as is done by 'Izrā'īl.

Islam considers man, that is, the human being in both the male and female forms, in
himself and in his suchness as standing directly before God and being both His servant
(al- ‘abd) and vicegerent (al-khalīfah) on earth. As per the Islamic point of view, people
still convey profound inside their spirits that primordial nature (alfi. trah), which
authenticates Divine Unity and which Islam basically addresses. For Islam, the
individual is an insight, which essentially affirms al-tawh.īd and to this knowledge is
included the will, which should be guided by disclosure. Religion is basically the
methods for people to remember what their identity is and to come back to the inward
primordial nature despite everything they convey profound inside them. Islam accepts
that at death, people enter a state in conformity with their faith what's more, doctrines
and Beliefs of Islam 73 activities in this life, in spite of the fact that there are constantly
imponderable measurements of Divine Mercy. The Quran and Had īth depict clearly
both heaven and damnation and furthermore point to the purgatories or intermediate
states in the middle of that have been depicted all the more completely in the inspired
traditional commentaries.

Holidays

Eid al-Fitr (Festival of the Breaking of the Fast)

This Eid is often celebrated for one day each year at the end of the approximately 30-
day month called Ramadan, during which time many Muslim adults fast from sunrise to
sunset and give charity to the poor and needy. Fasting for Ramadan is one of the five
pillars of Islam

Eid al-Adha (Festival of the Sacrifice)

Depending on the country, Eid al-Adha is celebrated from 4 to 12 days at the end of the
Hajj (pilgrimage, the fifth pillar of Islam)5 to Mecca and Medina.