BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts

Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Data provided by the proponents for the fabrication of the modified electro-responsive
ultrafiltration membrane that will be used for the thesis entitled Design and Development of a
Modified Ultrafiltration Setup using Electro-responsive Membrane for Meat Processing
Wastewater Treatment.

COMPOSITION OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER

The table below shows the total components of wastewater in slaughterhouse industries
alongside the DENR standard for treated wastewater effluent. This evaluates the composition of
the feed and the parameters that will be considered as basis for the fabrication of the modified
membrane.

Table 1.1
Slaughterhouse Wastewater Composition

Source: intechopen.com
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Table 1.2
Meat Process Wastewater Standard

Source: DENR – Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016

This table shows that the effluent must be with low oil and grease, total solids, coliform,
and with trace amounts of ammonia, nitrogen and phosphorus. The desired membrane will be
governed by these parameters that it should at least conform to the DENR standards when used in
the Electrocoagulation Membrane Reactor (ECMR) design of the proponents.
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ELECTROCONDUCTIVE MEMBRANE
The table below shows the list of novel conductive membranes and their respective
fabrication method.

Table 1.2
Novel Conducting Membrane and Corresponding Parameters

Source: Li C. et al, 2018

This table shows the sample of existing novel conductive membranes that can be used in
the ECMR setup with their corresponding fabrication method. The proponents will specifically
use the PPy/CNT PES modified membrane. The process of membrane fabrication is:
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Polyethylsulfone Preparation
The Polyethylsulfone (PES) membrane was prepared by the phase inversion method. By
using of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and
polyethylsulfone (PES) was dissolved and stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 70˚C to obtain a
homogeneous casting solution. By sonication, the air bubbles formed while casting the solution
will be removed. The casting will be dried at room temperature using a vacuum drying oven.
Afterward, the casting solution was casted on a glass plate using the flat membrane casting
equipment (thickness: 200 µm). The precipitation of high molecular PES polymer is achieved by
immersing the casted solution in a non-solvent water bath (at 25˚C) and then forming a porous
layer under a thin dense layer on top. In that part, the internally loose and externally dense PES
membrane is formed.

Modification of PES Membrane

The modification of the PES membrane by incorporating polypyrrole (PPy) – Carbon
Nanotube (CNT) on the surface of the membrane. First, the CNT was dispersed in deionized water
using a concentrated water using dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a dispersant. A 120-W bath
sonicator was used to CNT dispersion. Second, CNT dispersion was deposited by pressure of 1-
bar onto the surface of PES support membrane. Finally, the prepared membrane was dipped in
pyrrole solution for 1 hour and then after was put in a FeCl3 solution also for 1 hour. In the surface
of the CNT/PES membrane, chemical polymerization could take effect forming the thin conductive
layers on the surface of the membrane. It was for 12 hours that the PPy-CNT/PES was placed or
immersed in the water to remove the excess monomers and adherent oxidizers.

The method that was used here was provided by Li C. et al, 2018 in their study and will
serve as a basis for upscaling it for the ECMR design size of the current proponents. If the said
membrane will not be available for use, then the proponents will resort to a conventional UF
membrane that is applicable to both Electrocoagulation setup and the properties of the wastewater
itself.
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Modification of the membrane by incorporating metal, carbon or any other conductive material
makes it a viable negative electrode for a modified coupling configuration with the result of
simpler design and of less resistance between the electrodes. The key of this modified
configuration is the synthesis of the highly conducting membrane.

Input: Slaughterhouse wastewater

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

Electrocoagulation Membrane Reactor (ECMR)

Isometric View Right View

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Front View
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

THEORETICAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR THE ECMR SETUP

Electro-membrane Reactor (BODY) – Stainless Steel 316

Height – 33 in.
Inner Diameter – 6 in.
Head and Bottom
Height – 3 in.
Estimated Volume – 14.1372 in3
Body
Height – 25 in.
Estimated Volume – 176.7146 in3
TOTAL VOLUME – 190.8518 in3

DC Voltage Regulator
Voltage – 220 V
Current – 2.5A

Electrodes
 Iron Electrodes – Ph must be 4-5
 Graphite Electrodes
 Aluminum Electrodes
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Telefax: (043) 300-4404 locs. 106-118

CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PARAMETERS

TMP – 30kPa
Pump Pressure – Variable
Temperature – 60 ˚C
Ph Solution – Variable
Power Consumption – 0.55 kWh/L (Assumption)
Space between electrode and membrane – 1 cm
Retention Time (ECMR) – Not given
Retention Time (Whole) - Not given