CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The main objective of the study was to assess the level of job stress among

regular nurses of Garcia Memorial Provincial Memorial Hospital (GMPH) and

Don Emilio del Valle Memorial Hospital (DEDVMH) and how this affect their

performance. Moreover, it also sought to describe the profiles of the respondents

such as age, gender, years in service, and employment ward.

With the variables stated in the statement of the problem, the researchers

hypothesized that there was no significant difference between the level of stress

of the regular nurses when they are categorized into age, gender, years in

service, and employment ward.

Table 2. Profile of the Respondents’ Age

Age F % Rank

22-35 yrs. old 17 68 1

36-45 yrs. old 5 20 2

46-55 yrs. old 2 8 3

56-65 yrs. old 1 4 4

TOTAL 25 100
 Table 2 presents the age of the regular nurses in Garcia Memorial Provincial

Hospital and Don Emilio del Valle Memorial Hospital.

The table shows that out of 25 respondents, 17 or 68 percent were regular

nurses whose age ranged from 22-35 years old. Only 1 or 48 percent were

regular nurses whose age ranged from 56-65 years old. Hence, the sample

could be described as composed of young nurses. Moreover, according to

Auerbach (2011), the number of young people who are becoming registered

nurses has grown sharply since 2002. Also, Rivers (n.d) stated that significantly,

more young people are becoming registered nurses.

Table 3. Profile of the Respondent’s Gender

Gender F % Rank

Male 8 32 2

Female 17 68 1

TOTAL 25 100

The gender of the regular nurses in Garcia Memorial Provincial Hospital and

Don Emilio del Valle Memorial Hospital is shown in Table 3.

The table shows that out of 25 respondents, 17 or 68 percent were female

regular nurses and only 8 or 32 percent were male regular nurses. This clearly
shows that in GMPH and DEDVMH, there were a lot of female regular nurses

than male regular nurses. In addition, women have made up a large majority of

the profession and academic discipline of nursing. Statistics show that in 2005,

women comprised 92.3 percent of Registered Nurses (RNs).

Table 4. Profile of the Respondents’ Length in Service

Length in Service f % Rank

(in moths)

1-120 months 17 68 1

121-240 months 4 16 2

241-360 months 3 12 3

361-480 months 1 4 4

TOTAL 25 100

Table 4 reveals the length of service of the regular nurses in Garcia

Memorial Provincial Hospital and Don Emilio del Valle Memorial Hospital in

months.

It shows that out of all the respondents, 17 or 68 percent were regular

nurses whose years in service range from 1-120 months and only 1 or 4 percent

were 361-480 months. In the medical field, most of the workers were in the
service for only a few years. This is supported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics

(2018) which presented a 2018 survey showing that workers in hospitals had the

lowest median tenure of 2.2 years compared to other public institutions. This is

also supported by the statistics given by the National Healthcare Retention and

RN Staffing Report (2018) showing that the average hospital turn- over rate in

2017 was 18.2 percent, which is the highest recorded turn-over in the industry

for almost a decade.

Moreover, LPU- Laguna Journal of allied medicine (Vol. 3 No. 1, 2018)

indicated that 43.8% of the total population were zero to 12 months in service.

4.2% of the total population were more than 48 months in service. LPU- Laguna

of allied medicine indicated that there were more than novice nurses than

advanced, competent, and even expert nurses. This result is supported by

Payscale. Com (2016) stating that people in this job in most healthcare

organization, generally do not have more than 10 years of experience.

 Table 5. Profile of the Respondent’s Employment Ward

F % Rank
Employment Ward

Operating/Delivery 2 8 3

Ward/ER 17 68 1

OPD 5 20 2

ICU 1 4 4

TOTAL 25 100

The employment ward of the regular nurses in Garcia Memorial Provincial

Hospital and Don Emilio del Valle Memorial Hospital is shown in Table 5.

It shows that out of 25 respondents, 17 or 68 percent were assigned at the

Ward/ ER, which has the highest percentage while the ICU has the lowest

percentage of 4 percent that has only one nurse assigned. Emergency room is

where the people go when they need immediate care (Goodroe, 2020). It has a

job and completely unpredictable shift-to-shift (Hamsra, 2018). Thus, there were

more nurses assigned in ERs. Whereas patients in ICU are ventilated and needs
close observation and higher level of care (Hamsra, 2018). hence, nurses

assigned in the ICU were less (Lampert, 2018).

Table 6. Levels of Stress in Terms of Admitting Patient

Total
Item
Statement Weighted Description Rank
Number
Mean

I get stressed in assessing and Seldom

1 1.96 3
gathering patients data Stressful

I get stressed in vital signs Never

2 1.68 6
taking Stressful

I get stressed in carrying Seldom

3 2.24 2
doctor’s order Stressful

Seldom
4 I get stressed in preparing drugs 1.88 4
Stressful

5 I get stressed in administering 1.76 Never 5

drugs Stressful

6 I get stressed in attending OPD 2.4 Seldom 1

patients outside office hour Stressful

1.99 Seldom
Average Weighted Mean
Stressful

Table 6 shows the level of stress of regular nurses in terms of admitting the

patient in GMPH and DEDVMH. It revealed that the regular nurses are seldom
stressed in admitting the patient giving it an average weighted mean of 1.99.

This goes to show that the regular nurses in GMPH and DEDVMH were seldom

stressed in admitting the patient.

Specifically, items 3 and 6 both have the highest weighted mean of 2.24 and

2.4. this shows that the regular nurses are seldom stressed which can be

validated by the statements “I get stressed in carrying doctor’s order” and “I get

stressed in attending OPD patients outside office hour”. According to Ausmed

(2015), day to day nursing is full of potential physical stressors, including

working for long hours, entertaining patients even the shift is over, and do work

that are not related to the job. Also, nurse working night-shift may also suffer

from disruption to their natural circadian rhythms, which in turn, can predispose

them to illness. Moreover, Thirumalteswari (n.d) stated, in carrying out a doctor’s

orders efficiently, nurses must have some degree of understanding of cause and

effect of environmental exposures and disease causation. Thus,nurses perceive

a need for greater education and making them more pressured.

On the other hand, items number 2 and 5 both have the least weighted

mean of 1.76 and 1.68, which can be described as never stressful. It can be

validated with the statement “I get stressed in vital signs taking” and “I get

stressed in administering drugs”. Meridian College (2018) implied that taking vital

signs on patient can be vital to the health of the patient. It simply involves getting

body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate but it is a

great help for nurses for easy diagnosing. Furthermore, Robinson (2016)

asserted that preparing medications and administering them to patients is part of

the daily routine. But it would be easier by following the order of the practitioner

and the patient’s medical record to safely administer medications.

Table 7. Levels of Stress in terms of Patient Care

Total
Item
Statement Weighted Description Rank
Number
Mean

I get stressed in receiving Never

7 1.68 4
endorsement Stressful

I get stressed in doing nursing Seldom

8 1.84 3
rounds Stressful

Seldom
9 I get stressed in documenting 2.33 1
Stressful

I get stressed in performing some Seldom

10 2.08 2
nursing procedures Stressful

I get stressed in assisting some 2.08 Seldom 2

11 minor surgical procedures Stressful

2.00 Seldom
Average Weighted Mean
Stressful

In table 7, the level of stress of the regular nurses in terms of patient care is

shown. It can be inferred from the table that the regular nurses in GMPH and

DEDVMH are seldom stressed, with an average weighted mean of 2 in their

functions related to patient care.

 Moreover, item number 9 has the highest weighted mean of 2.33 that can be

described as “seldom stressful” with a statement “I get stressed in documenting”.

To support, Sampson (2018), indicated that when documenting patient’s

information without interruption is important for accuracy. Because that is one of

the times when nurses conveying a lot of information in a short period of time

and don’t want constant interruptions to happen thus making nurses sometimes

stressed and focused in doing this.

In contrast, item number 7 have the least weighted mean of 1.68 that can be

derived to never stressful which can validated by the item number 7 with the

statement “I get stressed in receiving endorsement”. Smeulers et al. (2014)

stated endorsement or nursing handover occurs when one nurses hand over the

responsibility of care for a patient to another nurse at the end of a shift. Nurses

in this point are tension-less but careful because it involves presenting their

report of the patient and simply explaining the current condition of the patient.
 Table 8: Level of Stress in Terms of Patient Education

Total
Item
Statement Weighted Description
Number
Mean

I get stressed in explaining the Seldom

12 2.24
patient’s health condition. Stressful

Table 8 shows the stress level of regular nurses as to the patient education

they receive. The statistical result of the study revealed that the regular nurses

are seldom stressful in patient education that they receive in Garcia Memorial

Provincial Hospital and Don Emilio Del Valle Memorial Hospital with the average

weighted mean of 2.24 they are seldom stressful in item number 12 (I get

stressed in explaining the patient’s health condition.).

To support, Lippincott Solutions (2017) implied that today’s nurses assume

most of the responsibility for educating patients and helping them to become

responsible for their health. Nurses are pressured sometimes because patient

education needs to be comprehensive and easily understand by the patient.

Moreover, nurses must recognize that many patients are lacking in their inability

to understand information and what they need to do with that information.

 Table 9: Level of Stress in Terms of Discharging Patients

Total
Item
Statement Weighted Description
Number
Mean

I get stressed when discharging Never

13 1.8
some patients. Stressful

Table 9 presents the stress level in Garcia Memorial Provincial Hospital and

Don Emilio Del Valle Memorial Hospital in terms of discharging patients. As

shown in Table 9, regular nurses rate their stress in discharging patient as

“never stressful” with a statement “I get stressed when discharging some

patients.” and with an average weighted mean of 1.8. This shows that regular

nurses in GMPH and DEDVMH were never stressed in discharging. Levine

(2019) stated that only a doctor can authorize a patient’s release from the

hospital, but the actual process of discharge planning can be completed by a

social worker, nurse, case manager, or other people. Ideally, and especially for

the most complicated medical conditions, discharge planning is done with a

team approach hence making nurses more tension-less.

 Table 10: Level of Stress in Terms of Referring Patients to Higher
Center

Total
Item
Statement Weighted Description
Number
Mean

I get stressed on referring some Sometimes

14 2.8
patients to higher center. Stressful

Table 10 shows the level of stress of regular nurses in terms of referring

patients to higher center. After computing the stress level, it was found out that

the regular nurses were sometimes stressed in referring patients to higher center

with a statement “I get stressed on referring some patients to higher center” and

have an average weighted mean of 2.8. This is parallel in the statement of

Registered Nursing.Org (2019), referrals are initiated by the nurses and other

members of the healthcare team in order to meet the needs of the patient at the

appropriate level of care and in the appropriate setting. Also, recommendations

to appropriate and timely referrals are included in many clinical practice

guidelines thus making some nurses stressed in doing so. (Edwards et al.,

2007).
 Table 11: Difference in the Level of Stress of the Respondents when
Classified According to Age, Gender, Years in Service, and
Employment Ward

Tabular Computed
Level of Null
df Value Value of Conclusion
Significance Hypothesis
of 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐
Level of Stress
12 0.05 21.026 32.296 Significant Rejected
- Age
Level of Stress
4 0.05 9.488 13.65 Significant Rejected
- Gender
Level of Stress
- Years in 12 0.05 21.026 27.9937 Significant Rejected
Service
Level of Stress
- Employment 12 0.05 21.026 28.6394 Significant Rejected
Ward

Table 11 shows the level of stress of the respondents when classified

according to age, gender, length of service, and employment ward.

Chi square was utilized in the study to test the difference between the
variables. The decision of accepting or rejecting the hypothesis was done by
comparing the computed value and the tabular value of the study at 0.05 level
of significance.

In terms of age, the level of stress of the respondents has a significant

difference when classified according to age where the computed value of 32.296
is greater than the tabular value of 21.026 at 0.05 level of significance at 12
degree of freedom thus leading to the rejection of null hypothesis. The study
formulated by Guo et, al. (2018) concerning “Perceived Job Stress Among
Community Nurses: A Multi- center- sectional Study” found out that those older
than 45 years old nurses were more likely to experience high level of stress.

In accordance to gender, the tabular value of x2 at 0.05 level of significance

at 4 degree of freedom is 9.488. This is lesser than the computed value of 13.65
which concluded that the level of stress of the respondents has a significant
difference when classified according to gender and resulted to the rejection of
null hypothesis. According to the study conducted by Lee et al. (2016) entitled
“Gender Differences in Job Stress and Coping Strategies Among Male and
Female Nurses”. The result of the study found out that male nurses have
experienced more job stress than female nurses.

Furthermore, the level of stress of the respondents has a significant

difference when classified according to lenght of service where the computed
value of 27.9937 is greater than the tabular value of 21.026 at 0.05 level of
significance and 12 degree of freedom thus leading to the rejection of null
hypothesis. A study conducted by Chang (2012) namely, “Stress, Depression,
and Intention to Leave Among Nurses in Different Medical Units: Implication for
Health Care Management-Nursing Practice” came up with a result and found out
the tenure of service was a significant predictor to the level of stress of nurses.

In relation to employment ward, the tabular value of x2 at 0.05 level of

significance at 12 degree of freedom is 21.026. This is lesser than the computed
value of 28.6394 which concluded that the level of stress of the respondents has
a significant difference when classified according to employment ward and
resulted to the rejection of null hypothesis. The study of Rama Masa (2016)
bearing the title ,“Perceived Stress in Nurses” uncovered that nurses who were
assigned in ICU received the highest stress.
 Table 12: Relationship Between the Respondents Job Stress and
Performance

Tabular Computed
Level of Null
df Value Value of Conclusion
Significance Hypothesis
of 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐
Level of Stress 3 0.05 7.815 25.465 Significant Rejected

To show the statistical conclusion in line with the hypothesis of no significant

relationship between the respondents level of job stress and performance, Table
12 is presented.

To test the relationship of variables, Chi square was utilized in accepting or

rejecting the hypothesis.

After computing the data by using 0.05 level of significance at a degree of 3

where the computed value of 25.465 is greater than the tabular value at 7.815
which resulted to the rejection of the null hypothesis. It revealed that the level of
stress is significant to the level of performance

A study conducted by Simanjorang et. Al (2015) entitled “The Influence of

Job Stress to Performance of Medan-Indonesia”. concluded that work stressors
have a significant influence to the performance of nurses.