Mimo (5G Ran2.1 - 03)

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter

Description
Issue 03
Date 2019-07-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description Contents
Contents
1 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 5G RAN2.1 03 (2019-07-20)..........................................................................................................................................1
1.2 5G RAN2.1 02 (2019-06-29)..........................................................................................................................................1
1.3 5G RAN2.1 01 (2019-06-06)..........................................................................................................................................1
1.4 5G RAN2.1 Draft D (2019-04-10)................................................................................................................................. 2
1.5 5G RAN2.1 Draft C (2019-03-18)................................................................................................................................. 2
1.6 5G RAN2.1 Draft B (2019-02-22)................................................................................................................................. 3
1.7 5G RAN2.1 Draft A (2018-12-30)................................................................................................................................. 3
2 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 General Statements......................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Features in This Document.............................................................................................................................................5
3 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Basic Functions of MIMO............................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Principles........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1.1 Uplink Receive Diversity............................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1.2 Downlink Beamforming.............................................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Network Analysis......................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Benefits...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2.2 Impacts.......................................................................................................................................................................11
4.3 Requirements................................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.3.1 Licenses..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3.2 Software.....................................................................................................................................................................12
4.3.3 Hardware................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3.4 Others.........................................................................................................................................................................12
4.4 Operation and Maintenance..........................................................................................................................................12
4.4.1 Data Configuration.................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4.1.1 Data Preparation..................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4.1.2 Using MML Commands......................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4.1.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4.2 Activation Verification.............................................................................................................................................. 13
4.4.3 Network Monitoring.................................................................................................................................................. 14
5 SU-MIMO..................................................................................................................................... 15
Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description Contents
5.1 Principles...................................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.2.1 Benefits...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.2 Impacts.......................................................................................................................................................................17
5.3 Requirements................................................................................................................................................................ 17
5.3.1 Licenses..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3.2 Software.....................................................................................................................................................................17
5.3.3 Hardware................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.3.4 Others.........................................................................................................................................................................18
5.4.1.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 19
6 MU-MIMO....................................................................................................................................21
6.1 Principles...................................................................................................................................................................... 21
6.2.1 Benefits...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.2.2 Impacts.......................................................................................................................................................................23
6.3 Requirements................................................................................................................................................................ 23
6.3.1 Licenses..................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.3.2 Software.....................................................................................................................................................................24
6.3.3 Hardware................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.3.4 Others.........................................................................................................................................................................25
6.4.1.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 26
7 Parameters..................................................................................................................................... 28
8 Counters........................................................................................................................................ 29
9 Glossary......................................................................................................................................... 30
10 Reference Documents............................................................................................................... 31
Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 1 Change History
1 Change History
This chapter describes changes not included in the "Parameters", "Counters", "Glossary", and
"Reference Documents" chapters. These changes include:
l Technical changes
Changes in functions and their corresponding parameters
l Editorial changes
Improvements or revisions to the documentation
1.1 5G RAN2.1 03 (2019-07-20)

This issue includes the following changes.
Technical Changes
None
Editorial Changes
Revised descriptions in this document.
1.2 5G RAN2.1 02 (2019-06-29)

Technical Changes
None
Editorial Changes
Reorganized this document and revised descriptions.
1.3 5G RAN2.1 01 (2019-06-06)

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

5G RAN
Technical Changes
Change Description Parameter Change Base Station Model
Enabled the MU-MIMO Basic None 3900 and 5900 series

Pairing feature to select UEs for base stations
pairing based on signal quality
fluctuation. For details, see 6.1
Principles.
Editorial Changes
Revised descriptions in this document.
1.4 5G RAN2.1 Draft D (2019-04-10)

Technical Changes
None
Editorial Changes
Moved the description of Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS to 4.1.2
Downlink Beamforming because this function is used for beamforming weight calculation.
1.5 5G RAN2.1 Draft C (2019-03-18)

Technical Changes
Enabled 3900 series base stations None 3900 series base stations
to support MIMO Basic Package,
SU-MIMO Multiple Layers, and
MU-MIMO Basic Pairing.
Enabled DBS3900 LampSite to None DBS3900 LampSite

support MIMO Basic Package and
SU-MIMO Multiple Layers.
Supported beamforming using None 3900 and 5900 series

PMI-based weights in MU-MIMO base stations
Basic Pairing. For details, see
Downlink MU Spatial
Multiplexing for PDSCHs.

5G RAN
Allowed beamforming using SRS- None 3900 and 5900 series

based weights for UEs that do not base stations
support antenna selection. For
details, see 4.1.3 Downlink
Adaptive Selection Between PMI
and SRS.
Editorial Changes
None
1.6 5G RAN2.1 Draft B (2019-02-22)

Technical Changes
None
Editorial Changes
Revised the description of MU-MIMO Basic Pairing. For details, see 6.1 Principles.
1.7 5G RAN2.1 Draft A (2018-12-30)

This issue introduces the following changes to 5G RAN2.0 02 (2018-10-30).
Technical Changes
Enabled DBS5900 LampSite to None DBS5900 LampSite

support FBFD-010003 MIMO
Basic Package and FOFD-010020
SU-MIMO Multiple Layers. This
base station model does not
support FOFD-010010 MU-
MIMO Basic Pairing. For details,
see:
l 4.3.3 Hardware
l 5.3.3 Hardware
l 6.3.3 Hardware

5G RAN
Modified FBFD-010003 MIMO None 5900 series base stations

Basic Package: Added Downlink
Adaptive Selection Between PMI
and SRS. For details, see 4.1.3
Downlink Adaptive Selection
Between PMI and SRS.
Modified FOFD-010010 MU- None 5900 series base stations

MIMO Basic Pairing. Enabled
64T64R and 32T32R gNodeBs to
support a maximum of eight
PUSCH layers in uplink MU
spatial multiplexing. For details,
see 6.1 Principles.
Editorial Changes
Changed parameter names. For l Changed the name of 5900 series base stations
details, see 6.4.1.1 Data NRDuCellPdsch.Ma
Preparation. xMimoLayerNum to
Downlink Maximum
MIMO Layer
Number Quota.
l Changed the name of
NRDuCellPusch.Ma
xMimoLayerCnt to
Uplink Maximum
MIMO Layer Count
Quota.
Revised descriptions in 6.4.1.2 None 5900 series base stations

Using MML Commands.

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 2 About This Document
2 About This Document
2.1 General Statements

Purpose
Feature Parameter Description documents are intended to acquaint readers with:
l The technical principles of features and their related parameters

l The scenarios where these features are used, the benefits they provide, and the impact
they have on networks and functions
l Requirements of the operating environment that must be met before feature activation
l Parameter configuration required for feature activation, verification of feature activation,
and monitoring of feature performance
NOTE
This document only provides guidance for feature activation. Feature deployment and feature
gains depend on the specifics of the network scenario where the feature is deployed. To achieve
the desired gains, contact Huawei professional service engineers.
Software Interfaces
Any parameters, alarms, counters, or managed objects (MOs) described in Feature Parameter
Description documents apply only to the corresponding software release. For future software
releases, refer to the corresponding updated product documentation.
2.2 Features in This Document

This document describes the following features.
Feature ID Feature Name Section
FBFD-010003 MIMO Basic Package 4 Basic Functions of MIMO
FOFD-010020 SU-MIMO Multiple Layers 5 SU-MIMO

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 2 About This Document
Feature ID Feature Name Section
FOFD-010010 MU-MIMO Basic Pairing 6 MU-MIMO

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 3 Overview
3 Overview
With the rapid development of wireless communications, higher and higher requirements are
imposed on system capacity and spectral efficiency. To meet these requirements, various
technologies emerge. Common technologies include extending system bandwidth and
increasing signal modulation order. However, expanding system bandwidth can increase only
system capacity but cannot effectively improve spectral efficiency; increasing modulation
order can improve spectral efficiency only to a limited extent on live networks because
modulation order is strongly correlated with signal quality.
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a technology that uses multiple antennas at the
transmitter or receiver in combination with signal processing techniques to multiply spectral
efficiency. The capability of MIMO to improve spectral efficiency is closely related to the
number of antennas.
5G MIMO greatly increases the number of antennas, evolving from 2T2R and 4T4R (the
main stream of LTE) to 32T32R and 64T64R. With massive-scale antennas, it offers diversity,
beamforming, and spatial multiplexing gains, increasing system capacity and spectral
efficiency.
l Receive diversity: It is used for uplink reception. For details, see 4 Basic Functions of
MIMO.
l Beamforming: It is used for downlink transmission. For details, see 4 Basic Functions
of MIMO.
l Spatial multiplexing
– For details about spatial multiplexing of a single UE's multiple data streams, see 5
SU-MIMO.
– For details about spatial multiplexing of multiple UEs' data streams in a cell, see 6
MU-MIMO.

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 4 Basic Functions of MIMO
4 Basic Functions of MIMO
4.1 Principles
gNodeBs can use receive diversity for uplink multiple-antenna reception and use
beamforming for downlink multiple-antenna transmission.
4.1.1 Uplink Receive Diversity

Figure 4-1 shows the principles of uplink receive diversity.
Figure 4-1 Principles of uplink receive diversity
The UE sends signal x, which passes through different channels to the gNodeB's antennas r1
to rM. The gNodeB applies a weight wi to each received signal, and then combines the
weighted signals into signal y. The combined signal can be expressed as follows:
y = W (Hx + N)
where
l W = (w1, ..., wM): 1xM vector composed of RX antenna weights.

5G RAN
l H = (h1, ..., hM)T: Mx1 vector composed of spatial channel coefficients. hi indicates the
coefficient of channel i, and T is a transpose operator. The channel coefficients are used
to obtain the signals that change in amplitude and phase after passing through channels.
l N = (n1, ..., nM)T: Mx1 vector composed of received noises.
l x: TX signal.
4.1.2 Downlink Beamforming

Downlink beamforming is a technique in which a gNodeB can weight a to-be-transmitted
signal to generate a directional narrow beam.
Figure 4-2 shows the weighting principle. The base station applies weights (w1, ..., wM) to the
signal at each logical antenna port to control the signal's phase and amplitude. It then sends
the weighted signals from multiple antennas. The output signals are superimposed, forming a
beam towards the UE. The more the antennas, the narrower the beam and the more flexible
the beam direction control.
Figure 4-2 Weighting
The weights (w1, ..., wM) are used to change the beamwidth and direction. They are calculated
based on downlink channel status.
There are two methods of weight calculation:
l Weight calculation based on sounding reference signal (SRS): The calculation procedure
is illustrated in Figure 4-3.
l Weight calculation based on precoding matrix indication (PMI): The calculation
procedure is illustrated in Figure 4-4.

5G RAN
Figure 4-3 SRS-based weight calculation
Figure 4-4 PMI-based weight calculation
The gNodeB supports Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS. This function
adaptively selects SRS- or PMI-based weights so that the weights can more accurately reflect
the quality of data channels, ensure data transmission, and increase the downlink throughput
of cell edge UEs. This function is controlled by the DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW option of
the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch parameter. When this option is
selected, the function is enabled. When this option is deselected, SRS- or PMI-based weights
are always selected for antenna-selection UEs based on the value of

5G RAN
NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType and PMI-based weights are always selected for non-

antenna-selection UEs.
PMI-based weights are always used for 2T2R and 4T4R cells.
4.2 Network Analysis
4.2.1 Benefits
Using more TX and RX antennas increases array, diversity, and beamforming gains, as shown
in Figure 4-5, Figure 4-6, and Figure 4-7. This results in larger cell capacity, more flexible
coverage directions, and wider coverage scope. 32T32R and 64T64R can provide three-
dimensional coverage.
Figure 4-5 Array gain
Figure 4-6 Diversity gain
Figure 4-7 Beamforming gain
4.2.2 Impacts
None

5G RAN
4.3 Requirements
4.3.1 Licenses
None
4.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
Mutually Exclusive Functions

None
4.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models

l 3900 and 5900 series base stations. 3900 series base stations must be configured with the
BBU3910.
l DBS3900 LampSite and DBS5900 LampSite. DBS3900 LampSite must be configured
with the BBU3910.
Boards
All NR-capable main control boards and baseband processing units support this function. To
learn which main control boards and baseband processing units are NR-capable, see 3900
Series BBU Technical Specifications or BBU5900 Technical Specifications in 3900 & 5900
Series Base Station Product Documentation.
RF Modules
All NR-capable AAUs/RRUs/pRRUs support this function. For details about NR-capable
AAUs/RRUs/pRRUs, see the following documents in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station
Product Documentation:
l AAU Technical Specifications
l RRU Technical Specifications
l LampSite pRRU&RRU Technical Specifications
4.3.4 Others
None
4.4 Operation and Maintenance

5G RAN
4.4.1 Data Configuration
4.4.1.1 Data Preparation

This function does not need to be activated. Table 4-1 describes the required parameters.
Table 4-1 Required parameters

Parameter Parameter ID Option Setting Notes
Name
Transmit and NRDuCellTrp. None Set this parameter based on the

Receive Mode TxRxMode numbers of TX and RX antennas
of an RF module.
Adaptive Edge NRDUCellAlg DL_PMI_SRS_ Select this option.

Experience oSwitch.Adapti ADAPT_SW
Enhance Switch veEdgeExpEnh
Switch
4.4.1.2 Using MML Commands

//Setting the TX/RX mode of a cell
MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=0, NrDuCellId=0, TxRxMode=64T64R;
//Configuring Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0,
AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch=DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW-1;
4.4.1.3 Using the CME

For detailed operations, see CME-based Feature Configuration.
4.4.2 Activation Verification

NR cells are multi-antenna cells by default. The basic functions of MIMO do not require
additional activation verification. The following describes how to verify the activation of
Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS:
Step 1 Log in to the U2020 to start a monitoring task.
Step 2 Choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management.
Step 3 In the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace Management tab page, choose NR > Cell
Performance Monitoring > Downlink Multi-User MIMO Monitoring, select the
corresponding base station and cell, and check the following monitoring items:
l Average Number of Scheduled PMI Weight User
l Average Number of Scheduled SRS Weight User

5G RAN
Table 4-2 Verifying the activation of Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and
SRS
If... Then...
SRS-based weights are used before the If the value of Average Number of
activation of Downlink Adaptive Scheduled PMI Weight User after the
Selection Between PMI and SRS activation of Downlink Adaptive
Selection Between PMI and SRS is
greater than 0, this function has taken
effect.
PMI-based weights are used before the If the value of Average Number of
activation of Downlink Adaptive Scheduled SRS Weight User after the
Selection Between PMI and SRS activation of Downlink Adaptive
Selection Between PMI and SRS is
greater than 0, this function has taken
effect.
----End
4.4.3 Network Monitoring

NR cells are multi-antenna cells by default. The basic functions of MIMO do not require
additional network monitoring.

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 5 SU-MIMO
5 SU-MIMO
5.1 Principles
Overview
Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) is a multi-antenna technique that implements spatial
multiplexing of time-frequency resources for a single UE. It applies to PUSCH and PDSCH.
It enables multi-layer data transmission, as shown in Figure 5-1, and increases the single UE
peak rate in both uplink and downlink.
Figure 5-1 SU-MIMO
Uplink SU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the UL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw parameter. The maximum number of
PUSCH spatial multiplexing layers in a cell is specified by the
NRDuCellPusch.MaxMimoLayerCnt parameter.
The maximum number of PUSCH layers for a single UE is related to the number of TX and
RX antennas, as listed in Table 5-1.

5G RAN
Table 5-1 Maximum number of PUSCH layers for a single UE
Number of gNodeB RX Number of UE TX Maximum Number of

Antennas Antennas PUSCH Layers for a
Single UE
64R 2T 2
32R 2T 2
8R 2T 2
4R 2T 2
2R 2T 2
Downlink SU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw parameter. The maximum number of
PDSCH spatial multiplexing layers in a cell is specified by the
NRDuCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum parameter.
The maximum number of PDSCH layers for a single UE is related to the number of TX and
RX antennas, as listed in Table 5-2.
Table 5-2 Maximum number of PDSCH layers for a single UE
Number of gNodeB TX Number of UE RX Maximum Number of

Antennas Antennas PDSCH Layers for a
Single UE
64T 4R 4
32T 4R 4
8T 4R 4
4T 4R 4
2T 4R 2
5.2.1 Benefits
SU-MIMO provides the following benefits:
l Uplink SU-MIMO
If a UE supports uplink data transmission over N layers, its uplink peak rate is
theoretically N times that of data transmission over a single layer.

5G RAN
l Downlink SU-MIMO
If a UE supports downlink data transmission over N layers, its downlink peak rate is
theoretically N times that of data transmission over a single layer.
5.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
None
Function Impacts
None
5.3 Requirements
5.3.1 Licenses
Feature ID Feature Name Model Sales Unit
FOFD-010020 SU-MIMO Multiple NR0S0PREUM00 per Cell

Layers
The maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers cannot exceed the number of licensed
layers (one license unit corresponds to two layers).
Model Description Sales Unit
NR0S0DLEPU0 Massive MIMO DL 2-Layers Extended Processing per 2 Layers per

0 Unit License (NR) Cell
NR0S0ULEPU0 Massive MIMO UL 2-Layers Extended Processing per 2 Layers per

5.3.2 Software
None

None

5G RAN
5.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
l 3900 and 5900 series base stations. 3900 series base stations must be configured with the
BBU3910.
l DBS3900 LampSite and DBS5900 LampSite. DBS3900 LampSite must be configured
with the BBU3910.
Boards
RF Modules
All NR-capable AAUs/RRUs/pRRUs support this function. For details about NR-capable
AAUs/RRUs/pRRUs, see the following documents in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station
Product Documentation:
l LampSite pRRU&RRU Technical Specifications
5.3.4 Others
Cells must not be supplementary uplink (SUL) cells. That is, the NRDUCell.DuplexMode
parameter must not be set to CELL_SUL. The following describes the reason.
SUL cells do not support downlink SU-MIMO as such cells do not have downlink channels.
In addition, SUL cells do not support uplink SU-MIMO according to 3GPP Release15.
Therefore, SU-MIMO does not take effect in SUL cells.

Table 5-3 describes the parameters used for function activation.

5G RAN
Table 5-3 Parameters used for activation

Name
SU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg l DL_SU_M It is recommended that both

Multiple Layers oSwitch.SuMi ULTI_LAY options be selected.
Switch moMultipleLay ER_SW
erSw l UL_SU_M
ULTI_LAY
ER_SW
Downlink NRDuCellPdsc None The default value is recommended.

Maximum h.MaxMimoLa
MIMO Layer yerNum
Number Quota
Uplink NRDuCellPusc None The default value is recommended.

Maximum h.MaxMimoLa
MIMO Layer yerCnt
Count Quota
Activation Command Examples

//Enabling uplink and downlink SU-MIMO
SuMimoMultipleLayerSw=DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-1&UL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-1;
Deactivation Command Examples

//Disabling uplink and downlink SU-MIMO
SuMimoMultipleLayerSw=DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-0&UL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-0;


Check whether SU-MIMO is enabled by starting a monitoring task on the U2020:
Step 1 Log in to the U2020. Choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management.
Step 2 In the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace window, choose User Performance
Monitoring > User Common Monitoring to start a monitoring task for a UE.
NOTE
In the User Common Monitoring dialog box, you are advised to set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value
or STMSI in non-standalone (NSA) networking and set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value or 5G-
STMSI in standalone (SA) networking.
Step 3 Observe the monitoring items in Table 5-4.

5G RAN
Table 5-4 SU-MIMO activation verification

Function Monitoring Item Description
Uplink SU- Code0 UL Average This function has taken effect if the following
MIMO Layer Num condition is met: 1 < Code0 UL Average Layer
Num < min (Number of gNodeB RX antennas,
Number of UE TX antennas).
Downlink SU- l Code0 DL This function has taken effect if the following
MIMO Average Layer condition is met: 1 < (Code0 DL Average
Num Layer Num + Code1 DL Average Layer Num)
l Code1 DL < min (Number of gNodeB TX antennas,
Average Layer Number of UE RX antennas).
Num
----End

Checking the Average UE Throughput
Check the average uplink UE throughput increase for uplink SU-MIMO, and check the
average downlink UE throughput increase for downlink SU-MIMO.
l Average uplink UE throughput = N.ThpVol.UL/N.ThpTime.UL
l Average downlink UE throughput = N.ThpVol.DL/N.ThpTime.DL
Checking the Single-UE Throughput

Check the single-UE throughput increase after function activation using real-time monitoring
items on the U2020.
l For uplink SU-MIMO: Choose User Performance Monitoring > User Common
Monitoring > Uplink MAC Throughput(bps). Compare the uplink MAC throughput
before and after the function is enabled.
l For downlink SU-MIMO: Choose User Performance Monitoring > User Common
Monitoring > Downlink MAC Throughput(bps). Compare the downlink MAC
throughput before and after the function is enabled.
NOTE
In the User Common Monitoring dialog box, you are advised to set UEID Type to 5G-Random
Value or STMSI in non-standalone (NSA) networking and set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value
or 5G-STMSI in standalone (SA) networking.

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 6 MU-MIMO
6 MU-MIMO
6.1 Principles
Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) implements spatial multiplexing of time-frequency resources
for multiple UEs in both uplink and downlink. When multiple UEs share the same time-
frequency resources, as shown in Figure 6-1, the more orthogonal the channels between UEs,
the smaller the interference and the higher the capacity and spectral efficiency in both uplink
and downlink.
Figure 6-1 MU-MIMO
UE Pairing Principles
UE pairing is a process of selecting multiple UEs for spatial multiplexing of time-frequency
resources. The UE pairing principles are as follows:
l If UEs have good signal quality (for example, high SINR and small signal fluctuation)
and low channel correlation, inter-UE interference can be effectively reduced and the
UEs can be paired. In this situation, MU-MIMO can increase system capacity.

5G RAN
l If UEs have poor signal quality (for example, low SINR or large signal fluctuation) and
high channel correlation, inter-UE interference cannot be effectively reduced. In this
situation, MU-MIMO may decrease system throughput and therefore UE pairing is not
recommended.
Spatial Multiplexing on Different Channels

Spatial multiplexing on PDSCH, PDCCH, and PUSCH is supported by MU-MIMO.
l MU-MIMO on PDSCH
This function is controlled by the DL_MU_MIMO_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch parameter.
The maximum number of PDSCH spatial multiplexing layers in a cell is specified by the
NRDuCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum parameter.
l MU-MIMO on PDCCH
This function is controlled by the PDCCH_MU_SW option of the
The maximum number of PDCCH spatial multiplexing layers in a cell is specified by the
NRDUCellPdcch.MaxPairLayerNum parameter.
l MU-MIMO on PUSCH
This function is controlled by the UL_MU_MIMO_SW option of the
The maximum number of PUSCH spatial multiplexing layers in a cell is specified by the
NRDuCellPusch.MaxMimoLayerCnt parameter.
Table 6-1 lists the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs.
Table 6-1 Maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs
Number of Maximum Maximum Maximum Number of
gNodeB Number of Number of PUSCH Layers for
Antennas PDSCH Layers for PDCCH Layers Multiple UEs
Multiple UEs for Multiple
UEs
64T64R 16 4 8
32T32R 16 4 8
8T8R 4 Not supported 4

NOTE
The maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers allowed in a cell is limited by the number of layers
supported by the baseband resources of the cell. The gNodeB allocates sufficient baseband resources to
the cell for data transmission on more layers only when the PRB usage of the cell is high.
In MU-MIMO on PDSCH, the MCSs of paired UEs in movement can be adjusted based on
CQIs to better match the actual channel quality and increase the UE throughput and cell
throughput. This downlink mobile MU enhancement function is controlled by the
DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw parameter. In low frequency bands,
only 64T64R gNodeBs support downlink mobile MU enhancement.

5G RAN
6.2.1 Benefits
It is recommended that MU-MIMO be enabled to increase cell throughput when cell load is
high, that is, when either of the following conditions is met:
l The uplink or downlink physical resource block (PRB) usage is high. For example, the
usage is greater than or equal to 50%.
l The number of active UEs in the uplink or downlink is high. For example, the maximum
number of active UEs in the downlink in a cell (indicated by
N.User.RRCConn.Active.DL.Max) or the maximum number of active UEs in the
uplink in a cell (indicated by N.User.RRCConn.Active.UL.Max) is greater than or
equal to 3.
The cell throughput gain is related to the number of spatial multiplexing layers. The more the
layers, the higher the gain. Assume that full buffer services are performed in a cell and the
number of spatial multiplexing layers is N. Then, the cell throughput is theorectially N times
that obtained before the function is enabled.
6.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
None
Function Impacts
Function Function Reference Description
Switch
Basic functions None Scheduling When MU-MIMO on PUSCH is

of uplink enabled, the uplink discontinuous
scheduling scheduling function cannot take
effect. This function is a basic
function of uplink scheduling
controlled by the
UL_NON_CON_SCH_SW
option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UlInconse
cutiveSchSwitch parameter.
6.3 Requirements

5G RAN
6.3.1 Licenses
Feature ID Feature Name Model Sales Unit
FOFD-010010 MU-MIMO Basic Pairing NR0S00MUMM00 Per Cell
The maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers cannot exceed the number of licensed
layers (one license unit corresponds to two layers).
Model Description Sales Unit
NR0S0DLEPU0 Massive MIMO DL 2-Layers Extended Processing per 2 Layers per

NR0S0ULEPU0 Massive MIMO UL 2-Layers Extended Processing per 2 Layers per

6.3.2 Software
None

None
6.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models

3900 and 5900 series base stations. 3900 series base stations must be configured with the
BBU3910.
Boards
RF Modules
AAUs/RRUs must support NR. 2T2R and 4T4R RF modules do not support this function
while the other RF modules support. For NR-capable AAUs/RRUs, see the following
documents in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.

5G RAN
6.3.4 Others
None

Table 6-2 describes the parameters used for function activation.
Table 6-2 Parameters used for activation

Name
Transmit and NRDuCellTrp. None Set this parameter based on the

Receive Mode TxRxMode actually used AAU/RRU model.
MU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg l UL_MU_MI It is recommended that all three

Switch oSwitch.MuMi MO_SW options be selected.
moSwitch l PDCCH_M
U_SW
l DL_MU_MI
MO_SW
Downlink NRDuCellPdsc None Set this parameter based on

Maximum h.MaxMimoLa network load. In heavy load
MIMO Layer yerNum scenarios, you can set a large
Number Quota number of layers to increase
capacity.
Uplink NRDuCellPusc None Set this parameter based on

Maximum h.MaxMimoLa network load. In heavy load
MIMO Layer yerCnt scenarios, you can set a large
Count Quota number of layers to increase
capacity.
Maximum NRDUCellPdc None Retain the default value. In heavy

Pairing Layer ch.MaxPairLay load scenarios, you can set a large
Number erNum number of layers to increase
capacity. In light load scenarios,
you can set a small number of
layers to improve coverage.

5G RAN

Name
UE Feature NRDUCellAlg DL_MOBILE_ It is recommended that this option

Based Pairing oSwitch.UeFea MU_ENH_SW be selected.
Enhancement tureBasedPair
Switch EnhSw
Activation Command Examples

MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=0, NrDuCellId=0, TxRxMode=64T64R;
MuMimoSwitch=UL_MU_MIMO_SW-1&PDCCH_MU_SW-1&DL_MU_MIMO_SW-1;
//Setting the maximum number of PDSCH spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxMimoLayerNum=LAYER_2;
//Setting the maximum number of PDCCH spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs
MOD NRDUCELLPDCCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxPairLayerNum=LAYER_2;
//Activating downlink mobile MU enhancement
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH:
NrDuCellId=0,UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw=DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW-1;
//Setting the maximum number of PUSCH spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs
MOD NRDUCELLPUSCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxMimoLayerCnt=LAYER_2;
Deactivation Command Examples

MuMimoSwitch=UL_MU_MIMO_SW-0&PDCCH_MU_SW-0&DL_MU_MIMO_SW-0;
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH:
NrDuCellId=0,UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw=DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW-0;


Step 1 Log in to the U2020. Choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management.
Step 2 In the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace Management tab page on the left, choose NR >
Cell Performance Monitoring > Downlink Multi-User MIMO Monitoring or NR > Cell
Performance Monitoring > Uplink Multi-User MIMO Monitoring, select the
corresponding base station and cell, and check the monitoring items listed in Table 6-3. If the
value of a monitoring item is greater than 1, the corresponding function has taken effect.
Table 6-3 MU MIMO monitoring items
Monitoring Item Description
Max Number of DL If the value is greater than 1, MU-MIMO on PDSCH has

Transmission Pair Layers taken effect.

5G RAN
Monitoring Item Description
Max Number of UL If the value is greater than 1, MU-MIMO on PUSCH has

Transmission Pair Layers taken effect.
----End

After function activation, the uplink and downlink cell throughput will increase.
l Uplink cell throughput = N.ThpVol.UL.Cell / N.ThpTime.UL.Cell
l Downlink cell throughput = N.ThpVol.DL.Cell / N.ThpTime.DL.Cell

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 7 Parameters
7 Parameters
The following hyperlinked EXCEL files of parameter reference match the software version
with which this document is released.
l Node Parameter Reference: contains device and transport parameters.
l gNodeBFunction Parameter Reference: contains all parameters related to radio access
functions, including air interface management, access control, mobility control, and radio
resource management.
NOTE
You can find the EXCEL files of parameter reference for the software version used on the live network
from the product documentation delivered with that version.
FAQ: How do I find the parameters related to a certain feature from parameter
reference?
Step 1 Open the EXCEL file of parameter reference.
Step 2 On the Parameter List sheet, filter the Feature ID column. Click Text Filters and choose
Contains. Enter the feature ID, for example, FBFD-020100.
Step 3 Click OK. All parameters related to the feature are displayed.
----End

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 8 Counters
8 Counters
The following hyperlinked EXCEL files of performance counter reference match the software
version with which this document is released.
l Node Performance Counter Summary: contains device and transport counters.
l gNodeBFunction Performance Counter Summary: contains all counters related to radio
access functions, including air interface management, access control, mobility control,
and radio resource management.
NOTE
You can find the EXCEL files of performance counter reference for the software version used on the live
network from the product documentation delivered with that version.
FAQ: How do I find the counters related to a certain feature from performance counter
reference?
Step 1 Open the EXCEL file of performance counter reference.
Step 2 On the Counter Summary(En) sheet, filter the Feature ID column. Click Text Filters and
choose Contains. Enter the feature ID, for example, FBFD-020100.
Step 3 Click OK. All counters related to the feature are displayed.
----End

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 9 Glossary
9 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.

5G RAN
MIMO Feature Parameter Description 10 Reference Documents
10 Reference Documents
l Documents in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation:

– BBU5900 Hardware Description
– 3900 Series BBU Hardware Description
– AAU Technical Specifications
– RRU Technical Specifications
– LampSite pRRU&RRU Technical Specifications
l Scheduling

Mimo (5G Ran2.1 - 03)

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MIMO Feature Parameter

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Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

2 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 5

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii

1.1 5G RAN2.1 03 (2019-07-20)

1.2 5G RAN2.1 02 (2019-06-29)

1.3 5G RAN2.1 01 (2019-06-06)

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

Enabled the MU-MIMO Basic None 3900 and 5900 series

1.4 5G RAN2.1 Draft D (2019-04-10)

1.5 5G RAN2.1 Draft C (2019-03-18)

Enabled DBS3900 LampSite to None DBS3900 LampSite

Supported beamforming using None 3900 and 5900 series

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2

Change Description Parameter Change Base Station Model

Allowed beamforming using SRS- None 3900 and 5900 series

1.6 5G RAN2.1 Draft B (2019-02-22)

1.7 5G RAN2.1 Draft A (2018-12-30)

Enabled DBS5900 LampSite to None DBS5900 LampSite

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3

Change Description Parameter Change Base Station Model

Modified FBFD-010003 MIMO None 5900 series base stations

Modified FOFD-010010 MU- None 5900 series base stations

Revised descriptions in 6.4.1.2 None 5900 series base stations

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4

2 About This Document

2.1 General Statements

l The technical principles of features and their related parameters

2.2 Features in This Document

Feature ID Feature Name Section

FBFD-010003 MIMO Basic Package 4 Basic Functions of MIMO

FOFD-010020 SU-MIMO Multiple Layers 5 SU-MIMO

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5

Feature ID Feature Name Section

FOFD-010010 MU-MIMO Basic Pairing 6 MU-MIMO

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7

4 Basic Functions of MIMO

4.1.1 Uplink Receive Diversity

Figure 4-1 Principles of uplink receive diversity

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8

4.1.2 Downlink Beamforming

Figure 4-2 Weighting

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 9

Figure 4-3 SRS-based weight calculation

Figure 4-4 PMI-based weight calculation

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 10

NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType and PMI-based weights are always selected for non-

4.2 Network Analysis

Figure 4-5 Array gain

Figure 4-6 Diversity gain

Figure 4-7 Beamforming gain

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 11

Mutually Exclusive Functions

Base Station Models

4.4 Operation and Maintenance

Issue 03 (2019-07-20) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 12

4.4.1 Data Configuration