Ramjet, Scramjet, Turbojet, and Turbofan Engines

hth = Power imparted to engine airflow

Rate of energy supplied in the fuel
(2.12)
It is easy to note that the denominator in Equation 2.5a is equal to the numerator in
Equation 2.12.
For a ramjet and turbojet engine: Using the first expression for the propulsive efficiency,
the following expression for (ηth) is obtained:
hth
ae
fR
Tu m f u u
mQ
=
+ 1 ( + )( - )
2
1 2_
_
(2.13)
where (QR) is the heat of reaction of the fuel used. Other names for QR are the calorific
value of fuel [8] or the lower heating value (LHV) [3]. It is also alternatively written
as QHV.
Assuming an unchoked nozzle, then
____
___
W m m U mU
m m U mU
out a f e a
th
afea
=
=
+( ) - éë
ùû
+( ) - éë
ùû
1
2
1
2
22
22
h
m_ Q
fUU
fQ
fR
th
e
R
h=
+( ) - éë
ùû
1
2
22
(2.14a)
For an unchoked nozzle and negligible (f), then
hth
e
R
uu
fQ
= - 22
2
(2.14b)
For a two-stream engine (turbofan and propfan), the following expression is employed:
hth
h eh c ec
fR
Tu m f u u m u u
mQ
=
+ 1 ( + )( - ) + ( - )
2
1
1
2
22_ _
_
(2.15)
Similarly, assuming unchoked nozzles and negligible (f), we get
h
bb
th
eh ec
R
uuu
fQ
=
2 + 2 - (1+ ) 2
2
(2.16)
98 Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines
2.4.2.2 Turboprop and Turboshaft Engines
The output of a turboprop or turboshaft engine is largely a shaft power. In this case, thermal
efficiency is defined as
hth
fR
SP
mQ
=
_
(2.17)