Law - It is the system of rules and regulations by which society functions efficiently and

harmoniously. The legal system protects the rights and responsibilities of both individuals and
groups, and ensures social and economic interactions are conducted smoothly and peacefully.
Essentially, laws serve as the primary mediator of relations between people.

TYPES OF LAWS
Natural or Moral Laws
Natural laws are the belief that certain laws of morality are inherited by human nature,
reason, or religious belief, and they are ethically binding on humanity.
It is a philosophy that is based on the idea that “right” and “wrong” are universal
concepts, as mankind finds certain things to be useful and good, and other things to be bad,
destructive, or evil.
Examples: The law of reasons, the laws of eternal
Scientific Laws
Scientific laws are statements that describes an observable occurrence (seen by
everybody) in nature that appears to always be true.
They are not the creation of men and cannot be changed by them.
Examples: The law of gravitation, laws of planetary motion
Imperative Laws
Imperative laws means rules of action imposed upon mere by some authority which
enforces obedience to it. The main exponent of this type of law was John Austin. He proposed
the theory of Imperative Law.
There are two kinds of Imperative laws; Divine or Human

 Divine Law - is any law that is understood as deriving from a transcendent source,
such as the will of God or gods, in contrast to man-made law. Divine laws are
typically regarded as superior to man-made laws sometimes due to an
understanding that their source has resources beyond human knowledge and
human reason.
 Human Law - is law that is made by humans, usually considered in opposition to
concepts like natural law or divine law.
Common Laws
Also known as “case laws” or “case precedent”, are based on court or tribunal decisions,
which govern future decision on similar cases.
Common law is the term used to refer to the laws that are developed through decisions
of the court, rather than by relying solely on statutes or regulations.
Criminal Laws
Criminal laws refer to the actual laws, statutes, and rules that define acts and conduct as
crimes, and establishes punishments for each type of crime. They are Imperative laws.
Criminal laws are the area of the local, state, and federal laws that define criminal acts
and offenses, governs the arrest, detention, charging, and prosecution of accused offenders,
and sets specific punishment.
Civil Laws
Civil laws are the body of laws that govern ordinary private matters, separate from laws
presiding over criminal, military, or political matters.
Civil laws govern private or civil rights providing redress for wrongs by compensating the
person or entity that has been wronged rather than punishing the wrongdoer.
Procedural Laws
Procedural law is a body of law that sets forth the methods, rules, and procedure for
court cases.
In order to help ensure that the laws are applied fairly, there are certain rules and
procedures that must be enforced when a court hears any case, whether civil or criminal. This
set of laws, and procedures is known as “procedural law”
National Laws
National laws are the laws by which the people are governed by the state. It is further
classified into constitutional laws and ordinary laws.
International Laws
International laws are the set of rules generally regarded and accepted in relations
between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international
relations.