8 STAGES OF  Concrete

PSYCHOLOGICAL operational
DEVELOPMENT stage
1) Hope, Basic trust vs.  Testing for
basic mistrust concrete
2) Will, Autonomy vs. operations
Shame  Formal
Sigmund Freud 3) Purpose, Initiative operational
vs. Guilt stage
Born : Sigismund 4) Competence,  Experiments
Schlomo Freud Industry vs. 1. Postulated
6 May 1856 Inferiority physical
Freiberg in Mähren, 5) Fidelity, Identity vs. mechanisms
Moravia, Austrian Role Confusion underlying
Empire (now Příbor, 6) Love, Intimacy vs. schemas and
Czech Republic) isolation stages
Died: 23 September 7) Care, Generativity 2. Relation to
1939 (aged 83) vs. stagnation psychometric
Nationality: Austrian 8) Wisdom, Ego theories of
Alma mater: University integrity vs. despair. intelligence
of Vienna (MD, March 3. Challenges to
1881) Piagetian stage
Knownfor: theory
4. Post-Piagetian
Psychoanalysis and neo-Piagetian
stages
SIGMUND FREUD
THREE
FUNDAMENTAL Born: Jean William
STRUCTURE OF THE Fritz Piaget
HUMAN MIND : 9 August 1896
Neuchâtel, Switzerland
 The Id Died: 16 September
 The Superego 1980 (aged 84) Lawrence Kohlberg
 The Ego. Geneva, Switzerland was an American
Alma mater: University psychologist best known
Criticism of Freud’s of Neuchâtel for his theory of stages
Theories Knownfor: of moral development.
Constructivism,
 Narrow Focus Genevan School, genetic Born: 25 October
 No Scientific epistemology, theory of 1927, Bronxville, New
Basis cognitive York, United States
 Misogyny development, object Died: 19 January
permanence, 1987, Winthrop,
egocentrism Massachusetts, United
States
PIAGET Known for: Lawrence
DEVELOPMENTAL Kohlberg's stages of
STAGES THEORY: moral development
1 Nature of
intelligence: operative Kohlberg’s stages of
Erik Homburger and figurative moral development
Erikson (born Erik
Salomonsen; 15 June  Assimilation and Level 1:
1902 – 12 May 1994) Accommodation Preconventional
was a German-  Sensorimotor
American developmental stage Stage 1: Obedience-and-
psychologist and  Pre-operational Punishment Orientation
psychoanalyst known stage Stage 2: Instrumental
for his theory on  Symbolic Orientation
“psychological function Level 2: Conventional
development of substage Stage 3: Good Boy, Nice
human beings”.  Intuitive Girl Orientation
thought Stage 4: Law-and-Order
substage Orientation
Level 3: 1. Children  Bioecological
Postconventional Construction their model
Stage 5: Social- knowledge. Ecosystem
Contract Orientation 2. Development cannot  Ecosystem
Stage 6: Universal- be separated from its ecology
Ethical-Principal social context.  Systems ecology
Orientation 3. Learning is Systems
Mediated. psychology
4. Language plays a Theoretical
central role in mental ecology.
development.

TWO TYPES MENTAL

FUNCTION
Lev Vygotsky was a
Soviet psychologist, the 1) Lower Mental
founder of an Function
unfinished Marxist 2) Higher Mental
theory of human Function
cultural and bio-social
,
development
sometimes referred to
as "sociocultural
theory"
Born: 17 November
1896, Orsha, Belarus
Died: 11 June Urie
1934, Moscow, Russia Bronfenbrenner
was a Russian-born
Fullname: Lev American
Semyonovich psychologist who is
Vygotsky most known for his
Education: Shaniavskii ecological systems
Moscow City People's theory.
University (1913– Born: 29 April 1917,
1917), MORE Moscow, Russia
Knownfor: Cultural- Died: 25 September
historical 2005, Ithaca New
psychology, Zone York, United States
ofproximal Known for:
development, Intraperso Ecological systems
nal communication theory, co-founder of
the Head Start
TWO MAIN program
PRINCIPLES
The five systems are
1. The More Social ecological
Knowledgeable model §
other (MKO) Bronfenbrenner's
2. Zone of proximal ecological framework
Develpoment for human
development
TWO FEATURE OF
(ZPD)  Microsystem
1. SCAFFOLDING  Mesosystem
2. RECIPROCAL  Exosystem
TEACHING  Macrosystem
 Chronosystem
4 BASIC
PRINCIPLES
UNDERLYING
OTHER
THE VYGOSTKI
FRAMEWORK BRONFENBRE
NNER’S
THEORY