ETHICS AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

Student: Buradel (Vladuceanu) Andreea

1. Summarizing without plagiarizing:
Original source:
On April 26, 1986, at 1:23:58, a series of explosions destroyed the reactor in the building
that housed Energy Block #4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station. The catastrophe at
Chernobyl became the largest technological disaster of the twentieth century.
For tiny Belarus (population: 10 million), it was a national disaster. During the Second
World War, the Nazis destroyed 619 Belarussian villages along with their inhabitants. As a result
of Chernobyl, the country lost 485 villages and settlements. Of these, 70 have been forever buried
underground. During the war, one out of every four Belarussians was killed; today, one out of
every five Belarussians lives on contaminated land. This amounts to 2.1 million people, of whom
700,000 are children. Among the demographic factors responsible for the depopulation of Belarus,
radiation is number one. In the Gomel and Mogilev regions, which suffered the most from
Chernobyl, mortality rates exceed birth rates by 20%.
- Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive
Press, London, 2005, p. 1-2
Summary:
Source: Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005, p.
1-2
Svetlana Alexievich states that wars and radiation from Nuclear Power Stations have
considerably diminished the number of inhabitants in Belarus. Moreover, some of the current
population still lives on land that is affected by radioactive residues caused by the Chernobyl
explosion in 1986. (Voices from Chernobyl)

2. Paraphrasing without plagiarizing:

Source: Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005, p.
1-2
Belarusian investigative journalist and essayist Svetlana Alexievich points out that there
are two major causes for the reduced number of population in Belarus: the annihilation produced
by the Nazis in World War II and the explosion in Chernobyl that have dramatically changed the
demographic situation in the country. Even if 34 years have passed since the nuclear explosion the
effects can still be felt throughout the country as large areas of land remain contaminated to this
day. The loss of villages inflicted by war was immense but the token that radiation takes is grater
as it continues to affect the lives of the current inhabitants of Belarus. (Voices from Chernobyl)
3. Using quotation marks to avoid plagiarizing
Source: Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005, p.
1-2
Svetlana Alexievich talks about the current situation in Belarus and has concluded that
“Among the demographic factors responsible for the depopulation of Belarus, radiation is number
one.” (Voices from Chernobyl)

4. Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism

In-text citation:
Belarusian investigative journalist and essayist Svetlana Alexievich points out that there
are two major causes for the reduced number of population in Belarus: the annihilation produced
by the Nazis in World War II and the explosion in Chernobyl have dramatically changed the
demographic situation in the country. (Voices from Chernobyl)
Entry in the list of works cited:
Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005, p.
1-2

5. Introducing summaries and paraphrases:

Source: Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005, p.
1-2
Summary:
Svetlana Alexievich states that wars and radiation from Nuclear Power Stations have
considerably diminished the number of inhabitants in Belarus and even some of the current
population still lives on land that is affected by radioactive residues caused by the Chernobyl
explosion in 1986. (Voices from Chernobyl)
Paraphrase:
Belarusian investigative journalist and essayist Svetlana Alexievich points out that there
are two major causes for the reduced number of population in Belarus, : the annihilation produced
by the Nazis in World War II and the explosion in Chernobyl have dramatically changed the
demographic situation in the country. Even if 34 years have passed from the nuclear explosion the
effects can still be felt throughout the country as large areas of land remain contaminated to this
day. The loss of villages inflicted by war was immense but the token that radiation takes is major
as it continues to affect the lives of the current inhabitants of Belarus. (Voices from Chernobyl)
7. Indirect source (source quoted in another source):
Source: O’Keeffe, Anne, “Investigating Media Discourse”, Routledge, London, 2006, p 32

Bakhtin considers that “. . . even serious linguistics . . . have failed to understand the nature of
utterances because they adopt a passive model of meaning and understanding” (qtd. in O’Keeffe
32)

8. No author listed
a. Article or other short work
Source: "Chernobyl Disaster", World History, Newspapers.com, n.d., Web, January 28, 2020

The consequences of the Chernobyl explosion in 1986 were to be felt by a number of

countries in Europe as there were large parts of the continent that were to feel the harming effects
that radioactivity has on the citizens. (Newspapers.com)

c. Book, entire Web site, or other long work

Source: History, A&E Television Networks, February 9, 2010, Web, January 29, 2020
Records show that “An estimated 5,000 Soviet citizens eventually died from cancer
and other radiation-induced illnesses caused by their exposure to the Chernobyl radiation,
and millions more had their health adversely affected.” (History.com)

9. Two or more works by the same author

Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005
- - -. “Chernobyl Prayer: A Chronicle of the Future”, Penguin Modern Classics, 2016

10. Editor or translator:

Keith Gessen, Keith, trans. “Voices from Chernobyl”, Dalkey Archive Press, London, 2005

11. Author with editor or translator:

Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Trans. Gessen Keith, Dalkey Archive Press,
London, 2005
13. Article in a journal:
a. Print
Chang, Kenneth, “Jupiter’s Great Red Spot Isn’t Dead Yet”, The New York Times, 25 Nov. 2019:
D2, Print

b. Online journal:
Kipen, David, "Interpreting Indian Culture with Stories," in the San Francisco Chronicle, June 24,
1999, p. E-1, Web, 6 Jan. 2020

14. Books and other long works:

a. Print:
Alexievich, Svetlana, “Voices from Chernobyl”, Trans. Gessen Keith, Dalkey Archive Press,
London, 2005, Print
b. E-book:
O’Keeffe, Anne, “Investigating Media Discourse”, Routledge, London, 2006, p 32, Nook file

15. Entire anthology or collection:

Huang, Guiyou. Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature, Vol. 1, Westport,
Connecticut, Greenwood Press, 2009, Print

16. One selection from an anthology or a collection:

Martisen, Eric, “Chang, Diana (1934–)”, Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature,
Ed. Guiyou Huang, Vol. 1, Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Press, 2009, Print