@ ARYABHATTA KNOWLEDGE UNIVERSITY Near Bus Stand, Mithapur, Patna - 800 001 E-mail akuniv Notification The Syllabus of Post Graduate Courses in Para Medical Science has been approved by the Academic Council of the university in its 16" meeting held on 09.11.2019 is hereby notified. This is subject to grant of permission to start/run the said Course by the State Government. By order of the Vice-Chancellor Sd/- Registrar (I/c) Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna Memo no. : 012/Acad/01-08/AKU/2019- 4-826 Date:13.12.2019 Copy to: (DPA to the Vice-Chancellor, (ii) Pro Vice-Chancellor’s Office, (iii) Registrar's Office, (iv) Controller of Examinations, AKU, Patna with copy of Syllabus AKU, Patna for information and (v) Shri Vishal Ratan Kumar with copy of Syllabus for uploading the information on University website. ge ee Registrar (I/c) Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patnabene tt FIRST YEAI Paper~ I - General:Pathology& Haematology. Paper- MH - Bio-chemistry Paper. Ill - Microbiology Paper- IV - — Project.Paper SPCOND YBAR Paper- I | - — Imimunology-'& Clinical Pathology Paper- Il ~ Histopathology & Cytology Paper- II - Recent Advancement in Pathology & Lab Management. Paper- IV - Project Paper Selon othe pee he (ue i" . . reat 7 @ \ah®Cellular Injury :- (a) (Necrosis: (b) vIsehentietand Hypoxic Injury. (c) Apoptosis (a) Hyperplasia (ec) Hypertrophy (Atrophy (g) Metaplasia (h) Gangrene Inflatamation and Repair :- (a) Acute Inflammation (b) Chronic Inflammation (c) Wound Healing Neoplasia = (a) Definition of Neoplasm (b) Classification of Tumour (c) . Nomenclature~ Benign Tumour & Malignant ‘Pumour. ; (@) Grading, and Staging of Tumours. fe) Spread of Tumour Embolism :- Type.& Bffects. Thrombosis Edema, Hyperemia Derangementof Fluids ;- Pathogenesis, Different Type & Clinical manifestration. Amyloidosis' :- Chemical Physical Nature, Special A10. aii, 12. 13 ‘5 Pager? thoes & ; Erythropoiesis:- Development of RBC, Control of Erythropoesis, Biosynthesis. of Hb. Disorderiiof RBO':+ Anemia ~ Bio-Synthesis of Hb. Definition, Patho Physiology Classification, Investigations) Morphologic & Hemolytic Anemia, Anaplastic Anemia- Classification, Features & Investigations. Disorder/of WBC. :-Leucoeytosis, Leukemia~ Definition, Clinical Features, classification, and investigations chromic myeloid Leukemia - Clinical presentation, Investigations chronic lymphooytic Leukemia. Plan ail uMalame Definition; Clinical Features. and Investigation. Bone Marrow Examination. Hemorrhagic Disorders’ :- Defnition, Clinical fetures, Classification; Vascular Disorders, Platelets Disorders, Coagulation Disorders, Fibrinolysis. ‘Pest of Vaseuler’and Plateletiumctions - Bleeding time, Clot reaction Platelet count. Haemotypoesis * Origin, Development and Function. ‘Thrombotic ‘Disonders & Investigations. Classification, Pathogenesis Lympho: Proliferative Disorders :; General Features, Classification and Investigation. Blood Banking - Blood’ Storage, Transfusion Reaction and Mismetched Transfusion. Haemoparasites. Biomedical. Waste: Management Leukemia: Disorders :- Leukemia, Classification, Lab Diagnosis. woca i at i te “def ! 5 Fret LEE r ' - ae myMy: RIRSTVPAR st al.) mh Paper —_BIO-CHPMISTRY », y) Ty} my Ivy v) vi) vil) Amino Acids & Proteins, Bnzymes~ Cardiac Markers (LDH, SGOT, SGPP,, Alkaline: Phosphatase). Blectrolytes; Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Bicarbonate: Phosphorus. Lipids & Lipoproteins, Vitamins (Pat Soluble & Water Soluble: oe disonders,Hemoglobin & Myoglonisn:. Renal Punetion; Liver Functions, Panereatic (Exocrine and Endoerine) Functions, Gastro-Intestinal Functions. Diseases of New Born: and their Complications. Laboratory ‘Safety:- ‘Toxic, Chemical antl Bio-Hazards. Quality Control. Water and Blectrolytes :- Acid Base Balance, Dehydration; Acidosis, Alleolosis) Buffers. VIM) Bloodsugar, Urea, Uric-acidy»Creatinine, Cholestoral, rx) Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotans, Low Density - Lipoprotein. Liver Funetion test ;~ Serum Bilirubin, Total Protein, AG Ratio, Blectrophoretic Separation of Protein. begeg eMEIRSTYPAR Master of Medical Lab Technology yy a) 4) 5) 6} Study of Systemic. Bacteriglogy:- Haemophilus, PseudomonusyMyesbacterium, Brucella, Clostridia, Rickéttesia, Chlamydia, Neisseria. PHindipiés and Procedures of Serologic test:- Widal, CRP, Agglutination test and ASO Titre,Estimation, VDRL. Intreductions~ Life. Cycle; Mode of Transmission, Pathogenisity"and Lab diagnosis of Tape worms or cestodes.- T, Solium, T. Saginata, H. Nana, E. Granulossis, Serological Test of Viral Infections. Collectioniand Processing ofclinical specimens for Fungi. Hébes virtises, Enterovirtses, Human Immunodeficiency viruses, = eo Coeeg eywore Immune Deficiency Disorders, Immuno, Hematologic\Disorders:- Transfusion Reactions, Hemolytic Diseases, Agransulocytosis, ‘Thrombocytopenic purpura. Connective ‘Tissue Diseases:- SLE, Dermato Myosis, Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatoid Arthritis. Atopic anaphylactic Reactions- Food Allergy, insect Allergy, Veal tatwetions. “AtopiteBezeriajDélayed: hyper sensitivity reactions: Allergic\Diseases*Encephalomyelitis, Multiple Sclerosis, Oarchitis, Thybiditis. Immunology of AIDS, ‘Tumor Markers, Tumor. Immunity against Viral, Bacterial and Parasitic Infections. Grantilomatous-reactions' +'T.B:, “Leprosy Autoimmune diseases > Organ. spectic: & Systemic. CLINICAL, PATHOLOGY Urine Examination: Physical; Chemical & Microscopic Renaf. Function Tests. Sputum Examination- Physical, Microscopic & Chemical Examinations. Gastric Analysis. : CSF - iggticesams, Examination of CSF Body Fluids Microscopical Bxam. Pleural, aaa nee \ex fart aon Papers (i) ‘TisstietProcessing of Histological Tissues; Dehydration, Cleaghtig, Wax Preparation. (i), Witonotinine’S ~ Veuious “types, Working Principle and Maintenance; Microtome’s Knives & Knife statis Procedure, Baastiea! Section Cutting, Staining Preparation. (iii) “Tdentifieation @ demonstration: of Different Metabolic Compounds, Mounting, and Mounting Media. & (iv) Phy Bulfer, Acid\BaseBquilibriam, (v) Labeling of Histology Specimens, Fixations and Various Fixatives' 6 theit’ Preparation: CYTOLOGY :- (a) Pine Needle Aspiration Technique & Staining. ,< yng) (b) Cytology- Criteria of Malignancy. ; (c) Cytology in Cervical, Endometrial & Ovarian Cancer. (a) Tumor Marker, (Malignant) (ec) Cytdlogy of 0:8.F. () Body Fluidi@ytopathology:- Pleural Fluid, Asedtie eric, C.Sch BRE, Peritoneal Muid & Pericardial Fluid. | eee * bed - ei \pxi § i a 12 Laboratory : 7 tho cohen pani - a ¥ wx Molecular’ Analysis of Chromosomal, aberrations in leukemia and/lymphomas, Molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases. Histo Pathology :~ la) Pixation of issues, classification of Fixation, (b) Section Cutting- Microtorte & Knives, Techniques of Seotion Cutting. (c) Tissue Processing, Collection, Step of Fixation. Preservation, of-organs & Processing. Hormones : Thyroid Hormones, Growth Hormones, Insulin. Handling and Quality Control of Lab :- Sterilization and Autoclave Tech; Disinfection Techniques: and Waste Disposal. Molecular Analysis of Chromosomal Alteration in leukemia and Lymphomas, Diagnosis of Molecules. Care of Lab, Glassware, Equipments, Chemicals. Laboratory Safety Progammes. Care, of Laboratory Glassware Equipments, Instruments &-Chemicals. First aid in Laboratory. Planning for Hospital Lab Services,Page K-14 ION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY 1.PAPER 1 Surgicalandianiésthetic equipments 2.PAPER 2 -Operation theatre management 3.RAPER'3~Gonesal.surgery 4PROJECT WORK SUBJECTS OF SECOND At MIC YEAR- 1, PAPER'1-Clinical anaesthesia 2, PAPER-2- Clinical surgery 3. PAPER 3- Critical: care and {CU 4, PROJECT WORK Ww ‘ pe { oa Cnet trenton wl A out @MASTER OF OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS -AND COURSE DESCRIPTION SUBJECT: Surgical and anaesthetic equipments. PAPER-4(FIRST: MEAR) Care, maintaince ,strerlization-andluse of various equipments in surgery and anaesthesia- Micro surgifcal and titanlui:iastruments Power surgical equipments General and specialized surgical instruments Endoscopes: laproscopes, gastroscapes,duedonoscope, sigmoidoscope, colonoscope,cystoscope,hysteroscope, colposcope,arthroscope Robotic equipments i Laser and electric cautery Breathingcircuits andiECGiohennals Bolls apparatus suctiqnpwmpnebullzar Laryngoscope Crophyrangeal airway Endotracheal tube and LMA Face mask-ancambuybag Tracheostomy tube Gas oylinders.andpipeline.ggs system Pulse oximeter, cardiaemonitor, ventilator, defibrillator Cardiao pulmonary bypass machine, cardiac pacemaker Vascular equipments Syringe pumps Infant warmer Newborn resusctitation set Fetal monitor * Splint sets . ye NA (nuegians inant i a ‘ e:MASTER OF OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT- OPBRATION THEATRE MANAGEMENT -PAPER 2(FIRST YEAR) * Sourse ofuinfectiom thi OT,infection process,portal of entry and exit, mode of transmission ‘Nasocomiakinfection: ‘Wospitahifffection control programme Infection-control policy:in theatre area Userof antiseptic. agents:in-OT OT sterilization, fumigation of OT OT light Ventilation andistectric supply in OT Designing zone,types and layout of operation theatres Safety:measures in: Operation theatre Septic theatre,prevention and management of infected surgical patients Modular operation theatre, e \ Geet ot yahWounds and ulcer Electrolytes and nutrition Burns Hand-and foot infection Amputation Bites and stings Qonsiting bo MASTER OF OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT- GENERAL SURGERYHPARER'S: (FIRST: YEAR) Preoperative, OPERATIVE, POST ORGRATIVE/CARE OF SURGICAL PATIENTS Abscess: -corbuncles,tetsnus/and gas gangrene ene Shock, hemorrhage -al ndbloodtransfusion Trauma: TRIAGE, bullet fijuryjblast injury Transplants-renal; liver and:bone marrow oy wy '% MASTER OF OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY SWBIJECT--Glinical anaesthesia - PAPER 1(SECOND YEAR) © Review of anatomy andiphysialogy of respiratory system Pre anaesthetic asgessinentiofipatients Diagnostic preparation of patient before surgery ‘Types ahd technique ofanaesthesia Drugs usediin anesthesia Drtigs used resuscitation Anaesthesia in emergency surgery Anaesthesiain-camps and field Anaesthesiarin radiblogy and endoscopy Afiaesthesia in obese and medical disease Labour analgesia : Balance anaethesia Difficult intubation Induced:hypotension . . Care of patient during anaesthesia Respiratory failure ‘Oxygen therapy @& \" \e- y Queen ante > : 81 ybOM _ 7 MASTER OF OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY 7 ) SUBJECT- CLINICAL SURGERY'- PAPER 2(SECOND YEAR) Review of anatomy and physiology of different systems of body GI SURGERY- vagotomy'and\pyleroplasty; gastrectomy, whipples:operation, pancreatectomy,drainage of pancteatic-cyst cholecystectomy and laproscopic cholecystectomy, resection of small bowel,colestomy,hemi and total colectomy, closure of colostomy, rectopexy,laprotomy,liver transplant, hernlotomy,splenectomy,special and laproscople instruments used in GI SURGERY Obstretic surgery- normal labourabnormal labour,third stage complication like PPHiinversion of uterus and:retainediplacenta, rupture of uterus, cord proplase; LSCS,hystenestomyectople pregnancy, MTRand|Dand Gynaceological surgery-hystectomy,myomectomy,cystectomy,sacropexy and sling surgery, WF repair, Werthiem’s operation, O and C, cervical and endometrial biopsy,tuboplasty,tubectomy, bartholin cyst excision. Orthopedic surgery- fractures,open reduction and Internal fixation of different types of fractures, arthroscopy, external fixation,traction, slabs and casts,amputation joint replacement, operations.on spinetlike laminectomy; instruments:used in orthopedic surgery. Urological surgery--cystectomy, cystastomy, pylelithotomy, pyloplasty, ureterolithotomy,nephrolithotomy,PCNL, Illigal condult,aperations on vescial fistula,renal transplant, prostectomy Neurosurgery: review of nervous system, types of neurosurgery,craniotomy, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, cerebral abscess equipments used in brain surgery,classification and management of:nerve injury, carpattunnel syndrome Cardio-thoracic surgery- cardiac surgery OT setup,preoperative assessment, valve replacement surgery, cardio pulmonary bypass surgery, pace maker and cardiac catheterization, areesomry heme gta drainage,lobectomy, “e Wx Plastic surgery eee isy MASTER OF OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY sl |UBJECT- CRITICAL CARE:AND:IGU- PAPER 3(SECOND YEAR) * CPR,BLS and ACLS,post:resuscitation life support,resuscitation of newborn, * ICU- definition, duties andresponsibilities design of ICU,types of ICU, infection:control.in/ICU,equipments in ICU,nutrition in ICU © Airway management- definition,indication,roots of insertation, types of tubes, airway assessment and procedures ‘+ Pain management-definition,types,signs and symptoms,pathophysiology of pain and management of pain * Casualty management of patient- shock, dehydration,burns,and accidents * Fluid and blood transfusion * Management of head injuries and other neurological emergencies ‘© Management of unconscious patients ‘Management in intensive cardiac care * Intensive care of newborn and neonates * Management of respiratory failure and heart failure, ARDS. * Management of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis « Management of electrolyte imbalance * Management of organophosphorus poisoning and corrosive poisoning * Management of acute kidney and liver failure © Management of electrical injuries 5 wx bnedehen® uae a)Reference books for master-of operation theatre technology 1. Textbook for operation theatre- PARMILA BHALLA 2. Textbook on operation: theatre nursing- 1 CLEMENT 3, Short textbook of anaesthesia~- AJAY YADAV 4. Operation theatre technique and management- DRGN SHARMA, DR A LAGRAWAL 5. Operation room technique- BRIGDEN 6. Operation room technique- BERRY AND KO! HIN’S. 7. The operating room aids- CAREER PUBLISHERS 8. Operating theatre nursing- MC \WARREN 9, Perioperative nursing~ LINDA SHIELDS;HELEN WERDER Oech nares Y wea MASTER OF OPTOMETRY & OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGY (MOOT)Ye ar | st Paper:+1 A> Ooular diseases: Papers+11 A> Optics and refraction. Paperi-Ml A> Ophthalmic’lnstruments and Investigations: Project:-1Year tind Paper:-1 A>» Contact lenes, 1.0.L implantand refractive surgeries. Papers! oe a> Advance oeulat diseases. Baper:-111 A> Community Ophthalmology: Projecti-2 ¥ fod “aELATED SVE - INSTRUCTIQNAL METHOD : Personal contact programmes, Lectures (virtual and in-person), Assignments, Labs.and Discussions, Learning Projects, Industrial Training Programmes and Dissertation. Year: 1 « » Paper: 1 OCULAR ‘DISEASES (A) OCULAR ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Unit Contents Gross Anatomy and Embryology fo Bye : Introduction ‘Gross Anatomy of Eyeball and Orbit- e General Anatomy of the Eyeball and Orbit Genefal Shape of the Eyeball Layers of the Eyeball General Concepts of the: Structures Within the Eyeball Embryology of Byebal: Specific Embryological Stages: of Eyeball Eimibryology of Specific Ocular Strtictures Growth and Development of Eye, ‘Anatomy Of the Outer Coat of the Eyeball : Introduction Anatomy of the Outer Coat of the Byebatl- 2 | Anatamy of Conjunctiva * Coat of Eyeball Anatomy of Cornea Anatomy of Sclera ‘Anatomy of the Middle Coat of the Hyeball-: Introduction. : Anatomy of Uveal Tract — Anatomy of Iris Anatomy of Ciliary Body Anatomy of Choroid , ‘Anctomy of Anterior and Posterior Chambers % ‘Anatomy of Lens. IntveduetionIntroduction. ‘Anatomy-of Relina-end its Special Regions Anetomy-ofRetina © ° ‘Special Regions oftheiRetina Anatomy ot Vitreous: ‘Anatomy af Optic Nerve and the Visual Pathway : Introduction Parts of Viswal Pathways OptioNerve, Optio Chiasmra Optio Tact Lateral:Genieulate Nucleus ‘Visual Cotter Arrangoment of Fibtes in Visual Pathway ‘Analomy OF Didsand Lacrimal System : Introduction | Desorption of Bye Teds and Lncrimal System T iyelids, Laerimal Apparatus and Tear Flim Dynamics : Struoture andiFunctions of the Byelids- Furetions-oftthe Byelids Physiology of-Byelid Movements Blinking and Peering Funetions.of the Lacrimal Apparatus- ‘Tear Secretion Control.of Tear Rroduction ‘Tear Drainage Teaw Film Dynamics- Functions of Teariim Physical properties of Tear Film Tear Dynamics ‘Tear Bil Dysthaction ‘Treatment of Pry Eye ‘Aqueous Humourand Intra Ocular Pressure + Introduction Steuature and Fundtions of Aqueous Humour- Formation of Aqueous Humour Aqueous Movementiand Outflow _ Q neler Cos> Fnatomy of the inner Cott of the yeball and Anatomy of Vitredus 3)‘Aqueous Composition 7 Physicechenioa! propeitieneé Aqueous Intre-ocular Rressure- Diusnat Varjatiouo! Latna-oeulue pressure Measurenigntof integ-ooua Pressure Inorease in Intraooularressure Lowering ininu-aculer Pressure Raciors Affecting intea-ovulan pressure 0 ‘Pupil and Pupillaey Reflexes / tniroduetion Pupillury, Reflexes Poit-- Appearances of the Pupil Avcomodation Neuronal-Bathways- Pupitlary Detects ~ Mareus Gunn Pupil (RAPD) ‘Argyll Robentsoe Pupil (ARP) Adie's Tonite) Pupil ‘Homer's Pigpil. Iris Colobome Muscles anid: Niovemenis ofthe Bye: Extrasolar Museles- Recti andOblique Masoles Planes of Museles Tntim-oenlar Musioes Univooular Moveunents Binocular Movements Lews'Governing/Gevlar Movements Abnormalities: of Gane- “Laver Squint (Anisophorig-cr Heieroptorin) ‘Mani fest Sqsint (Heterotropia) Psendosquint (Pseuddo-Salse) ‘ _| Vision + LightSense, Nighi Vision and Colour Vision : Introduction. ‘Visual Impulse and Perception ~ Initiation of Visval Impulse. s yee i: ‘ aPE Transm Analysis of Visual psreeption Colour Vision ‘Fourg’s Trlehrumatic Theory Detsils of Colow Vision, Deleotive Colour Vision | Light Sense- Adaptation ‘Dark Adaptation Contrast Sense | ~| Visual Acuity, Uni-Ocular an : Kecommodation and Convergence : Introduction” "Visual Pathway, Fields and Visial Cortex : Introduction Retina, Optic Nerve, Optio Chiestna, Optic Tract, Lateral Genivulate Body; Optio Radiations Visual Cortex- Physiotogical Aspeots | Visual Fields- Perimnetty Methods of Visual Fields Examination Binowular Vision + Measurement of Visual Acuity~ Test Types Snelten’s aad-Landolt's | Binocular Vision ~ | ‘Advantages of Binocular Vision I Retinal Correspondence Horopter (Horizon of Vision) Pannum’s Area Tests for Binocular Single Vision Accommodation ~ ' Mechanisms | ‘Theories of Accomodation |3H (B) EYE DISEASE —1 Co ts 71 Disease of Lit Disease of Lid | Disease of Conjunctiva Inflammation, Trauma, Degeneration, Tumors: Disease oP iacilinal wpparatus: ‘Congenital, Inflammation of lacrimal sae, Tumors of lacrimal suc Diseases of Comen ‘Solera a Inflammation, Seleritis, Bpiscteritis LEARNING SOURCE" Self Leaming Mateiials: ADBITIONAL READINGS { A B. ‘The Bye Book : Byes and Bye Problems Explained by fan Grierson Rifferential diagnosis of eye disease - Hans Peu-W,B. Saunders Co., 1978, i CoRYE DISBASE—IL | Contents a Uvea: { Etiopathogenesis Clinical features Routine investigation ‘Types of uveitis Vascular and circulating disturbanc Degeneration, Congenital abnormaliti Lens: “actiopathogeneisis of catarect, Symptoms of cataract. Age eluted or senile cataract, Cataract associated with ocular disease, cataract associated with systemic disease, cataract due to other causes Development of cataract Management of cataract Complicatign of cataract surgery, secondaryrgataract . yer! Le Cv?Retina: Examination of fundus Vasculewretinopathies Inflammation of retina \ ‘Degeneration of retina, Detachment of retina LEARNING SOURCE s'Seif Leaming Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS : ‘A, The ByeBook-slyesiandiBiye Problems Bxpltined By lan Grierson B. ‘Texthoolost Oplithslinology by HV Nema BHiseiro:Physology of the Bye : Introduction — Blectro-retinogram | ‘Visiill Evolved Response Blecteo-oculogram LEARNING'SOURCE: Self Learning Maierials. ADDITIONAL READINGS cular Anatomy and Physiology -- By AI Lens, Count Comt. Sheila Paper-tt (OPTICS AND REFRACTION) A Coyne Nemeth; Janice K. Ledford-Stack Incoporated B. _ Ophth-Assistant Vol-V (Community Ophth) ~ Dril.P. Agarwal (A) NATURE OF LIGHT Tait [— Contents | Garrent concept oF Light: Origin of fight ‘Travel of light Arrival of light isible Light Visibtetight origin : i Visite light sensing | Visite light teeeptor and ooular media sitivity 5 }Visible light receptor and octlar media Light sensitivity ‘The receptor as light guide, Transparency or Diopteric Media ~ | Physical Optics Intreocular scattering, Diffraction eéfeets Rolurieation Phenomenon Eye:Coloxs ‘The Dopplenshitt Tight damage io Byer ‘Ultraviolet light, Biechemientingehanism of light damage, Clinical example of ocular light damage, Light protestors LU ARNING. SOURCH; Selfkearning Matetiels ADDITIONAL READINGS : , A, The Nature of light-Bugen Cesnelius Jaseph-von Lommel ~ D. Appleton and Co,, 1876, (8) OPTICS OP NORMAL EYE Unit Contents Individual optical elements of eye: ‘Nownal eye Abnormal eye Dondepeye: Reduced eye Visual Acuity Testing For Distance- Snellen’s test Keeler Elliot test Kay Picture test Ffooks Symbols: For Near- * Jaeger test Reduced Snellen’s test ‘Viswnl wovity testing in children Laer ® om \" nhWy ‘Landolt Chart test 1] STY-CAR text HOTY test | Photostress test Pinhole examsigation ‘Contrast Sensitivity Founstion : “7 Modulation teansfer fimetion in image processing Radioseopy: ‘Theory of Radioscopy Practive of Retinoscopy | a Subjective verification of reflexes a | LEARNING SOURCE : SeifLexening Materials ADDITIONAL: READINGS A. Optics of tie SbrhanfByes By David A. Atchison, David A.. Atchison George Smith - BH (Q\SPHCTAGLMS & LENSES Contents wigs: Dens Mier "Types af Speoiacle Lenses Spherical lens Cylincrical lens i 5 | Conoave leas Convex tens | i ' Pleno-concawe Jenses Plano.convex lenses . Miscellaneous 3,_| Bresnel Lenses dt Prisms [Prism Gorreotfon a i ‘Abserpine Lenses‘Spectacle W Lens in ohikdren tor Near Visior ‘Bioffocal lens types, Progressive lens or multifocal lens TI, | Magnifying lens | 12, Sinale transposition 13, [Toxic Thawtsposition a LEARING SOURCH! Seif'Leaming Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS + ‘A, Spectacle Lenses 1 Theory, and Praatice By, Colin Fowler. Colin Powler Keio bathian Bette 1B, Lensys, spevtacles, eveplasses and contacts : ‘The story of vision aids Alberta Kelley "| Comment véeasurement: Measuring the votneal sutfte, Measuring corneal thickness ‘The spevulla microscope 2 RetinoscopesPlane palrror, Preistly Smity, Streak Aubomuited objective rettactameter ‘The lensgmeter | Ophiliaimoseope = Indiveot Ophthalmoscope 2, | Direct Ophthalmoseope Funds camera __|Mingnify device Tnvestigations: Gonioscopy, Tonomety, Utiresound’blomicroscapy Anoillary investigations Fluorescein Angingaphy Indooyanine Green Angiography ‘Ultmasonogeaphy Computerized Axial Tomography-CAT . Magnetic Resonance Imaging-MRI Electrophysiological Response Electrooeulogram‘Magnotie Resonance linaging-MIRI Blectiophysiological Response Blectrooculogrant Blectroretinogeam Visual evoked potential Binocular vision! Seisieteo nouiry Blectromyogtaphy Bleotronystagmopraphy (Coleut Vision- yoficolourvision Disorder ofeolout vision ‘Testing of-eolour vision ‘Ophibaliio Instrument: Synoptophote 4 | Aideptation & Adaptontetty Ocular Photography: Bechyietiy LEARNING SOURCE!!Self Learning Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS A, Texibooic of Oplithalndlogy by HV Nema B. Mootfields manual of Ophthalmology By Timothy L. Jackson 2" Year Cee, Lenes, TOL: - Paper—1 \IMPLAT, AND REPRACTIVE SURGERTE CTL LV: {p VISUAL Fl ‘TIONS ASSESSMENT. Contents at am a." eee Thiraduction History, Lens types, Optics of contact lenses | Bye examination procedure in contact lens ‘Lens care ‘Material ised for conta lens 3,_| Type of contact lens ing of contact leas | 7, [ Extended’ wear contact lens z. 9. ‘Bandage contact lens ‘Viswal acuity MARC maximum angle of resolution. Tield of vision ~ Coniontation test, Perimetry, Kinetic Pe LaA.hitp:/iwww.centeeforsight.net/content!148_$4/contact-lens-and-{.ow-Vision~ Aids. him . B. Ophtheliic Lenses & Dispensing By Mo Jalie Contents Optics oF Tatraocular bnplanis : Introduction Opticabeffeets of intraocular inplants Caloulating implant power ‘Types of implants ‘Material:used. tor imptants Implant decentering Inyplant til & Astigmatism | Inyplants fn Bresbyopia, JOL, Muttitbeal 1OL., Foldahte 1OL ‘Gplies of Comeal Refractive Surgery - | i Corneatwadivs and index Opticalzons.size { Coraeal-refinctive surgery procedutes ie. Radial Keratotomy PRK. | 2, | LASIK, IV, LASER, ‘ (Optical results of refractoty surgery | Surgical-gorvection of Astigmatism Comealdncision in Myopia-and hypermettopia. Surgical correction fo | Presbyopia LBARNING SOURCE : Self'Learning Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS A. Ocular Anatomy and Physiology ~ Al Lens, Comt Com. Sheil Cyne . Nemeth, Jehice K. Ledford-Slack Invorporated i 9 ( \) gn Foe ToneCLORTHOPTICS & PLEOPTICS Contents Netvouls contra! of peular movement Motor apparites of eye: ‘Anatomy of oetlar misscles ‘Actions off extra obtar muscles ‘Binocular Vision : Vossionsy Grading Of binocular vision Fixation : Fixetion i ‘S Acoommodstion Strabismus Comitant Strabismus Comitant vs incomithnt strabismus Etiology. of comitant strabismus Symptom of comitant strabismus Investigation ‘General principal of management of strabismus ‘Latent squint (strabismus) (Hetrophoria) Maddox Rod Madéox Wing Heterotopia or manifest strabismus A, Pattern Misotropia Tredément Ineomitant strabisinus Paralytic Steatisints Aetiology lnvestigations-Diptepia.charting “Types of ooular muscle paralys restrictive strabismus, Syakine LEARNING SOURCE : Seif Leaning Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS ‘A. Clinival-Orthoplios By Fiona 1, Rowe-Wiley Blackwell Lande? Qe \" ad 44 PAPER If (Aavnnee OcuLnRorseases) (A) EYE DISEA\ | va ~~ Contents Glaucoma Ti oe oe Primarysadult glayeoraa Tntraoienlat Prism changes in glaucoma Fisld-changes.ingiaucoma | Secondary gleueomn optic nurve based drugs Secondary glaucoma, Pediatrig glaucoma ‘Trentmentorghucoma ‘ Hye Injury’: I Chemical Injury ! 2. | Concessional Injury | 1 Penetrating injury Sympathetic Ophthalmitis ~~ | Disease of Optic Neve : 3. | Pepilledema, Disturbances of citeulition. Optic nevi atrophy 4, | iitaoetlan Tumeas: fl ‘Tumors of uve tract, Tumors of retina LEARNING SOURCE : Self l.eaming Materiats ADDITIONAL READINGS: A. The Bysbook : Bye andi Eye Problems Explained by lan Grierson ‘ B, Ditferential: diagnasis of eye: disease ~ Hans Pau ~ W:B, Saunders Co.. 1978 ‘Contents N Neusologieal disorder, Hemicrania, Lesions of various level of visual! pathway; Optic nerve, Optic ¢ract, Optie Chiasma, Nu Cottieg! Jesion Ocular motor system & Newological disorder Extooutiy muscle paralysis, Nystagmus 4 ‘Vescdlar Disorder a Intraccanial Ancurysms, AV fistula, Suh Arachnoid Haemorrhage. Isch rome. Cerebral !faemarshage & thrombosis beni eyM2 Cortical Blindness ‘Migraine - |, imfeations: ca Meningitis, Encephalitis, Syphilitic Infection | > DepereraingDiewe | | Muttipte slerosis | Tntracranfab tumors “Head injury & ocular manifest LEARNING SOURGE : Self Learning Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS + ‘The practical Guide by Leunard A, Levin (CLEVE & SYSTRMIC DISRASE Unit” | ‘Contents | ~~" Tinmunopathologieal reaction + Acute anaphylactic reaction. Dependent eye, Immune complex types. Cell mediated, Stimulating ‘Ocular changes in various disorders’ Haematological Anaemia. Hypertension. Infeetion. — Malavia, Meningitis, Bncephatitis, Endocrine, Graves disease, Metabolic 2, | disease, Muscle disorder, Myasthesia gravis, Musculi’ cl siraphs Inherited disorder Retinitis. Pig Weber Syndrome, Albinism. Marfun’s Syndrome, Yan lsippel Lindens Diseas Diabetes & Hye Diabetic Changes = Diabetes & Eye Diabetic Changes Various Retinopathies - 4, Hypertensive retinopathy, Ocelusive retinopathies. Retinopathy of prematurity | mentoss, Down Syndrome, Stn, LEARNING SOURCE : Self Leeming Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS ‘A. Handbook of Pediatric Eye and Systeimie |Niscuse by Kenneth Wright - Sprinter . B. ‘The eye and systemic disease by Frederic A. Mausoll lihystrated Publishe omsetg Lander “ \e yaContents Blindness | Definition, Causes, Aetiology, Control of blindness. Eye Care types! E Primary eye care, secondary eye care, Tertiary eye care Mobile eye services i Specify cause of binengax aad approach to prevedion OF BI Cataéact, Glaucoma, Diaberle retinopathy, Childhood blindness. ‘Nutritional Blindness, Trachoina, Onchocerciasis, Macular disoree Bye Bank, Comeall preservation, Lid surgery, ee sungery. Cataract surgery, Glaucoma surgery, Detuchinent Lawrimal | | apparatus surgery, Squinusureery, ‘Ooular anaesthesia: - ‘Anaesthesia in eye + “opibet loningthesin. Blocks. Fyekal block ! Retro bulber blocks, Peri bulbar blocks. LEARNING SOURCE : Self Leeming Materials ADDITIONAL READINGS ‘A. Community Ophthalmology ~ P., Grea B. Textbook of Ophthalmology by HV Nema Vameateay Oe ior ,wt Masters of Radio Imaging Technology Course Curriculum - Rixst Year Paper I- Radiation ‘Physics Paper Il - Radiographic Technique and procedure Paper m - Radiation sofety and Dark Room Project Work 4 Second year Paper I- Technique of CT scanvand Manjography Paper I: - ‘Technique of MRI and Ultrasonography Paper TH - Nuclear Medicine and Advance Radiology : Project Work yoke a \, AX \’ asaf . nie, ewe MASTER OF RADIO: ‘TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS Course Curriculum First Year Papor-1 Radiation Physios Radios, tntredueton 1. Kym: Discovery of xexays Xray produto snd propenis: Bremsstmang radstions- Chavgoileige! XeRays;aojesalTesting-ernysemisson.speotas Arey valine ant, HIVE measurements, tes] ofcty sof aia XoRays, ede and Innere fibeaton, reflection aud eaiinision ats ; 2, davepaetian. of: Toning ttiationy ith matyseclypes of iternesons ef Aine garmma radiation, Photaelbeté & Compton Parproduclen annihilation redetion 4. Inspiagion, of aad uammemiyay ‘Teansnisifitiruph> matter, lof exponential attenuation, half value layer, and linear attenuston coeffieienteoherent scataitg-photomucleer disinnegrationrPartik intoaotins.Aneragiois of X rays end Gamma rays in the body; ftsoR tissve-bone-contait media-ttalatenuttion oeftiientelatve clinic importance, 4. Redintion intesaty and expose, photon flux and energy flux density 5, Xerey tuber historical: aspects, construction of Xe tubes, requirements for X-ray produatiqn lection source, tangotand tnode material), tube-voltge, current, space charge, early utey tubes (Coolidge tubes; tube envelop-and. housing) cathode. assembly, X-ray production effoiency, advances in X-ray tubes, node angulation and.retating tubes-ine foeus principle space: charge effect, tube caolingeModern X-ray tubes-sationnry anode, rotating enode, sid controlled X-ray tubes, heel effect, off foous mediation, tube insert ane housing-Tube rating-Qualty and intensity of x-rays factors inflvenoiig thes. unadelS (a 3 we6, Grid controlled and: high-speed tubes, focal.spot size, speed. of anode rotation, target angle, inherent filtration, radiation leakage and scattered. radiation) Interlocking and X-ray tube overload protection. 7, Heat dissipation, on. methods,, tube xating, heat units, operating conditions and maintenance, 8, -Heray generator’ citeuits: Vacumm tube diodes-semi-conductor diodes- ‘tansistor-Reotification-half and full wave-self rectfication-X-rey. generator; filament cireuitsilo, Voltage cireuit-single phase..generator-thnee phase generator-constant potentials .gencrator-Fuses, switches and. interlocks-Exposure switehing and timers-HT cables-earthing. 9. Physical quantity, its unit and measurement: Fundamental-and derived quantity, ‘Slunit, various physical/radiation quantity used in Diggnostic Radiology and its unit (for ‘example, KVp, mA, mAs, Heat unit 4U), 10; ‘Radiation quantities ahd “units; Radiation intensity-exposure, roentgen, its limtations-kerma and absorbed/dose-clectronic equilibrium-rad, gray, conversion factor for roenigen to rad-quality, fector-dose equivalent-rem, Sievert, Quality factor, dose equivalent, relationship between absorbed dose and equivalent dose Conventional Radiological and Imaging Equipment 1. Production of x-rays; X-ray tube, gas filled x-ray tube, construction working and limitations; stationary anode x - ray tube; construction, working, Omethods of cooling the anode, rating chart and cooling chart; rotating anode x - ray tube: construction, working rating chart, speed of anode rotation, angle of anode inctination, dual focus and practical consideration in choice of focus, anode heel effect, grid controlled x - ray tube; effect of variation of anode voltage and filament temperature; continuous and characteristics spectrum of x - rays, inherent filter and added filter, their effect on quelity of the spectrum. 2 High wala duis: HT. gummtor for vty machines, thee pane reife Lact het oY uy vAfrequency citovits; capacitance ‘ilter contral.and stabilising, equipment; mains voltage compensator, mains xesistance compensator, compensation for frequency variation, contol of tube voltage 3 ‘Meiers and exposure timers; Moving coil galvanometer: constuetion and ‘workingfeomyersign tovnilliqnnanebatyanameter end voltmeter; meters commpily used in dingnostio -rey machines, 4.” Tnteslocking clrouit: Relays: dasoription and working, use of relays in dlagnastio machines for over load pyotection, cigcuitidingamy simplifieizoit ancblock diagrams ‘lluseing sequence of events from nauins supply t-controlled emission of x-r0ys, 5. Conliol of séattered radietion: Beam Umiting devices: coves, diaphragms, light ‘eam collimator, beam centring deviee, methods to verify beun centting and field aligonyent; grids; design and control of scattered mediation, gid ratio, grid cut-off, parallel arid, fooused grid, crossed grid, grided cassettes, stationary and moving grid potter bucky laphyages, various types of rid movements; single stroke movement, oseilletory ‘movement and reviprocatory movement,. 6, Flucipseapy lyerescen 2 and phosphorescence - desaription, fluorescent rarity used in fluoroscopic screens, constuction of fderoseapie ceeeavane related secossovis tng tbe, dank adaption, Image ntnfier - Constution and working, aulvantages over fuoroscopio devise, principles and methods of visualising intensified ‘image, basle pzinciples of elosed civouit television. cant ent ploture ttibe. tow a al ed ; wie @ i cee Sl eae emanate ane ap(eae Paper Radiographic Technique and Procedure Anatomy Related to Radiology 4 ‘Sleeletal system: a ‘Upper limb: Technique for hand, fingers, thumb, wrist foint carpal bones., ‘eearm, elbow joint, widio wltar joints and thamerns supplementary techniques for the above, ei carpal iene) view, ulnat groove, head, of the Has, supracondylar projections: . b, Lower tintin Teetinique for footy toes, areattoe, tarsal bones, calcaneum, ankle joist, lowerlegy ketieey patella & fomir Supplementary techniques: Stress view for torn gawients, Subtalan: joint nd’ tato ealeaneal’ joint, inter condylar projection of the knevtibial tubercle Length measurement technique. &, Shouldergidle and*therax: Technique for shoulder joint, seaputar, clavicle, avtoiiiow clavicular’‘iéintss. sternum -eibsstenorclavieular. joint, “Supplementary projections:and techniques for recyrrent dislocation of, shoutder, Traumatic dislocation of shoulder. Cervical ribs. &. —- Vertebrab column: Technique'for atlanto-ocoipitel joint, cervical spine, cervico thovecio;spine, thorevic spine, thesaco- lumber spine, iumbo sactal spine, sacrum and coccyx. Supplementary techniques to demonstrate: Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Spondylolisthesis , disc lesion, wnion Of spinal gitaft. Adaptation of techniques to démonsttate specifie:pathologies. e. —_ Pelvic gitile anti hip‘tegion: Technique for-Wihole pelvis. Ilium, isehium, pubic bores; seco iliaijoint, symphysis pubis, hip joint, acetabulum neck of femur, greater and lesser tchanter!‘Supplemettary tectinignes‘to- demonstrate Congenital dislocation of hip joints, Epiphysissof femun, Latetal-projections for hip joints to show femoral head and neck relationship; We1, Skeletal surveys Skeletal aurvoystor metabolic bone disease, mtastases,ttrmonsl disordez, renal disorders. & Skull: Basie projections for cranium, facial bones, nasal bones and mandible Technique for Petrous temparals.for mastoids, Intemal.auditory cend!, Accessory nasal sinuses, Tempero - mandiauanjeint, Orbits and optiooramen, Zygomatio. arched, Styloid piocesa, Pituitary sq, gular foramen, 2. DentalsRadlogrephiyé Technique far ite opal full snouth, Occlusal projections, Extee oral projections including, orthopantomography, Supplementary techniques, 3 Upper tesnizatony tract:echnique for post nasal airways, larymx, trachea, thoracic inlet, Valsalva inanoeuvve, Phonation, 4 ‘Lungs and Medinstinum;Technigue for routineprojections, 5. Supplementary projegtions Antero-posterior, @blidues, lordoticy apical projection, we oftpenetaied posiero-enterion projection, Expimaion technique, eehnique for pleural fluid levels andiadbesions, 6. “Abdomitial ‘isestasTestinique’for plain filinsexaminatioms Projection for acute domen patients, Technique to demonstrate: Foreign bodies, Imperforate anus, 7 Radiography using -mobiles.Xiay -gqhipinentes Radiography in the waxd: Rediography:in the speciatised unity suchas; Intensive case-unitsCotonayy care,.Neonatal unit, Radiogiaply' in chevopevating theatre. 8. Macroxadiography: Principle, advantage,-techniqueiand epplications, % ‘Steveography: Procedure, presentation, for viewing, steteoscopes, 10, High KV techniques: Principle andiits applications, 11, Soft tissue Radiography including Memmography : its techniques, equipment, advancements and applications. 12, Lovalization of foreign bodies: Various techniques 13, Operation theatre techniques: General prvoautions, Aspesis in \echniques Checking of mains supply end functions of equipment, selection of exposure factors, explosion risk, radiation protection and vapid processing techniques, bn hed Gy14, Traumaradiography/Emergency radiography, 15: Neonatal anit Paediittic Radiography, 16, Tomogrephy and Tomosynthesis 17, Dial energy X-tay absorptiometry 18, Forensio Radiography 19. Community Radiography, Radiological and Imaging Procedures 1. SpeciatRadigraphtic (Radiological procedures 2x Selegtion of Fluorescopy, Equipment) general jconsiterations, responsibility of radiographers Petiont:Prepatetion, Indications ‘Conttaindications ‘Technique Post Care andsPrepartion-of Drug olle)/Tray, Radiation. Safety. Contrast: Media - Positive and Negative; Jonic,& Non, - Ionic, Adverse Reactions To Contrast, Media and Patient Management, Emergency Drugs inthe Radiology Department “Aseptic technique for the following procedures, 3. Gastrointestinal Tract: Barium swallow, pharynx and oesophagus. Barium meal and follow through:\Hypotonic duedenography. Small bowel eneins.Barium Enema routine projections for colon and rectum, colonic activators; double contrast studies; colostomy; Special techniques for specific disease 1o be examined, Including water soluble contrast media - eg, Gastiograin. 4, Salivary glands ; Routine technique, proceduwe - sialography. : 5. Biliary system : Plain fika radiography. Intravenous cholangiography. Percutaneous cholangiography. Operative cholangiography, Post-Cperative cholangiography (T-tube Cholengiography 6. Urinary system : Intvayenous urography, Retrograde pyelography. Antegrade pyelography. Cystography and micturating cystouesthrogrephy. Urethrogrephy (ascending) esteen ,Sl 7.. Reproductive system : All the Techniques relating to Male and, Fottole reproductive system including Hysterosalpingography. 8, Breast Imaging : Mammography: Basic views, special views, wire Tooalization, Ductography, Tomosynthesis, ABVS, Various Biopsy Fechniques including Prone Table Biopsy. 9, Respisatory systems +Bronchography:: 10, Sinography : Routine teclnique-and procedure. 11, Conta Netvons System Myelognapliy: Cerebral studies: Vensiewography- 12. Arthrographyy 1/Shoulder, Hip, Kheé)"Elbow joints ete including/CT; US: att: MRI Special Tinaging Techniques. 13, Anglogsaphio Studies : Carotid Angiagraphy:(4 Vessel angiography). Thoracic and Atoh’ Aortogriphy. Selective ‘studies; Renal" SMA, \Coeliao: axis. Vertebral i enigingtapny: Fem axtestograpliye Angioeardiography, Rélipheral angiography | 14, Venogieph y!Peeipheral' venography: Ceréosal-vonography.Inietior and superior { -venovavography;Relevant visceral phlebography. W'S ee “Paper Ht Radiation Safety and’Darkroom Radiation safety in dingnostic Rauiotogy 1, “Introduction to “Radiation ‘protection-Need for protection,Aim of radiation protection, 2, Limits for radiation exposixes Concept of ALARA maximum permissible dose sexpostiejin pregnaney, children. Oceupétional Bxposure Limits « Dose limits to public 3, Ratlltion Protection in: Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Mammography, Mobile Radiography ,CT Scan DSA and Interventional Radiology. 4 Radiation measuting instruments : survey meters , area monitor , persone! dosimeters film, badge, thermo luminescent dosimeter, pocket dosimeter. 5. Radiation. Quantities and Units: RadiationRadioactivity,Sources of radiation - ‘natural: radiogetive, sources. cosmic. rays, terrestrial radiation, manmade radiation sources.Kerma, Exposure; Absorbed dose, Equivalent Dose, Weighting Factors, Effective Dose 6. Biological Etfects,of radiation; Direct & Indirect actions of radiation, concept of etriment, Deterministic & stochastic effect of radiation, somatic and genetic effects, dose relationship, effects of antenatal exposure Ionization, excitation and free radical formation, hydrolysis of water, aotion of radiation on cell-Chromosomal aberration and its application for the biological dosimetry. Effects of whole body and acute iradiation, dose fractionation, effects of ionizing radiation on each of major organ system including fetus “Somatic effects and hereditary effects-stochastic and deterministic effects-Acute exposure and chronic exposure-LDSO ~ factors affecting radiosensitivity. Biological cffects of non-ionizing radiation lke ultrasound, lasers, IR, UV and magnetic fields 7. Radiation detection and Measurements: Ionization of gases, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, Effects on photographic emulsion, Ionization Chambers, proportional Counters,G.M counters, scintillation detectors, liquid semiconductor detectors, Gamma ng a pat be{ 33 ray spectrometer. Measpring systems: frep.air iopization chamber thimble ion chamber, condenser chamber, Segondary standard dosimeters, filmdosimeter, chemical dosimeter- thermoluminescent Dosimeter,Pocket dosimeter, Radiation survey meter,wids range survey meter, Zone monitgs, contaminstion monitor ~ their prinolple function ad uses, ‘Advantages & dau dvanages of Various deters pproprsteness of ditren vectors for different type of rediation-miensimenment § Dose/and Raosimaty, CT Dose Index (CTDL, ete), Multiple Seen Averses Dose (MSAD), Dose Length Remluel (DLP), Dose Profile, Bffeotive Dose, Phantom Measurement Methods, Dose “for Different’ “Applieetion, otbcols, Teebnigque Optimization, Doge area. product in’ Murastopy an eagiogrphyeystems, AGD in smanamogeepliy. 9, Radiation protection, Hazard evaluation andi gontcol Philosophy of Radistion wotetion Reiton.pioteation of self end:pent id General Rubio Pines of radiation protection, time:~'distahoe-and shielding, shielding - caleulation/and radiation survey, Caleulajion of Was load, waekly caller seo sdtation worker General public: Good work practice in’ Diagnostic Radiology. » 10. Planning consideration for-radiology, inetuditg Use factor, occupancy factors, and different shielding materialsProtection for primary radiation, work load ,use factor , occupancy factor , protection ftem scatter radiation and leakage vadiation, X-Ray! Fluoroseopy/ ‘Mammogrephy/intervention/DSA/CT zoom design, structural shielding, protective devices. U. Regulatory Bodies & regulatory Requirements: International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) / National Regularity body (AERB Atomic Energy ‘Regulatory Board) +Responsibilities, organization, Safety Standard, Codes and Guides, Responsibilities of licenses, registeants & employers and Enforcement of Regulatory requirements, (CRP, NRPB, NCRP and WHO guidelines for radiation protection, pregnanoy and radiation protection), ier12, NABI guidelines, AERB guidelines, PNDT: Act anc-guidelines ‘Newer Radiation-safety’ protocols ard resent advances in radiation safety. Role of ‘Radiogjapher in Planning -& Radiation Protection: Role of technologist in radiology department ~Persotmel ‘ie area monitoring, Setting) up of a new X-Ray unit, stall requitement, ALR specifications for siteyplanning antl mandatory auidelines - Planning of Kamy/CT rooms Inspeotion of X-Ray intdlations~ Registration: of X-Ray equipment installntion- Cortificdtion’ Evaluation of workload versus radiation factors - Occupational expose) jmd ptotedtion Toolstdeviees, 8er ae ¢ Dark Room Procedures (> Dark RoomSize .and Installation: -Wontilatlon, Elsctris “Wiking, Pass. Box, Epwance, Mumination, Dayand Weesside. (%) ily Conetuction, Typos of Px, Intorulfying Boveans, oreen Chntntvinics, Rate Barth Seveep; Fluoroscopic Seren, Luminesoenee, Safety in Dark Room @ ~ Manual-andAutomatieiProeossing «+ (+ Faultin Radiogeaphy.and Rernedy: (@” Groen Sensitive Filiisy Dry vs. Lésor-Filims; Day Light Provegsing, 5°59 yer peo 130Sb SBCOND YEAR Paper -I Dechniqueof CPSeanand Mammography Technical Aspect-of CT Scan — Inchides ‘A~ (QBasic Computed Tomography. Basic principles of C7, generation of CT, CT instrumentation, image Formation in CT, CT inoage aeconsteuction, Hounsfield unt, CT image qualitys CT image displey, 2 Advanced. Computed Tomography - Helical CT scan: Slip ring technology, advantages, multi detector array telioal CT, cone - beam geometry, reconstruction of helical CT imagesy'CT attitnet, CT angtograpliy, CT fluoroscopy, HRCT, post processing ‘teohniques: MPR, MIP, Min IP, 3D rendering: SSD and VR, CT Dose, patient preparation, Imaging techniques and protocols for various perts of body, CT contrast switaisced protocols -’ CT angiography - (Aortogram, selective angiogram head, neck ‘end periyheral) image documentation and Filing, maintenance of equipment and aocessories B- (1) Technical Aspect of Mammography. Oey (2)Mammography and its clinical application. LaePaper~ It ‘Technique of MRE A- Techniqueof MREIngludes Ji Aslvaaced teehnique de instrumentation of MART 2, Basio-Pilsciplety Spin + precession Yeelnxdtion tine + prlse oyile 7 weighted image T2 weighted image ~ proton density image. 3. Pulse sequence ; Spiin echo pulse sequence’- turbo spin echo: pulse sequence - Gradient echo Seqtence ~ Tucbo gradient echo sulse sequence - Inversion recovery sequence - STIR sequence -SPIR sequence - FLAIR sequence - Echo planar imaging - Advayived puloe sequences. 4. MiR'Insteomentation : Types of magnets - RIP tansmitter RF veosiver - Gradient coils - shim coils - RF sifelding ~ computers, 5, Image formation: 2D Fourier transformation method + K-space repiessitetion - 3D Fourier imaging - MIP. 6 ‘MR contrast media - MR angiography - TOF & PCA - MR Spectroscopy - ‘funotional MRI B- Ultrasonography: Technique ‘Includes : Le Basic Acoustics, Ultrasound terminologies; acoustic pressure, power, intensity, impedance, speed, frequency, 4B notation: relative aeoustic pressure and relative acoustic intensity. Interaction of US with matter: reflection, transmission, scattering, refraction ‘and absorption, attenuation and attenuation coefficients, US machine controls, US focusing, 2 Production of ultrasound: Piezoelectricity, Medical ultrasound transducer : Principle, construction and working, charactevistics:of US beam. 3, Ultrasoxind display modes: A, B, M ome 1 we fren 1324, Redbiime ultvasousid + Line densittitdsftame sate, Real-time ultrasound transduodts etlianigal and electtonto arrays ultresound etifacts, ultesound recording devices and Distanes, aven 85 volume measuzemonts. 5. . . Teeliniques for-imeging:different-anatomio.ateas, ultrasound-artifacts, biological cffogte and safety. 6) “Doppler Uitrasoiied’ Pationt- preparation’ for “Depplet, “Doppler artifacts, vasoulat sonography: i \er, se Ng rc aper It Rediouuctide Timaging~ Nuelear Medicine (A). Prinoiptess Rhysiosio® Ruioactivity, Typenof Radiation, Cyclotron, Badionvelide Generator, Deiectors, Collimsters, Imaging Device, Radiopharmacenticels, Important Other Novlear” Medicine Imaging, SPECT, PET Suannet, Clinieat Application, Cardiac i ‘Imaging, Boneand Liver Scasning, Neuro Psychiatric Application, Bpilepsy, CVS, # ‘Thallium, Stress Testing) Perfusion Iinagings GnLdl Imaging; et. (). Elementary of General Pathology of Health and Disease. Degeneriti6n, Repair -of wound ‘Inflammation, Tumor - Definition, Classification, + Spread (©). Neweu; Developments in Advanced Imaging Pechnology Le In addition to existing Radiological and Imaging ‘Modalitiss -Newer d Developmnets tn Digital Imaging CT, MRI, US-etebany-otherimodality, °2, © Newow Ridialowibal’ and: Imaging Equipment: including: Comprted: radiography: Digitel Reciogtapty, Digits) Fluoroscopy, Digital Mammography end DSA - In(soduotion to NewerTevhnalogy ipovations; software ond itsapplioations: 3, Compute! Tomography Lairaduetiow to: Newer Developments! Newer Technology innbivetions, software and its applications. 4, - MRI Intuodyetion to Newer Developments/Newer Teokmology innovations, software and its applications, 5." Advanced Ultrsonogitpily Newer") “Developments/Newer, ‘Pechnology ignoyetions, software and its applications Elastogtaphy, HIFU, ABVS.2te 6. Fusion-Imaging -PET CT & PET MRI 7, ‘TeleradiologysHIS, RIS, PACS, Imaging Processing and Archiving Detiny oe? ~ wy QO, @ *lost ‘PWT me «pata raters ‘ PU ee cet) wewe cyl - = ? ee a ee ee a ; ~ Son rar