Forests and Climate Change Programme (FORCLIME)

FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE

CHANGE MITIGATION
Indonesian-German expert dialogue in the framework
of a fact-finding tour from August 25 to September 1, 2013
 ExpErt ExchangE
Indonesia – germany
Indonesian forests significantly differ from the
German Black Forest (Schwarzwald). For this particu-
lar reason, 18 officials of the Indonesian Forestry and
Planning Ministry travelled to Baden-Württemberg
to meet with their colleagues of ForstBW.
Their common goal is the international exchange of
experience in the field of close to nature and sustain-
able forest management.
To date, Indonesia is still among the largest green-
house gas emitters. With the passing of a National
Action Plan for the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions in 2011, the Indonesian government took
on the challenge of mitigating climate deteriorating
processes, generating sustainable economic growth,
and enabling an improvement of people’s living
conditions.
In 2009 the “Forests and Climate Change Pro-
gramme” (FORCLIME) was established to support
these efforts. In this context, in August 2013 a
fact-finding mission of an Indonesian delegation to
Germany took place. Through this expert dialogue
the Indonesian visitors wanted to acquire important
know-how in order to reorganize forest management
in their own country and implement climate change
mitigation actions.
Through a diverse programme, such as lectures,
discussions, and fieldtrips, the participants are able
to get a better understanding of the Black Forest and
the nearby city of Freiburg. The programme received
special support from the German Federal Ministry
for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bunde-
sministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit
und Entwicklung, BMZ) which commissioned the
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusamme-
narbeit (GIZ) and the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
(KfW) with its implementation in cooperation with
the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry.
gIZ
As a worldwide German Federal enterprise active
in promoting international cooperation for sus-
tainable development, the Deutsche Gesellschaft
für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ)
supports the German Federal Government to
achieve its political development goals.
It promises sustainable solutions for political,
economic, ecological, and social development in
a globalized world and promotes complex re-
forms or transformation processes, even under
difficult circumstances. Its goal is to sustainably
improve the people’s living conditions.

Page 1
 IntroductIon
Indonesia is targeting an annual economic growth of
7%. At the same time, the country’s greenhouse gas
emissions, which in worldwide comparison are
significantly high, should be reduced by 26% in the
year 2020. The decisive contribution to this target
shall be derived from the forestry sector. To achieve
the targeted objective of reducing emissions requires
a fundamental reform in the forestry sector. The
Indonesian-German development cooperation
supports the Indonesian forest management reform
through the Forests and Climate Change Programme
(FORCLIME), with which the responsibility for man-
aging forests in the decentralized state structure will
rest on so called Forest Management Units. As a
result, all forest areas will come under a regulated
management that will better supervise commercial
logging and provide a legal basis for the land use
rights of the local population. The forest manage-
ment reform is an important prerequisite to limiting
loss of forests, forest degradation, and CO2 emis-
sions.
The FORCLIME programme has from the beginning
sought the exchange of experience between the
Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and the Forestry
Services in Germany. A series of fact-finding tours
have promoted the bilateral expert dialogue on forest
reform processes. In this context, at the invitation of
ForstBW, a fact-finding tour of an Indonesian delega-
tion to Baden-Württemberg took place from August
25 to September 1, 2013. In the framework of a
Page 2
diverse programme, the Indonesian delegation was
offered the opportunity to seek comprehensive
information on topics such as forest management
reform, national park management, community
forest management, collective forest enterprise,
renewable energy, and climate change and conduct
technical dialogues with their German colleagues.
The result of this Indonesian-German exchange of
information represents an additional important
contribution to the longstanding successful develop-
ment cooperation in the forestry sector. Through this
brochure we would like to document the course of
the fact-finding tour.
On behalf of FORCLIME and the delegation we take
this opportunity to thank all co-workers of ForstBW
for the invitation and the highly interesting pro-
gramme. We would also like to convey our special
thanks to the organizers and the accompanying
persons of the fact-finding tour, as well as the repre-
sentatives of the companies, organizations, and
institutions we visited.
Jakarta, October 2013
Helmi Basalamah, Head of Planning Bureau,
Indonesian Ministry of Forestry
Rolf Krezdorn, FORCLIME Programme Director, GIZ
 Economic function
• Private timber industry
• National economic factors
• Jobs
• Livelihood security
• Tourism
• Hunting
• Research

Social function
• Local recreational area
• Health
• Education
• Hiking
• Cycling

Ecological function
thE BLacK ForESt • Climate change mitigation
• Nature conservation
Black Forest is located in the South Western part of • Carbon storage
the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg and is • Emission reduction
Germany’s largest continuous forest area. The • Biodiversity conservation
dense, mixed forest comprising mostly spruce, fir, • Air pollution control
and beech covers an area of about 8,000 square • Soil conservation
kilometres over a low mountain range with heights • Water pollution control
of up to 1,493 meter. Almost 40% of the federal state
is covered with forests.

The natural habitat is characterized by large differ-

Functions of
ences in altitude, by mountains, valleys, and lakes the forest
which form the underlying basis of the extraordinary
diversity in flora and fauna. The overly fertility of the Forests have many functions and for generations
region can be attributed to a balanced ratio of humans and animals have utilized them in many
sunshine and rainfall: The Rhein valley and the diverse ways. However, all of them can be catego-
foothills of Black Forest are predominantly marked rized in three central core functions: Economy,
by vineyards, and intensive cultivation of fruits and environment, and society. The ecological, economic,
vegetables. Animal husbandries are found in the and social functions of forests interact with each
scarcely vegetated hills of the southern Black Forest; other and reaching the consensus of all interests is
North Black Forest is marked by sustainable forestry part of sustainable and close to nature forestry.
and timber processing industry. Utilization of the
Black Forest by humans has been practiced for many
centuries. Over time the ownership and utilization
forms underwent a progressive transformation. In
many parts of the Black Forest traditional small-scale
forest management practices by farmers are still
dominant. Destructive forest exploitation practices
such as charcoal burning, glass blowing workshops,
and wood pastures have been replaced by sustain-
able forestry in the 19th century.

Forest and timber industries are the most significant

economic factors in the region. “Therefore we must
work with nature – not against it. Only then is a
sustainable forest industry possible,” says Josef
Nolle, who works as a forester in the Black Forest.
Ruthless exploitation of forests, as took place in the
past centuries have today given way to a sustainable
forestry from the ecological, economic, and social
perspective.

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Halaman 4
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ForEStrY SErVIcE coMpanIES
Waldservice ortenau eg, ohlsbach

Waldservice ortenau, auf dem grün 1, 77797 ohlsbach

www.waldservice-ortenau.de

The Ortenau district has 47,800 hectares of forest

area and lies in Baden-Württemberg’s most forested
region. This is where Waldservice Ortenau eG,
(WSO) is located. Kurt Weber, one of the board mem-
bers, describes: “We are a 100% forestry service
company and act in the interest of and according to
the needs of our members.” Currently members of
the WSO come from 22 communities and six collec-
tive forest enterprises.

Services offered by WSO are marked by their diver-

sity and stipulated in management contracts with
the forest owners. The association organizes all
necessary measures: “We purchase the timber from
our members, sell it to the industry and receive a
previously agreed fee per cubic meter for marketing
the wood,” explains Weber.
The profits WSO earns at the timber market go back
to the clients, communities and cities, as well as to
the private forest owners.
Kurt Weber sketches the daily challenges: “We have
to deal with steep slopes on rural and federal roads.
In the area near public roads it is not possible to
simply cut down trees, we have to take the neces-
sary safety aspects into account. This requires
thorough expertise.” This expert knowledge is being
taught to students at training centres recognized by
the state. In total, the association employs 32 perma-
nent co-workers, of which 17 are foresters. They are
there to ensure that the forest is being managed
professionally.
In addition, we also offer marketing of wood by-
products for energy generation. “We would like to
contribute to nature conservation by promoting the
development of renewable energy,” says Weber and
continues: “We are trying to promote the use of
renewable resources in this sector in order to meet
the objectives of climate change mitigation.”
Services offered
Forestry services
• Sustainable management and tending of
communal and private forest areas
• Planning and implementation of logging
activities
• Problem and special logging
• Wood storage
• Training
Marketing of wood products
• Sale of logs
• Value increase of raw materials through bulk
purchasing from small-scale buyers
• Allocation of funds for self-advertising
Value creation of residual material
• Wood chip production using own high
capacity chipper
• Marketing of wood by-products
• Sale of wood for energy generation to large-
scale buyers and regional companies
Distribution of harvested timber
60% Saw mills and timber industry
20% Pulp and paper industry
20% Energy generation

As a forest service provider Waldservice Orte-

nau manages 22,491 hectares of forests
40% Private forests
60% Community forests

Page 5
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thE prIVatE ForESt
Forest Management unit Vorderes Kinzigtal
Forest Management unit Vorderes Kinzigtal
Josef nolle, auf dem grün 1, 77797 ohlsbach
Forestry service in
private forests
The Black Forest is among the forest areas in Ger-
many with the highest diversity of species. Due to
favourable climate conditions, the forests in this area
show a high annual increment which ranks in the
highest range of the possible. For the past eight
years Joseph Nolle has been the head of the
Forest Management Unit. Within the scope of his
responsibility is the private forest where he has to
look after about 2,000 hectares. Commissioned by
the forest administration he supports private forest
owners in the implementation of close to nature
and sustainable forestry.
Joseph Nolle describes himself as a “service pro-
vider to private forest owners” by “helping them to
generate income in rural areas.” Subject to the
wishes of the forest owner, the forester can take care
of the entire maintenance and management of the
forest or take over only individual assignments.
Scope of tasks
In private forests
• Looking after private forests
• Secure sustainable forestry based on
forestry laws
• Determine the annual allowable cut according
to the forest management plan
• Close to nature silviculture
• Proper execution of logging activities:
Personnel management and logistics
• Organizing timber sales
• Hunting, to maintain a balanced ecosystem
Administrative tasks
• Communication between timber
owner and seller
• Transfer of money
• Board of the associations
Infrastructure
• Organizing and supervision of road
construction through the forest
Page 6
GIZ: Consultations and knowledge sharing
between private forest owners and foresters
ensures sustainable forestry. How do you
provide additional assistance to private forest
owners?
Josef Nolle: A forester organizes the technical
work and makes the timber of the private forest
owner marketable. In total, I organize about
50% of the timber harvest. For a forest owner it
is much more economically efficient when I
combine various tasks and outsource their
execution, rather than they have to buy their
own expensive machinery and equipment. But
there are also many forest owners who are
forestry entrepreneurs. Their companies have
their own machines with which they, upon my
order, carry out work for their neighbours.
GIZ: That sounds like regional and close neigh-
bourly cooperation.
Josef Nolle: I mostly collaborate with experts
from the region. They know the area best and
can therefore guarantee the best quality. They
know that during wood harvesting special
attention is necessary to avoid damage to the
regrowing trees. Replanting is very expensive.
At the end of the day, gentle wood harvesting
pays off and is more economical.
GIZ: You are taking care of around 8,000 private
forest owners. Which forest managers are your
clients, and why do they hire your services?
Josef Nolle: There are forest owners who live
far away from the forest and pursue other
kinds of employment. There are for example
farmers who own orchards as well as private
forests. They do have the machinery for fruit
harvesting but not for forestry. These private
forest owners engage my services.
GIZ: Can these forest owners entrust you with
the entire work?
Josef Nolle: Certainly they can. But that rarely
happens because to me it is very important
that those owners identify themselves with
their forests and know what is happening to
them. Every year I take the forest owner on a
walk trough the forests and we plan on the spot
what can and must be done in the forest.
 cultivating douglas fir
Caused by the climate change, Europe may
have to face warmer and drier climate condi-
tions in the future. This poses a special chal-
lenge to the forestry sector, in particular
regarding the choice of suitable tree species.
The Douglas fir can grow on many different
sites and shows a tolerance towards dryness
and unfavourable light conditions. It is a
robust conifer which rapidly gains in diameter
and grows very tall. This makes cultivating the
Douglas fir not only economically justifiable,
but at also contributes to the mitigation of
risks a forest has to face under changing
environmental conditions. Because of its
adaptability the Douglas fir is particularly
suitable for rehabilitating forest areas de-
stroyed by storms or other environmental
factors. The wood of the Douglas fir can be
used in many ways. It can be used as con-
struction wood and also for interior design
such as doors, windows or floors. In addition,
there are a number of special applications
such as ship masts, rail ties or barrels.

Page 7
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“EchtLE” SaW MILL
Quality wood from the Black Forest

Sägewerk Echtle Kg, talstraße 12, 77787 nordrach

www.echtle-holz.de

The Echtle saw mill in Nordrach employs 40 co-

workers who, in a two-shift system, process conifer
wood from the Black Forest. At an annual cut of
45,000 solid cubic meters, a volume of seven
truck-loads is processed daily. In order to fulfil both
the demands of the forest and those of the enter-
prises, wood buyers and foresters decide together
in the forest which spruce or firs should be harvest-
ed. As soon as these up to 120 year old trees arrive
at the company’s compound, the processing starts.
Echtle produces various knotless wood products
for the domestic as well as the international market,
for example: squared timber, solid floorboards,
Totenbrettchen (boards on which the deceased are
rested), laminated panels, and many more. What is
special about this saw mill is that they generate
energy from their own waste. Production residuals
are completely converted into energy.
Wood processing stages at
the saw mill
• First quality control by co-workers
• Division into three quality classes
• A metal detector examines the wood for
slivers, nails, and other metal parts in
order to prevent damage to the machines
• Debarking of the logs and relocation of
the bark via a conveyer belt
• Logs are cut into parts using a band saw
• Five-meter long logs are, according to quality,
processed in eight different ways
• According to the cut, the wood is transferred
to different processing lanes
• Technical quality control
• Optical devises recognize quality defects in
the raw material
• Automatic circular saws cut out defective
wood parts
• Flawless timber is being sorted based on size
and proceeded to the next production steps

Page 8
 Energy generation from
co2-neutral by-products
Echtle invested in renewable energy and has
installed an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power
Generator on its company compound.
During the wood production process saw mill waste
products such as bark, chips, saw dust, or wood
are produced and set aside because of inferior
quality. This type of “waste” is completely used for
energy generation and burned in the OCR power
generator.

In this way Echtle produces more power daily than it

consumes. According to the German Renewable
Energy Act, the electricity produced must be sold
and fed into the electricity grid. This is how the
company succeeds in supplying the neighbouring
hospital with heat and making additional profits.

Energy generation in the

Harald Bröker
Procurement manager at the Echtle saw mill
GIZ: Every day you generate more electric
power and heat than needed for your saw mill.
What will happen to the surplus in the future?
Harald Bröker: From our bark waste we pro-
duce around 100 kWh more electricity than we
need. Therefore, this winter we will distribute
our surplus through a district heating grid to a
nearby village where we provide energy from
renewable resources to those who are willing
to, for instance to a clinic, a hotel, the commu-
nity hall, the town hall and private households.
The expansion of the heating grid connections
from our saw mill into the neighbouring village
are currently under construction.
orc power generator
• Saw mill waste is channelled from the produc
tion line through conveyer belts into the ORC
Power Generator
• Power generation starts in the ORC installation
through a steam turbine, which is not driven by
water vapour, but from organic liquid with low
evaporation point
• The heat produced in a closed circuit is then
used for heating
additional value of the
power generator
• Energy generation from renewable resources
• CO2-neutral power generation
• Covers the increasing need for energy
and heat
• Utilization of all residual by-products

Yield of the closed circuit

Electricity: 1 MWh Heat: 4 MWh

Page 9
Halaman 10
Halaman 11
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proFIt IncrEaSE through
Wood gaSIFIcatIon – Stephan diener

Stephan Diener is a private forest owner and forest-

er. He fells timber for forest owners with self-owned
machines and transports them to saw mills. Some
tree parts cannot be processed at the mills and are
thus set aside as seemingly worthless by-products.

In October 2012 Stephan Diener built a wood gasifier

on his company’s compound. In order to work more
economically, electricity and heat are produced
from residual wood material. His target is to feed the
energy produced into the public grid and earn
additional profits.

At a weekly wood chip consumption of 20 m3,

Stephan Diener produces 45 kWh of electricity, of
which an additional 120 kWh of thermal discharge is
generated. The heat is a by-product generated by
the engine’s cooling system. In summer the heat is
used to dry wood chips, in winter it is fed into the
public heat grid and provides households with heat.
All year long the electric power is sold and fed into
Stephan Diener
the grid.
Private forest owner

GIZ: How would you evaluate the wood gasifi-

cation installation at your company?
Stephan Diener: In my opinion, it can’t be any
better! What is produced in conventional
power plants, we produce here from renew-
able energy. We achieve a double value crea-
tion from wood chips. The investment was
worth it.

Wood gasification
• A kettle is filled with dry wood chips.
Moisture content <10%
• Wood chips are turned into
charcoal at 900°C
• Wood gas develops
• The gas is cleansed of coal particles
through a filter
• Clean wood gas drives the turbine
and produces electricity
• Pure carbon is left behind
• Residue is returned into the natural
cycle as fertilizer

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Halaman 13
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FSc / pEFc
cErtIFIcatIon
regional administration (regierungspräsidium) Freiburg
Bertoldstraße 43, 79114 Freiburg
www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de
In 1992 a United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development took place in Rio de Janeiro.
During the conference, principles for sustainable
development and environmentally friendly econo-
mies were adopted. Based on these statutes, in 1993
the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was estab-
lished. In 1999 support for sustainable forest man-
agement was further secured through the “Pro-
gramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
Schemes“ (PEFC).
Nowadays, FSC and PEFC are the most important
certification systems for wood from proven sustain-
able forestry. Independent surveyors periodically
determine whether all certification requirements are
fulfilled. Following an examination, regions
and companies are granted a seal of approval which
helps to position themselves positively on the
market.
Demand for ecologically sound, socially compliant,
economically and sustainably produced wood
products is continually rising. Both certification
schemes ensure responsible interaction with
the environment and match the growing consumer
demand for products that have been produced
sustainably.
certified forest areas
1,100,000 hectares in Baden-Württemberg (82%)
7,700,000 hectares in Germany (70%)
90,900,000 hectares in Europe (3.3%)
Significant differences between
the certification schemes
FSC – Seal of approval for companies
• International accrediting system
• International FSC standards are compulsory
FSC – seal of approval for companies
• National accrediting system
• National standards are compulsory
Page 14
Julius Forneck
Forest Service Officer
GIZ: You are working at the Ministry for Rural
Affairs and Consumer Protection in Baden-Würt-
temberg. Eighty-two per cent of your region has
been PEFC certified. In addition currently efforts
are made to obtain FSC certification. What is the
added value of having double certification?
Julius Forneck: Firstly, the sustainable forest
management we practice will be further empha-
sized. Secondly, by having both certifications
we can better meet the growing demand for
certified wood.
GIZ: In the production of certified wood there
are stringent laws and regulations that must be
strictly adhered to. What is the situation like
regarding the implementation of the FSC guide-
lines?
Julius Forneck: Black Forest has been PEFC
certified for more than ten years. This applies to
state, community, and private forests. We do
not have problems any more in implementing
these guidelines. With FSC we have to work
more with the public since the FSC certification
has more stringent criteria, for example about
the use of wood preservatives and pest man-
agement in forests. This applies to living trees
as well as harvested timber. Therefore we have
to encourage our forest owners to participate
more often in the discussions.
GIZ: New restrictions demand an adjustment in
the production techniques which often comes
with higher expenditures. How do small
forest enterprises succeed in complying with all
guidelines?
Julius Forneck: Under the PEFC scheme group
certifications are possible. This is also aimed
at in FSC. Following the implementation, private
forest enterprises can also consolidate and be
certified.
 ForESt adMInIStratIon rEForM
Baden-Württemberg / Forest directorate Freiburg

regional administration (regierungspräsidium) Freiburg

Bertoldstraße 43, 79114 Freiburg
www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de

Following successful reforms of the past years with

union-approved personnel reduction of 40% and
achieving an efficiency rate of 20%, the administra-
tive structure has been further optimized.
In 2010 the Administrative Reform Act was passed
and the Landesbetrieb (state enterprise) ForstBW
established. With its establishment the enterprise, its
services, and forest management authorities were
restructured.
Basah Hernowo
Mr Hauck is the Leading Forest Director at ForstBW
Director of Forestry and Water Resources,
and in charge of the silviculture, forest conservation,
Indonesian Agency for National Development
and climate change department. He assesses the
Planning (BAPPENAS)
advantages of the reforms as follows: “Concerning
the forest and forestry, we now have an assertive
GIZ: During your visit, you exchanged views on
management with direct communication. Our techni-
forest administration reforms with co-workers
cal competence is very powerful. In technical mat-
of ForstBW. How is forest management admin-
ters we work independently and have our own
istration currently structured in Indonesia?
budget. In matters of personnel management there
Hernowo: The forest administration in Indone-
is still room for improvement. Currently efforts are
sia is decentralized. There is on one side the
under way to fine-tune the administration reform.“
state forest management which is concerned
with financing and environmental laws,
and has a supervisory function over the district
governments. The district governments are
then responsible for their respective depart-
ments, economic feasibility of forest manage-
ment, and implementation of practical nature
conservation. 16 million hectares of natural
forests are managed locally. These areas
are very vulnerable to illegal logging and forest
fires. We hope to be able to change the situa-
tion through our continuous forest manage-
ment reforms. In this matter the exchange with
colleagues from ForstBW is very helpful.

GIZ: Why is international cooperation

important for climate change mitigation in
Indonesia?
Hernowo: The causes of climate change are
global. Therefore we can only offset deficits
and develop solution strategies through
international cooperation. We have to
exchange knowledge and act in concert.
Through academic, technical, and economic
exchange we can better learn from each
other and find solutions.

Page 15
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ForEStrY pLannIng
planning of State and community Forests
regional administration (regierungspräsidi-
um) FreiburgBertoldstraße 43, 79114 Freiburg
www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de
Forest management planning (Forsteinrichtung) is a
planning instrument to ensure professional, thor-
ough, and sustainable forest management.
Forest planning is necessary to prevent forest
destruction by the wood-using industry. Since the
16th century efforts have been made to protect
forests and since the year 1822 forest management
planning became compulsory in Germany. Forest
management planning takes place at ten-year inter-
vals. It sets the scope of use for the next decade.
Forest management planning enables long-term
monitoring of forest development. In addition, a
forester is responsible for annual assessments and
monitoring of enforcement.
The combination of long-term monitoring and
periodic inspections has a supervisory function and
helps to improve sustainable forest use.
Factors of forest planning
• Objective of the forest owner, whether private
or state
• Natural and site-related factors
• Climatic changes
• Sustainability
• Conservation of biodiversity
Page 16
Hubertus von der Goltz
Forestry Director
GIZ: Forestry planning is part of the Federal
State Forest Act. It includes many guidelines and
details regarding forest use and forest manage-
ment in Baden-Württemberg. What are the key
statements of the Act?
Goltz: In its basic outlines, the law requires
scheduled, professional, thorough and sustain-
able forest management.
GIZ: The strict guidelines of the State Forest
Act are binding for all forest owners, whether
state or privately owned. Do these laws present
obstacles for the commercial exploitation of
forests?
Goltz: Together with the forest owner, focus
areas regarding the exploitation are determined
prior to the forest management planning. Pro-
duction, recreational, and protective functions
of the forest area will be taken into account.
These objectives are then included in the forest
management planning. Conflicting objectives
should be resolved through various uses within
a forest enterprise. One of the central tasks of
the forest management planning is to find a way
between economic interests and nature
conservation.
GIZ: During forest management planning,
electronic data are collected about the forest, its
size and the current state of the area. The in-
sights obtained during their inquiry are made
accessible to the public. What is the role of
digitizing the information for both your work and
the citizens?
Goltz: Electronic data processing (EDP) is very
important for us. It serves as a record of all
measurements, and at the same time we can
compare and assess how the forest develops
over a long period of time. It can also inform the
public through an internet platform about the
state and planning of the forest itself. Thus, EDP
is a necessary tool for us and makes it possible
for the community to participate in many proc-
esses. That would not be possible without
digital capture.
 the three stages of forest
management planning
Forest inventory
• Recording the state of the forest
through sampling
• Measuring inventory: Size of trees, variety
of tree species, rejuvenation, and damage are
recorded

Monitoring
• Monitoring compliance during operations
over the last ten years
• Implementation of agreed objectives by
forest owners and foresters are checked
• Changes during the past years
• Development of the forest
• Where have additional damages occurred

Planning
• Timber utilization, intensity of intervention,
natural rejuvenation and setup of nursing areas
• Integration of nature conservation measures

Page 17
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natIonaL parK oF thE BLacK ForESt
protective Forest “Wild Lake” (Wilder See)
naturschutzzentrum ruhestein in Black Forest
(nature conservation centre)
Schwarzwaldhochstraße 2 77889 Seebach
www.naturschutzzentrum-ruhestein.de

In 1911 an area of 75 hectares in Baiersbronn was

designated as a protected forest to give it a chance
to recover from ruthless exploitation and deforesta-
tion as it had been used as pastures for cattle
herding in the past. In the centre of the area is the
Wilde Lake offering vital drinking water to livestock
and wildlife. Nowadays a nature reserve borders the
protection forest. It is characterized by scarcely
vegetated areas and highland marches. This envi-
ronment offers an ideal habitat for the wood grouse
and other wildlife. The Forestry Service (Forstamt)
manages the reserve to artificially preserve this
habitat, which would otherwise be subject to a
continuous change process through natural succes-
sion.

Mr. Ziegler, Forestry Director in Baiersbronn, ex-

plains the essential difference between a national
park (Nationalpark) and a nature reserve (Natur-
schutzgebiet): “The nature reserve serves the
purpose of preserving the current state and the
national park encourages the natural process of
change. What happens in the nature reserve is
regulated by the foresters. The development of a
national park, however, is only known by nature.”

Benefits for the region

• The establishment of an information centre
and an administrative centre
• New jobs
• Enhanced tourist facilities
• Investments in the infrastructure and
Today, for nearly 100 years the protection forest has
expansion of the local transportation network
stayed untouched by the people. In January 2014
Baden-Württemberg’s first National Park will be
established in the same area, stretching across 10,000
hectares. Only up to a maximum of 25% of the area
concerns of the population
would then be allowed for cultivation. In the remain-
ing 75% of the forest nature would be allowed to
• Decline in biodiversity
reign.
• Restricted use of the local forest
• Negative changes of scenery and landscape
People may only observe what is happening. The
• Economic losses through restructuring of
debate around the establishment of a national parked
recreational facilities
stirred up emotions. The likely impacts of the national
park on the biodiversity, on tourism, and the natural
state of the forest, are a question that can only be
answered over time. In the meantime, politicians and
citizens continue their debate.

Page 18
Halaman 19
national park
Advantages
• Natural dynamics of forests can take place
• Scientific research about fully
protected areas
• Old trees can store more CO2
• Deadwood stays in the forest
• Natural nutrievnt cycle

Disadvantages
• Pest control may only be undertaken at a
limited scale and pests may spread to
managed forests
• Possible decline in biodiversity as
endangered species will no longer receive
special protection

nature reserve
Advantages
• Flora and fauna will be protected
by foresters
• Biodiversity will be maintained in its
actual state and promoted
• Current tree composition remains
unchanged
• Exploitation may only take place if it
serves species protection

Disadvantages
• Protection applies to everything,
no matter if native, close to nature or not

Page 20
Page 21
29
august
LotharpFad
Wood damage, recovery, reforestation

Lotharpfad, 72270 Baiersbronn

www.schwarzwald.com

On December 26, 1999 hurricane “Lothar” raged

over large parts of Europe. Within a few minutes the
hurricane also caused huge damages in Black Forest
which are still felt to this day. In total, “Lothar”
destroyed 40,000 hectares of forest area. Later, a
total of 700,000 cubic meter of wind-blown timber,
representing 16 times the annual timber cut, had to
be recovered.

Ten hectares of the affected area were not cleared

after the storm but left to nature and its self-healing
power. It was there where Lotharpfad (Lothar path)
was built in 2003. Via a 800 meter long path the
storm-affected area can be explored. Information
panels explain about the storm damage, natural
regrowth, and the growing biodiversity. Mr Ziegler,
Forest Director in Baiersbronn, explains the reason
for leaving the storm-affected areas untouched as
follows: “On the one hand it serves to show how
storm damage at this scale looks like. On the other
hand, it demonstrates what happens to deadwood if
it is not cleared and how nature deals with it.“

After the second world war this area was ruthlessly

exploited to enable the country to pay for war
reparations. Following the deforestation, fast grow-
ing spruce in monocultures was planted. “The
Lotharpfad shows,” continues Ziegler “that obvi-
ously natural forests grow differently than those
under human intervention. In general natural forests
are richer in structure, have a higher biodiversity,
grow more densely, and are less vulnerable to pests
and diseases. We can see how a forests regenerates
by itself and which trees survive naturally.”

Page 22
 Indra Kumara
Head of Planning Division of Kapuas Hulu
Forestry Administration District Office

GIZ: Mr. Kumara, your tasks include taking

care of an area with two national parks in
West Kalimantan. How important are the
protected areas for your work?
Kumara: Under my care is an area with the
largest peat forest, many lakes and the
source of a river which supplies the entire
area south of the park with clean water.
Only 20% of the area under my care can be
used for forestry. So in order to stay eco-
nomically efficient we have to invest in
ecologically sustainable tourism. Our plan
for the next five years is to expand the
ecotouristic sector. Therefore the infrastruc-
ture must be expanded and recreational
facilities extended.

GIZ: During the establishment of the Nation-

al Park in Baden-Württemberg discussions
seem never-ending. To resolve the conflicts,
demoscopic surveys were carried out to
allow the community to participate in the
decision-making process. What is the con-
clusion you can draw for your work?
Kumara: Conflict management during the
debates on the National Park in the Black
Forest was particularly interesting. Social
forestry has become increasingly important
in Indonesia. We would also like to commu-
nicate with the local community to finally
work out mutually satisfactory solutions.

Page 23
30
august
ForEStrY ExpErIMEntaL and rESEarch
InStItutE BadEn-WürttEMBErg
FVa – Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt
Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100 Freiburg im Breisgau
www.fva-bw.de
The Forestry Experimental and Research Institute
Baden-Württemberg (FVA) is one of the largest
German institutes in this field. The FVA is under the
Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection in
Stuttgart, and organization-wise connected to
ForstBW. The practice-oriented studies of the Busi-
ness Research Institute (Betriebsforschungsinstituts)
focus on the concerns of the forestry sector. Not only
private, community and state forests will benefit
from the research, but also international climate
research.
65-70% of the institute’s budget come from the
national budget. The funds provided are designated
for research projects and personnel costs. In addi-
tion, the FVA receives external funding from re-
search institutions and the European Union.
The FVA has been practicing research for already 130
years. Today the research institute has 210 employ-
ees dealing with critical issues on forests and climate
change. The FVA is organized into nine departments.
The board is responsible for administrative tasks
such as supervision and management, but also
public relations. The remaining eight departments
devote themselves to research on forests, from both
the perspective of social and natural sciences.
Page 24
Structure of the FVa
Forest growth
Network of experimental areas, quality and
susceptibility to damage, growth and environ-
ment, growth simulation
Forest conservation
Tree nursery, forest genetics, forest protected
areas, site/ soil science and site mapping, forest
biotope mapping, wildlife ecology
Soil and environment
Forestry environmental monitoring, forest and
water, regionalization of soil data, soil physics,
forest nutrition and melioration, forest nutrient
balance
Forest conservation
Integrated forest conservation – forest pathol-
ogy, pest control and forecast
Forest and society
Sustainability and multifunctional forestry,
recreation and tourism in the forest, landscape
care
Forest use
Timber harvesting and logistics, forest mensu-
ration and sorting, applied wood research,
products and marketing, energy wood
Forest economy
Test operating networks (Testbetriebsnetze),
economics of forestry, forest business manage-
ment, multi-dimensional instruments
Biometry and informatics
Forest inventories, model development, re-
search on climate impacts and integrated risk
management, software solutions, statistics and
GIS consulting, IT and GIS techniques

Medical technology in
wood processing
A current FVA research project is: “What Makes
Wood so Attractive?” The market psychological
research looks at which natural properties to wood
surfaces are perceived positively by consumers. On
this basis, technical procedures are being developed,
which ensure the resource-efficient processing of
timber. For research purposes, newly felled trees are
screened using computer tomography (CT) X-rays.
The internal tree structure will be accurately visual-
ized and will allow a three-dimensional view to
recognize defects such as knots, cracks and resin
inclusions. The advantage is that the process is
completed before further processing of the timber.
The imaging process helps to create a perfect cut
pattern and to economically utilize wood.
Franka Brüchert, the person responsible for scientific
matters describes the economic relevance of the
project as follows: “Everyone needs industrial wood,
however, it is a limited commodity. The less waste is
produced during wood processing, the less raw
material needs to be removed from the forest and
the higher the revenues obtained.”
Page 25
Franka Brüchert
In charge of scientific matters of the re-
search project “What Makes Wood so
Attractive?“
GIZ: Your research has just started and the
use of computed tomography in the wood
industry is not common. Which benefits can
be obtained from your long-term study for
production?
Brüchert: The device is in its early testing
phase which is only the beginning for its
industrial implementation. Thanks to our
research, we will be able to use wood
resources better and more efficiently by
applying sawing techniques with lower
losses. For which specific areas of applica-
tion we can use this technique still has to be
proven in the future.
GIZ: Consuming less resources will be
beneficial for environmental and climate
protection but will also cause a decreasing
demand for raw materials. Won’t this lead to
less profits for forest owners and the wood
processing industry?
Brüchert: Obviously there is criticism from
the wood industry. Some say we would
malign their wood, while others fear a
reduction in their profits. For sure, lumber
and construction timber need to be of high
grade in order to remain marketable. With
our technique we can identify more details
and so optimize the use of the raw material.
The wood remains the same but the quality
of the final product will be enhanced. This
will certainly become apparent in the mon-
etary value of the wood. I think that our
technology will pay off.
Klaus von Wilpert
Head of the Soil and Environment Department

GIZ: Your practice-oriented studies find them-

selves between basic research, ecology and
administration. Do your findings at the FVA
have a direct impact on politics?
Von Wilpert: What I can say about the FVA is
that we do not have direct political decision-
making authority. We can influence political
decisions through our advice by conducting
research, overseeing operations and providing
forecasts. Laws and guidelines may be adopted
on the basis of our work, but in the end it is
politicians who pass the laws. Nevertheless, we
have an influence and that we will also use it.

GIZ: What are the latest findings of the FVA

which will reach the political level?
Von Wilpert: Our long-term measurements and
observations show how the nutrient cycle of
the forest has changed because of modern
forest management. Today, logs are no longer
debarked in the forest but at the sawmill. If the
nutrient rich bark is removed from the ecosys-
tem, the nutrient content of the soil decreases.
This leads to discrepancies in the debate on
sustainability. To this effect, we have developed
strategies how to prevent the situation and
these are now being discussed.

GIZ: What are the possible actions taken?

Von Wilpert: There were considerations to cut
less wood to reduce the loss of nutrients. But
our studies show that we could increase the
volume harvested and use up to 30% of the
logging volume for energy generation. The ash
produced could then be returned to the forest.
It is scientifically proven that overexploitation
of the forests would be counterproductive.

Page 26
Page 27
Halaman 28
31
august
IntErVIEWS
Wilistra Danny
Head of Bilateral Cooperation Division
GIZ: You are the head of the Division for
International Cooperation. Why is this
exchange so important for the Indonesian
delegation?
Danny: We need an active exchange of knowl-
edge to continually improve the conditions for
an economical, ecological, and social forest
management. In Indonesia there is still a gap
between high-yielding forest exploitation and
environmental protection. Through this coop-
eration we would like to accumulate insights in
order to how to change the situation in Indone-
sia.
GIZ: What will those future changes look like?
Danny: We need to reform our forest manage-
ment, adopt sustainability laws and would like
to cooperate as a trusted international partner.
To this end, we need the expert dialogue to
identify vulnerabilities and develop common
solutions to climate change mitigation. In this
way we can extend our knowledge about
climate-friendly and sustainable forest man-
agement.
Page 29
Tonny Suhartono
Head of Regional Forestry Development
GIZ: For you, issues such as environmental
protection and climate change are part of
your daily professional life. What is most
interesting to you in a city such as Freiburg?
Suhartono: Freiburg is an excellent example
of a “green city”. Usually, I obtain my infor-
mation from the Internet. But now I can
make myself a picture of how climate-friend-
ly measures are implemented and what
positive effects they have on the quality of
air and life.
GIZ: What will you pass on to your fellow
people following your visit in Freiburg?
Suhartono: The Indonesian people are in a
continues learning process. I would like to
further raise the awareness of the next
generation about climate protection and
sustainability. I will tell them about the
benefits of a modern and economically
active life style, which does not exclude
nature conservation.
Helmi Basalamah
Head of Planning Bureau
GIZ: You are head of the planning bureau at the
Ministry of Forestry. Which aspects of the coop-
eration with Baden-Württemberg were particu-
larly interesting for you?
Basalamah: Two aspects were particularly helpful
to my work at the Ministry of Forestry. Firstly, I
have observed how sustainable forest manage-
ment is practiced in Germany. Secondly, I have
learnt which strategies are effective in reducing
CO2 emissions. In terms of content, our delega-
tion is now informed. In the near future we will
examine which methods can be applied in Indo-
nesia.
GIZ: In Indonesia issues around social forest
management have become increasingly urgent.
Have you discovered any possible solutions for
your home country during your stay in the Black
Forest?
Basalamah: We observed how the government
works together with the people.
In dialogues they develop joint solutions for
nature conservation. This will affect forest plan-
ning, reduction of emissions as well as the use of
wood and forest. The well-trained foresters
function as intermediaries between the state and
the people. This is a concept proven over a long
period of time.
 rEcrEatIon and tourISM

opEn aIr MuSEuM

VogtSBauErnhoF
August 27
The Vogtsbauernhof (Vogts farm) shows visitors that
over the centuries, the forest and the history of its
use have changed. We have learned that only
through sustainable interaction with nature, man
and his environment will find harmony in order to
achieve long-term benefits from each other.

SuMMEr toBoggan run

August 27
In winter the hills of the Black Forest provide a
perfect opportunity for skiing. To have the fun
continue also in summer, the Black Forest Toboggan
Run invites to go on a fast sledge ride.

LaKE tItI (tItISEE)

August 28
A boat tour on the Titisee showed the magnificence
of the Black Forest. Beautiful landscapes can be seen
from the deck of the boat. From the water, the hills of
the Black Forest rise on both sides.

FrEIBurg IM BrEISgau
August 31
A city tour through Freiburg on the last travel day
brought the visit to Black Forest to a successful end.
The participants of the fact-finding tour have learned
more about the history and culture of the Breisgau
area and were able to get first-hand experiences
about the benefits of well-managed forests.
Freiburg is governed by a mayor from the Bündnis
90 party, also referred to as “Die Grünen” (The
Greens). It becomes clear that in the urban space of
a “green city” sustainable interaction with nature
contributes to the wellbeing of its inhabitants.
Through the nature-oriented use of the Black Forest,
city dwellers also benefit from fresh air and clean
rivers. The omnipresence of climate protection has
made Baden-Württemberg an economically and
climatically healthy region.

Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
 prograMME ItInErarY
august 26 – august 31, 2013
August 26, 2013
1 Wald-Service-Ortenau e.G.
2 Visit to a private forest

August 27, 2013

3 Sägewerk Echtle KG (Sawmill)
4 Open Air Museum Vogtsbauernhof
Necckarr-
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Rhein
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Karlsrruh
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Page 33
partIcIpantS

Helmi Basalamah Dedi Haryadi

Head of Planning Bureau Head of Evaluation, Bureau of Planning

Tonny Suhartono
Head of Regional Forestry development

Jamal Husni Tunggul Butar Butar

Manager of FMU Limapuluh Kota Senior Adviser

Basah Hernowo
Director for Forestry and Water Resource,
State Ministry of National Development
Planning (BAPPENAS)

Wilistra Danny Indra Kumara

Head of Bilateral Cooperation Division Head of Planning Division of
Kapuas Hulu Forestry

Page 34
 Gatot Moeryanto Djimlan Saleh
Senior Adviser FMUvv Boalemo Manager

Hasbi Afkar
Head of Forest Area Preparation of
South Sulawesi

Sugeng Marsudiarso Is Mugiono

Head of Social Forestry Division Director of Forest area preparation
and utilization

Pipin Permadi
Senior Advisor

Suparno Kasim Moestofa Agung Sardjono

Deputy for District Major on Economic Lecturer of
Development of Berau District Mulawarman University

Page 35
 coLophon

Person in Charge: Rolf Krezdorn

Author: Maija Pitschugin
Interpreter: Nena Soeprapto-Jansen
Photos and Design: Tobias Donat

Printing: Sunsetmedia Creativstudio, Jakarta 12740, Indonesia

Jakarta 2013

traVEL accoMpanIMEnt tEaM

Rolf Krezdorn Nena Soeprapto-Jansen Maija Pitschugin

Organizer Interpreter Journalist

Peter Löffler Tobias Donat

Bus driver Photographer

Page 36
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
GIZ Office Jakarta
Menara BCA 46th Floor
Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 1
Jakarta 10310, Indonesien

www.giz.de/indonesia – www.forclime.org