Consultative Meeting Report On ESD in Ethiopia - AAU and AID

Final Report of the Consultative Meeting on Environment and
Sustainable Development (ESD) in Ethiopia
Organized by
Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University
&
Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
Conference Place and Venue: Addis Ababa University, College of Business and
Economics; Eshetu Chole Building Conference Hall
Conference Date and time: Thursday, 11 October 2018; 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM
October 2018
Addis Ababa
Ethiopia
Department Economics, Addis Ababa University 1|Page Agro Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
“Better Environment for a Better World”
Logos of supporters of the conference
Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University 2 | Page Agro-pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
Contents
Logos of supporters of the conference ...........................................................................................................2
PART ONE ..............................................................................................................................................................4
BACKGROUND TO THE CONFERENCE ..............................................................................................4
1.1. Rationale of the Conference .................................................................................................................4
1.2. Expected Outcomes of the Consultative Meeting ........................................................................5
1.3. Profiles of Conference Organizers .....................................................................................................6
1.3.1. Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University ....................................................... 6
1.3.2. Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID) ............................................................. 7
1.4. Participating Government Ministries, NGOs and Institutions ..............................................8
1.5. Financial and Technical Supporters of the Conference ............................................................9
1.5.1. Pro-Development Network (PDN) ................................................................................... 9
1.5.2. United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR)......................................... 13
1.5.3. The World Bank Group (WBG) ..................................................................................... 14
1.5.4. Save the Environment-Ethiopia (SEE)........................................................................... 16
1.5.5. Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD) ........................................................ 17
1.5.6. FER Community Development, TVET and Consultancy Firm ..................................... 18
1.6. Contact Details of Conference Organizers and Supporters .................................................. 19
1.7. Benefits of Supporting the Conference .......................................................................................... 21
PART TWO ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
PAPER PRESENTATIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD ............................ 23
2.1. Opening Remarks by President of Addis Ababa University ................................................. 23
2.2. Self-Introduction of Key Players of the Conference ................................................................. 25
2.3. Papers Presentations ............................................................................................................................. 31
2.4. Discussion among Participants ......................................................................................................... 34
2.4.1. Questions raised and comments forwarded by participants ........................................... 34
2.4.2. Reactions or responses from the presenters ................................................................... 43
2.5. Final Resolution on the Way Forward ........................................................................................... 47
2.6. Closing remarks ...................................................................................................................................... 49
Annex I: Slides of Papers Presented on the Conference ...................................................................... 50
Annex II: Sample Pictures Taken During the Conference ................................................................. 51
Annex III: Contact details of participants ................................................................................................. 54
PART ONE
BACKGROUND TO THE CONFERENCE
1.1. Rationale of the Conference
The scientific and technological relevance and importance of organizing the conference lies in
the context of the present day national needs of Ethiopia. Environmental challenge and
sustainable development are burning issues of the day across the world in general and in low
income economies, like Ethiopia, that are highly vulnerable to imbalances of environmental,
economic and social nature in particular. Sustainable development requires a balance between
economic viability, equity and environmental sustainability. Moreover, in light of the impending
danger that accompanies non-sustainable paths of development, it is necessary for the academics
to collaborate with relevant non-academic stakeholders in restoring the desirable path, and
achieve the development goals and needs of the country. With such an effort, the country will be
able to achieve the SDGs.
To that effect, the collaboration of all stakeholders is necessary to muster all the strengths
needed. There exists a need to enhance the level of collaborations among academic and research
institutions, government offices and organizations on development efforts of the country on a
sustainable path. While socioeconomic life is local as it has global features, there is limited
knowledge base on local sustainable development needs of the country. Academia has unique
historical role to play on the development of any country. Department of Economics, as an
important stakeholder in the Development endeavors of the country and pioneer in the field of
Economics in the country, has to play a major role in enhancing welfare of the people of Ethiopia
through dialogues on how to contextualize SDGS in Ethiopia and enhance welfare of its people.
It is against this background that the Department of Economics and AID would like to bring
together stakeholders to a common platform so as to converse on environment and sustainable
development in Ethiopia. The conference aims to bring academicians, experts and practitioners
from different sectors of the economy so as to encourage researchers and implementers to
collaborate more across disciplines than they have done so far on the environmental problems
and development challenges in the country. It also helps the stakeholders to deliberate on the
way forward regarding the mechanisms on how they can play their roles in contextualizing
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Ethiopia and achieving them by 2030.
Besides, the consultative meeting is supposed to offer an opportunity to update participants on

the country‟s progress on CRGE and other vital economic corridors pertaining to sustainable
development. Also, it provides a venue for researchers to openly discuss the serious issues facing
the country‟s development endeavor and research based intervention for sustainable solutions.
1.2. Expected Outcomes of the Consultative Meeting
Overall, the consultative meeting was expected to bring the following outcomes:
 Establish a network of researchers, leaders and policy makers who will be able to work
together to find creative and scientific solutions to the environmental and development
challenges facing the country.
 Provide an opportunity for participants to present their concerns regarding the environment
and solutions to the challenges.
 Establish dialogue between researchers in different disciplines, practitioners, experts and
policy makers at different levels.
 Increase general knowledge among conference participants regarding the environmental crisis
and development challenges facing the country.
 Strengthen the linkage between the academic and research institutions and stakeholders
relevant to the environment and sustainable development in the country.
 Arrive at a common understanding and consensus among stakeholders on the way forward in
addressing the issue.
Department of Economics and AID are determined to conduct rigorous and science-based
researches that are aligned with country‟s goals and policies towards achieving SDGs. We
strongly believe in the relevance of involving the academics into tangible efforts directed to
assisting national level effort to attain economic, social, and environmental sustainability and to
build capacity within the country. In this regard, the academics have much more unused capacity
and responsibility than what has so far been realized until now in the development processes of
the country. Generally, Department of Economics and AID agreed to collaborate in conducting
research projects and providing consultancies, which are of interest to national developmental
goals and policies.
1.3. Profiles of Conference Organizers
The organizers of the project are the Department of Economics from Addis Ababa University
and Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID) located in Ethiopia. They have signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) recently to work together on researches, consultancies
and community services which would enhance welfare of the people of Ethiopia.
1.3.1. Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University
Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, was first launched in 1953 with the
objective of addressing the country‟s trained human power shortage in the field of Economics.
The program provides instruction on economic theories and a rigorous foundation in the
analytical tools and applied areas of economics, relying on mathematical and statistical
techniques. The department aspires to produce qualified citizens who are going to participate in
research and development, teaching and consultancy services that the economy demands and
thereby contribute towards the fulfilment of the development policies and strategies of the
country. To this effect, the department is running three programs offering PhD, MSc and BA
Degrees. Thus at present, the Department of Economics runs the following programs:
· BA in Economics (Regular and Extension)
· MSc in Economics (Regular and Extension)
· PhD in Economics
The Department occasionally and on demand provides tailored MA programs such as MA in

Applied Macroeconomic Forecasting and Modeling and others in addition to short-term trainings
and consultancy services.
Vision: The vision of the department is to be one of the top departments in Africa by 2020
through the provision of quality education, research and consultancy service in economics.
Mission: The mission of the department is enhancing the intellectual and economic development
of Ethiopia through our academic programs, research and community outreach activities.
Department of Economics at Addis Ababa University (AAU) would like to see, among others,
sustainably developed, self-sufficient and better living Agro-pastoralist, pastoralist and farming
communities in arid and semiarid parts of Ethiopia. It is determined to be an important player in
bringing lasting and positive impacts in the lives of poor Ethiopians and less served Agro-
Pastoralist communities through implementation of efficient, effective, basic socio-economic and
self- help initiative projects.
Research and Community Services experiences: The Department and its staff members were
engaged in a number of research activities within and outside the University. The Department
has long years of experience in conducting, managing, and coordinating large scale household
and firm level surveys. Some of the major surveys include Ethiopian Rural Household Survey in
cooperation with Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), United States Agency for International Development
(USAID), and the World Bank; Ethiopian Urban Socioeconomic Survey with Gothenburg
University of Sweden and World Bank; Customer satisfaction survey for Ethio-telecom
Corporation; Microfinance loan survey with Gothenburg University; Businesses tax compliance
survey with World Bank; employees‟ and customers‟ Satisfaction survey for Ethiopian Shipping
lines, Establishment and decent wok survey for Addis Ababa City Administration.
1.3.2. Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID) is non-partisan, not-for-profit, non- political,

non- religious and non-government, humanitarian organization, legally registered and licensed
as an Ethiopian resident charity in accordance with the Federal Republic of Ethiopia Charity
and Societies Agency, with proclamation No. 621/2009, bearing the number 3476 on19, August
2015. The purpose of AID is to help poor Agro pastoralist communities of Ethiopia to enable
help themselves in the betterment of their economic and social life.
Vision: AID would like to see sustainably developed, self-sufficient and better living Agro-
pastoralist communities of Ethiopia.
Mission: To help bring lasting positive difference and sustainable development in the lives of
poor and less served Agro-Pastoralist communities through implementation of efficient ,
effective , basic socio-economic and self- help initiative projects.
Program Objectives
 Reduce the negative consequence of climate change hazards to Agro- pastoral

communities;
 Improved food security conditions of Agro-pastoralists.
 Improved capacity of Agro-pastoralists to lead better livelihood by helping them use
their natural resources.
 To contribute to the national efforts of reducing human trafficking (irregular migration),
empowering trafficking victims.
 Improved access to basic social services such as wash, health and education.
 To ensure integrated disaster preparedness and management systems through
sustainable use of traditional and modern systems.
1.4. Participating Government Ministries, NGOs and Institutions
The following is the list of government offices, non-governmental organizations, institutes and
individuals that have either participated, or confirmed to participate in the consultative
conference but unable to take part for different reasons. Addis Ababa University (AAU),
Department of Economics at AAU, College of Business and Economics at AAU, Action for
Integrated Sustainable Development Association (AISDA), Administration for Refugee and
Returnees Affair (ARRA), Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MoAL), African Union (AU),
Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA), AID (Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development),
ANE (Action for the Needy in Ethiopia), Concern for Integrated Development, DFID
(Department for International Development), EECMY/CES, Elham Engineering; Environment,
Climate Change and Coffee Forest Forum (ECCCFF), FER Community Development, TVET
and Consultancy, GOAL Ethiopia, Green Initiative Ethiopia Development Association (GIEDA),
Guji Zone Pastoral Development Office, International Network for Bamboo and Rattan
(INBAR), Menschen für Menschen (MfM), Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MoAL),
Ministry of Construction (MoC), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

(MoEFCC), Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation (MoFEC), Ministry of Finance and
Economic Cooperation (MoFEC), Ministry of Industry (MoI), Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and
Natural gas (MoMPNG), Ministry of Transport (MoT), Ministry of Water, Irrigation and
Electricity, Organization for Sustainable Development(OSD), Ormoia Planning and Economic
Development Commission, Oromia Region, Nagele Borena, Guji Zone, Oromia Region,
Yabelo, Borena Zone, PAPDA (Partnership for Pastoralist Development Association), PDN
(Pro-Development Network), President of Addis Ababa University (AAU), Save the
Environment Ethiopia (SEE), SNV-Netherlands Development Program, Somali Region, Ethiopia
(Dolo Ado), Somali Region, Ethiopia (Jig Jiga), UNDP - GEF SGP, UNECA (United Nations
Economic Commission for Africa), UNHCR Somali Region (Jig Jiga), UNICEF/ARRA, United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR),
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), World Bank (WB), World
Vision (WV), ZOA Relief/Hope/Recovery.
1.5. Financial and Technical Supporters of the Conference
Costs of the conference were covered by the following partners and stakeholders. We are really
indebted to them and respectfully recognize their role in making the conference a reality and
developing the nation-wide network among stakeholders on environment and sustainable
development in Ethiopia.
1.5.1. Pro-Development Network (PDN)
Pro-Development Network (PDN) is a consortium of Ethiopian residents‟ charities

organizations established in 2010. Currently the consortium has forty five active member
organizations including nine founding members. Out of 45 PDN member organizations, 42
organizations are full members and remaining three are associates. The consortium was
established and registered by Federal Charities and Societies Agency under registration number
1701. The license has been renewed every three years and the third round renewal was made on
April 2016 and will be valid until 2019.
As a consortium of charity organization, PDN is established with vision of creating vibrant

Civil Society Organizations that can irreversibly contribute to the development and social
transformation in Ethiopia. Since its establishment in 2010, PDN has conducted several strategic
activities which benefited its member organizations that can contribute toward realization of the
above mentioned vision. The most strategic issues that have been received due attention by PDN
during the eight years include among others;
 Conducting institutional, organizational and technical capacity building interventions for its
member organizations
 Mobilizing financial resources to support development interventions executed by member
organizations;
 Undertaking demand driven researches related to development practices and gaps that
require attentions.
 Organizing experience sharing and partnership building between PDN member
organizations, other similar CSOs and donor communities working at national, regional and
international level.
In line with the above listed strategic issues, PDN has been conducting several activities in the
last eight years and has also planned to design and undertake number of activities that will
address and strengthen the following strategic issues:
 Provision of different trainings,

 Development of operational manuals and policy documents for member organizations
 Provision of material supports,
 Channeling of large and small grants,
 Provision of scholarship opportunities to technical staffs and volunteers of its member
organizations,
 Organizing forums on national agendas
 PDN has also created and being maintaining partnership and networking with different
development partners like EU, World Bank, NAMA Foundation, and several Turkish based
NGOs and Foundations.
So far, PDN has been contributing remarkably towards enhancing the role of its members in the
nation building process and strengthens their execution capacity in the development endeavors.
Currently, the consortium is ready, more than ever, to redouble its efforts to build a vibrant
Ethiopian civil society that is strong enough to make a difference in the national efforts of
development. The consortium has been coordinating collective actions among its member
organizations toward the attainment of their vision. It has been also mobilizing resources,
facilitating knowledge sharing and has been reducing duplication of efforts among member
organizations.
PDN‟s working modalities are explained briefly as follows. PDN promotes formal institutional
Culture and works with those member organizations that are registered under legal framework of
the country. The consortium also works in close collaboration with similar consortiums of CSOs
operating in the country. Similarly PDN is actively participating in nation-wide issues like “The
role of NGO Consortiums toward Sustainable Development in Ethiopia”.
Moreover, PDN is the founding and active member of Forum for Charities and Societies in
Ethiopia, a framework that is formally recognized by the government. Currently the forum
actively engaged in the amendment of CSOs proclamation
In order to strengthen partnership among its member organizations, PDN has organized its
members into sector based thematic groups focusing on their major areas of interventions.
Accordingly, PDN member organizations are categorized into the following thematic groups.
Education Sector Thematic Group: - this group consists of PDN member organizations that
are mainly working on Education at various levels and in different forms. The main purpose of
this thematic group is to expand access to quality education services to hard-to-reach
communities across the country.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children Support Thematic Group: - Several PDN member
organizations are working on protection of welfare of orphans vulnerable children in Ethiopia.
PDN brings those organizations working on protection of welfare of orphans vulnerable children
in Ethiopia. PDN brings those organizations working on this area together to form OVC Support
thematic group. Bringing these individual organizations under the thematic group will help them
to well access information, avoid duplication of efforts and to create energy for higher impacts.
Community Capacity Building Thematic Groups: - PDN has member organizations that work
on enhancing the local capacity of target communities to identify and address the development
problems using their own local resources. The main purpose is to aware the local communities to
identify their potential capacities to enable them contribute to development efforts of their
respective localities.
Water, Sanitation and Health Thematic Group: - the particular focus of this thematic group is
provision of potable water supply to human population of hard to reach areas in the country.
Absence of potable water supply affects the health situation of communities, which in turn
resulted in low productive capacity of community members and women in particular.
Climate Change Adaptation thematic Group: - a climate change impact becomes one of the
major challenges of development in developing countries like Ethiopia. Strategic and sustainable
interventions that mitigate the impacts of this emerging challenge is important. This group
focuses on building the resilience of grass root communities against climate change impacts.
Gender Development Thematic Group: - the stereotype, gender relations that existed in
society for long period of time has limited the role and benefits of women in social and economic
development endeavors of the country. Hence, PDN member organizations organized themselves
into gender development thematic groups to properly address the development problem of
women in this country.
In general, PDN has organized its member organizations in the above thematic group based on
two factors, first development priorities of our country and the other is the development
orientation of its organization. PDN encourages its member organizations to work for
specialization in specific areas of development.
Therefore, with this formation PDN and its member organizations are preparing and organizing
themselves to make observable contribution to the development of our country by rendering
effective life changing impacts on the grass root beneficiaries of their development interventions.
With this arrangement, PDN has contributed a lot on the education sector, Women‟s capacity
building, water, sanitation and health and other thematic areas of development intervention
through different mechanisms. At this juncture, the impact of development intervention is being
observed. It is better to visit PDN to see how the contributions were very important for our
community.
1.5.2. United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR)
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is mandated by the United Nations to lead
and coordinate international action for the world-wide protection of refugees and the resolution
of refugee problems. UNHCR‟s primary purpose is to safeguard the rights and well-being of
refugees. UNHCR strives to ensure that everyone can exercise the right to seek asylum and find
safe refuge in another state, and to return home voluntarily.
Ethiopia has a long standing history of hosting refugees. The country maintains an open door
policy for refugee inflows into the country and allows humanitarian access and protection to
those seeking asylum on its territory. In 2004, a national Refugee Proclamation was enacted
based on the international and regional refugee conventions to which Ethiopia is a party (1951
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and its 1967 Protocol and the 1969 OAU
Convention). Refugee protection in the country is provided within the framework of these
international and national refugee laws as well as the core international human rights treaties that
have been ratified by the country. Continued insecurity within neighboring states has resulted in
sustained refugee movements, either directly as a result of internal conflict and human rights
abuses or as a result of conflict related to competition for scarce natural resources and drought
related food insecurity. As of 18th December 2018, Ethiopia hosts over 900,000 refugees, the
largest groups being South-Sudanese (464,002), Somalis (256,200), and Eritreans (82,902).
Other relatively smaller groups of refugees come from various countries including Yemen and
the Great Lakes Region. These figures make the country the 2nd largest refugees hosting country
in Africa, next to Uganda. They all benefit from protection and assistance from the Ethiopian
Government supported by UNHCR. UNHCR is fully engaged in the Humanitarian Country
Team in Ethiopia, where the refugee program are discussed strategically to ensure the needs of
refugees are adequately presented and addressed. In 2019, UNHCR will continue leading the
protection cluster within the Ethiopian cluster set-up with main objectives of strengthening
coordination and advocacy for further engagement with the Ethiopian Government, capacity
building and mainstreaming refugee‟s protection program into other sectors.
1.5.3. The World Bank Group (WBG)
The World Bank Group (WBG) is comprised of five-member institutions, namely: the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); the International Development
Association (IDA); the International Finance Cooperation (IFC); the Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes
(ICSID).
While the five institutions have their own country membership, governing boards, and article of
agreements, the World Bank Group (WBG) work as ONE to serve its partner countries.
Mission: the World Bank Group is firmly committed to reaching the Bank‟s twin goals:
Eradicating extreme poverty; Ensuring shared prosperity.
In partnership with the Bank‟s member countries, the WB will achieve these goals in three ways:
By working to accelerate inclusive and sustainable economic growth; By helping countries invest
more effectively in people; By fostering resilience to global shocks and threats
The WBG aligns the twin goals to each operating country through Country Partnership
Framework (CPF). The CPF for Ethiopia will be implemented from 2018 to 2022. The
framework has three focus areas:
Focus Area 1: Promote Structural & Economic Transformation through Increased Productivity
Focus Area 2: Building Resilience and Inclusiveness
Focus Area 3: Supporting Institutional Accountability and Confronting Corruption
The three focus areas are designed to help the Ethiopian Government to achieve GTP II and
CRGE targets and indicators. WBG promotes environmental and social sustainability through
provision of support to the government to prepare and implement environmental and social
safeguards in all of Bank supported projects or programs.
Focus Area 1: Promote Structural and Economic Transformation through Increased

Productivity. Ethiopia‟s success in achieving structural transformation, as articulated in GTP II,
will depend on sustaining the economic growth rates of the past decade and boosting
productivity and competitiveness across a range of sectors. The SCD identified several
challenges, beyond the eight binding constraints, in order for Ethiopia to achieve the Twin Goals:
(i) create a more competitive private sector by lowering regulatory barriers and boosting
financial inclusion; (ii) increase access to reliable energy; (iii) remove the main constraints to
agricultural growth which include low agricultural productivity and commercialization; (iv)
increase connectivity and improve urban planning and land management to help catalyze growth,
job creation, and service delivery; and (v) develop new financing mechanisms for infrastructure.
The CPF presents a multi-sectoral approach to addressing these constraints while supporting the
priorities of GTP II. Much attention will also be given to close the job and asset gap between
men and women.
Focus Area 2: Building Resilience and Inclusiveness. Ethiopia has historically been vulnerable
to climate shocks, especially droughts, and poor land management practices in the past
aggravated land degradation. In recent years, Ethiopia has made progress in addressing these
issues through measures led by Government and communities. GTP II has stressed climate-
friendly initiatives such as reforestation, land rehabilitation through bench terracing and other
methods, and managing watersheds. With the support of WBG and other development partners,
Ethiopia has implemented a large safety net program to transform reliance on humanitarian food
assistance and promote investments in human resilience through quality health, water and
sanitation services, and education outcomes. Moving forward the WBG will provide support to
develop disaster risk financing strategies and options to ensure future droughts have a less severe
effect on the population. The following objectives shall be addressed:
i) Improved sustainability and effectiveness of safety nets

ii) Improved equity and utilization of quality health services
iii) Increased access to improved water and sanitation
iv) Improved basic education learning outcomes

v) Improved early childhood nutrition and early learning outcomes
vi) Increased access to services and job opportunities for refugees and host communities
vii) Enhanced management of natural resources and climate risks
Focus Area 3: Supporting Institutional Accountability and Confronting Corruption. Overall

demand for government accountability in Ethiopia is rising, notwithstanding historical traditions
of deference to hierarchies and the “top-down” style of governing. While the Government has
established several formal feedback mechanisms at local levels and for specific services, much
more investment in accountability and transparency mechanisms is needed. To reduce corruption
and engage citizens in decision-making, citizens‟ voices must be promoted and engaged,
consistent with the democratization objectives articulated in GTP II. The CPF program will
invest in accountability and transparency mechanisms at local levels, continue to support
initiatives to increase capacity and improve governance in service delivery as well as projects
that strengthen government systems for CE. It is also essential to generate and disseminate
information on „what works.‟ The WBG will support improved data collection at all levels of
government by strengthening the capacity of the Central Statistical Agency, which will enable
monitoring of progress against development objectives, dissemination of results, and inform
evidence-based policy making.
Objectives under this focus area are:
i) Increased capacity and improved governance in service delivery

ii) Strengthened citizen engagement and holding government entities accountable
iii) Improved domestic statistical capacity for enhanced evidence-based policy making and
monitoring
1.5.4. Save the Environment-Ethiopia (SEE)
Save the Environment Ethiopia-SEE is nongovernmental, nonprofit indigenous NGO. operating

in the fields of environmental rehabilitation, education, renewable energy and livelihood
enhancement linked with environmental safety in the Somali regional state of Ethiopia. It works
with the view to combat desertification by rehabilitating the tainted natural resources and
prevention of additional man-made environmental risks by engaging the community in

environmental protection through community dialogs, mobilization and awareness raising in
areas on our focus.
SEE was established by group of Ethiopian professionals; and it was registered on 23/08/2007. It
was re-registered with the Ethiopian Charities and Societies agency according to the
proclamation No. 621/2009 with certificate bearing number 3031.
Purpose of Organization: The organization works to develop the capacity of the local
community on environmental protection, education and rehabilitation management related issues
by practical and community mobilization approaches with a comprehensive perception of the
root cause and consequences of the environmental degradation.
 Rehabilitation of the environment through reforestation and soil conservation in devastated
and impacted area
 Promotion of environmentally friendly techniques of utilization of natural resources
 Enabling the disadvantaged and marginalized community members for access to basic social
services
 Improve the awareness level of the community towards development
 Natural resource management and conservation
 The right of creating assets
 Municipal waste management systems
 Income generating schemes.
 Create opportunities for reduction workload on women and children
 Enable the community establishes effective and efficient disaster management system and
enhance minimization or prevention of displacement due to natural calamities.
1.5.5. Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD)
Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD) is Ethiopian resident charity organization,

which is officially registered with certificate number 2319 in June 2011. OSD has General
Assembly (GA) at the apex. Under its GA, there is board of director then office secretariat that
leads the overall activities of the organization. Since its establishment it has proven track records
in the implementation of Natural resource management, Livelihood development, supply of
household energy, WASH, Health and agricultural sectors. Activities in these sectors are being
implemented with innovative approaches accompanied with tangible changes within both host
and refugees communities. Furthermore, OSD`s projects are focused on the development and
emergency or humanitarian aid activities.
Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD) is mainly working in the areas of:
Natural resource management: to ensure environmental protection for sustainable

development of the country
Livelihood development: livelihood development and building the resilience of

vulnerable groups including refugee communities and host population to disasters
Energy: Create alternative source of energy with reducing of carbon emission including
briquette production and distribution
WASH: Provide clean and potable water including sanitation and hygiene promotion for
needy communities
Health: Improve the health situation of vulnerable groups including refugees through
increasing attitude of the community and access to health service
Agricultural sectors: Increase household income and economic activities through

agricultural and livelihood development programs.
1.5.6. FER Community Development, TVET and Consultancy Firm
FER Community Development, TVET and Consultancy is a micro and small scale firm, a
consulting and training service organization with registration No. 01/1/13172/00 and re-
registered on Community Development, Technical and Vocational Training and Consultancy,
and having its office in Addis Ababa. FER is a young consulting firm established with a focus
to provide a highly professional training on areas that would help people to come out of poverty.
Apart from providing vocational skills training, our firm has also been undertaking various
consultancy services on key areas such as Self-Help-Group formation & stabilization, socio-
economic feasibility study, participatory project evaluation, PRA, and so forth.
1.6. Contact Details of Conference Organizers and Supporters
I. Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University
Physical Address: Six Kilo, In front of the Main Campus, Entoto Road; Business and
Economics College, Addis Ababa University; Eshetu Chole Building, 1st Floor; Tel:
+251111229258; Email: economics@aau.edu.et; Website: www.aau.edu.et
Contact Persons: Dr. Atlaw Alemu, Department Head and Assistant Professor of Economics at
Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University; Email: atlawalemu@yahoo.com,
economics@aau.edu.et; Mobile: +251911144974; Tel: +251111229258
Mr. Negash Mulatu, Lecturer at Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University;

Conference Organizing and Network Establishment Team Leader; Email:
negash.mulatu@aau.edu.et, negash2016@yahoo.com, negash.mulatu@yahoo.com; Mobile:
+251912056458, +251961007974, Tel: +251111229258.
II. Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
Physical Address: Mainoffice is located at Addis Ababa, Bole Bulbula, 93 Mazoria.
Focal Person: Mr. Abdulkadir Mohammed, Executive Director of AID; Mobile:

+251926970072, +251915678066; Tel: +251118519851; E-mail: contact@aid-agro-pastoral.org,
agropastoralinitiative@gmail.com
Negelle Borena Office: Contact Person: Mr. Samson Gosaye ; Tel : +251468450342; Mobile
+25196403017; P.O.Box 118, Negelle. Oromia Region.
Dollo-Ado and Melkadida Field Office: Contact Person: Abdulhakim Nur: +251936481172 or
Aden Hussein: +251930786708; Website: www.aid-agro-pastoral.org
III. Pro-Development Network (PDN)
Physical Address: Maganegna behind, AMICHE motors company, Bole Sub City Woreda 6,
House number 433/6; P. O. Box: 12661 Addis Ababa Ethiopia; Website: www.pro-dn.org;
Email: prodevelopment.net@gmail.com; Tel: +251116466845.
Contact Person: Mr. Ahmed Hussien, Executive Director of PDN; Mobile + 251 9 12 13 84 27;
Email: ahmehuss@gmail.com
IV. The World Bank Group (WB) Ethiopia Office
Country Office Address: Main Office Contact, Africa Avenue (Bole Road), Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia. Tel: +251 115176000.
Contact Persons: Mr. Dereje Agonafir; Email: dhabtewold@worldbank.org; Tel:

+251115176079.Mr. Sisay Nune: shailemariam1@worldbank.org. Ms. Netsanet Ayalew: Email:
nbelete1@worldbank.org; Tel: +251115176066; Mobile: +251927715851.
For media requests and general inquiries: Gelila Woodeneh, Sr. Communications Officer. Tel:
+251115176000; Email: gwoodeneh@worldbank.org. For project-related issues and complaints:
ethiopiaalert@worldbank.org
V. United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR)
Contact Persons: Dr. Deribe Gurmu. Email: gurmu@unhcr.org; Tel: +251116170590; Mobile:
+251911617097, +251988130919. OR, Kristine Hambrouck. Email: hambrouc@unhcr.org; OR,
Mr. Abubakarr Talib Jalloh: Email: jalloha@unhcr.org; Mobile: +251911225412.
VI. FER Community Development, Technical and Vocational Training and

Consultancy
Physical Address: Addis Ababa, Bole Sub City, Woreda12; Tel: +25118519851(Office); Web:
www.fertraining.net. Contact Person: Mr. Alemayehu Mulu; Email:
alemayehumulu2@gmail.com; Mobile +251911464597;
VII. Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE)
Physical Address: P.O.Box: 620 Jig Jiga Ethiopia.City/Town: Jig Jiga; Country: Ethiopia.
Tele: +2517755343; Fax: +2517753084; Email: saveethiopia14@yahoo.com
VIII. Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD)
Head Office Address: Debrezeith Road, Garad Mall, 2ndFloor , Room Number 432-20\13;
Kirkos Sub-City, Kebele 05, House # 432; Tele: +251118696862; Mobile +251912504467:
Email: osd.org@gmail.com; Web: www.osd-ethiopia.org; P.O.Box:668; Code: 125
Ayssaita Field Office: Afar Region (kilile); Zone 1; Ayssaita Woreda; Kebele 02. Contact
Person: Jemal Ali; Project Coordinator; Email: jakuslove@gmail.com.
Berhal Field Office: Afar region: Zone 2; Berhale Woreda; Teyara Bora. Contact
Person:Afewerk Reda; Project coordinator, Berhale; yosanafom24@gmail.com.
1.7. Benefits of Supporting the Conference
We hold a strong conviction that every stakeholder recognizes environmental problem as a cross-
cutting issue and contributing to the country‟s endeavor in achieving sustainable development
goals is our national responsibility. We are indebted to our supporting partners and appreciate
their recognition of the mutual responsibility to finance such vital national event. Also, it has
brought the following specific benefits to our supporting partners.
- We have conveyed the message to all participant governmental and non-governmental

organizations that the sponsors are playing important role and are committed in addressing the
developmental issue of the country.
- To that effect, the organizing body has announced the names of the sponsors or partners to the
participants and the mass media in the opening session of the conference.
- The names of the sponsoring organizations have been displayed on the conference banner, t-
shirts, leather document bags and brochures.
- Finally, the names of the sponsoring organizations with their respective logos are included in
this report of the conference that is to be communicated to all conference participants and
government body for the necessary actions and interventions.
Finally, the conference team holds a strong belief that our supporters are with us in our endeavor
to develop the NATION-WIDE NETWORK and partnerships. We also hope other stakeholders
will join us. On behalf of the organizing team and conference participants, we once again thank
you so much for financially and technically supporting the consultative meeting.
PART TWO
PAPER PRESENTATIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD
2.1. Opening Remarks by President of Addis Ababa University
Prof. Tassew Woldehanna opened the conference with his speech as follows: “Dr. Alemu
Mekonnen, Dean of College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University; Dr. Atlaw
Alemu, Head of Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, and distinguished guests,
delegates of institutions, participants ladies and gentlemen.
It gives me pleasure to extend a very warm welcome on behalf of Addis Ababa University and
myself. I would like to express our gratitude to all of you who have accepted our invitation to be
part of this consultative workshop on environment and sustainable development in Ethiopia. The
government of Ethiopia has been adjusting its education and training policy to suit to the need of
the country. Addis Ababa University has been instrumental in producing educators, researchers
assigned across government and private institutions and universities and other sectors throughout
the country. This helped to enable the realization of policy along with promising trained
manpower to private and governmental institutions. This effort in producing educators,
researchers in ongoing project coupled with engagement in research and community services.
Addis Ababa University is pioneer higher education institution in Ethiopia, which has been
engaged in teaching researching and provision of community service since its inception in 1950.
As part of the mission of undertaking research and community services, the University is
engaged in problem-solving researches and collaborating with other stakeholders to apply
research results, which makes Addis Ababa University among the top research universities in
Africa and also well recognized worldwide. Although we have produced a large number of
graduates in various fields, Addis Ababa University has undertaken diverse relevant researches
and effected technology transfers. There will remain a wider gap to be filled.
Environmental degradation and effects of climate change are prominent problems facing
Ethiopia and rendering the country vulnerable to environmental shocks and natural disaster.
Addis Ababa University has the responsibility to join hands with all governmental and
nongovernmental institutions to reduce environmental degradation, mitigate the effects of

climate change and introduce diverse adaptation methods. Through problem solving research
endeavors and practical cooperation with other stakeholders in applying the research products,
Addis Ababa University contributes towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals in
Ethiopia. To that effect, Addis Ababa University has signed Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) with Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID) to collaborate in problem solving
researches and assisting intervention efforts to change the lives of agro-pastoral societies. As a
mark of inception of the ongoing collaboration, Addis Ababa University through the Department
of Economics and AID has joined to organize a Consultative Workshop to highlight the areas of
cooperation and to exchange views on coordinating efforts towards the same goal.
I believe this workshop will lead to involving the staff and students in the work and help them
acquire both cognitive and soft skills. I am sure this collaboration will contribute towards solving
environmental problems of the country and the world, and producing improved collaboration in
the fields of environmental sciences and economics. I hope and expect fruitful deliberations with
all stakeholders. I wish you success in the ongoing collaboration towards addressing the
environmental problems. With this remark I, hereby, declare the workshop is opened. Thank you
very much for listening”.
………………………….... Mr. Negash Mulatu, Conference Facilitator ………………..…...
We thank very much Professor Tassew Woldehanna, President of Addis Ababa University, for
his opening speech and declaring the official launch of the Consultative Workshop on
Environment and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia at Addis Ababa University, College of
Business and Economics, Eshetu Chole Building Conference Hall.
Now, the consultative workshop is becoming a reality. Though the process was a bit challenging,
it was really thought provoking when we generate the idea to sign a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with a recently founded NGO called Agro-Pastoral Initiative for
Development (AID). Once the MoU is signed, we convened together, discussed the next steps
and decided to organize this consultative meeting. After a long process, it becomes a reality
today because of all the stakeholders at our side. We have many organizations that provided us
technical and financial support and significantly contributed to the organization of the event.
As we see on the schedule at our hand, next is an “Introductory Session”, whereby key
participants of the conference would introduce themselves. Hence, we start from the key player
of the workshop, the Department of Economics at Addis Ababa University followed by Agro-
Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID). Then, each supporter‟s introduction follows in the
order put here: Pro-Development Network (PDN), United Nations Higher Commission for
Refugee (UNHCR), the World Bank Group (WBG), Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE),
Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD), and FER Community Development,
Technical and Vocational Training and Consultancy Firm. To start with, I call upon Dr. Atlaw
Alemu to introduce the Department of Economics to the audience in this conference hall, and
other stakeholders to do the same.
2.2. Self-Introduction of Key Players of the Conference
2.1.1. Organizers of the Conference
I. Introduction Session of the Department of Economics
“Thank you facilitator! My name is Atlaw Alemu. I have been Head of the Department of
Economics for the past one and half years. This Department has been in existence since 1953. It
is teaching undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs. Beginning from 1979, it has been
giving Masters of Science (MSc) programs in collaboration with AERC (African Economic
Research Consortium). It has been engaged in running PhD program in the last nine years. Till
this time, it has enrolled 23 students in the PhD program. Also, the MSc program takes both
regular and evening students, in which the evening program started last year, 2017.
Next, I take you to the background information on how we formed this collaboration with AID,
and organized this conference as well. Back in 2017, we had an expressed interest to undertake
problem solving research within the Department. We had a plan to collaborate with others in
actually solving problems on the ground. Part of the development effort is not only publishing
and teaching but actually changing the lives of the people. So, for that we have been looking for
collaborators and finally we came across Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
through our link Negash - thanks for him. Then, we signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) with AID. Then, we understood that we are not alone. There are a lot of stakeholders
doing the same thing around. We have to learn from them, share ideas with them. Before
beginning any action, we found it appropriate to consult with all concerned and we learnt from
each other and came up with the idea of organizing this consultative workshop. Thanks to our
supporters who really made it a reality. Also, thanks to all of you for coming and making it a
reality. Thank you very much!”
II. Introduction Session of Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
“Good Morning, respected higher government officials, respected high officials of different
international humanitarian organization, respected academicians, respected officials of different
local development partners, invited guests, ladies and gentlemen. Representing Agro-Pastoral
Initiative for Development (AID), it is my honor to welcome all of you to this stunning
consultative meeting.
AID is a local non-governmental humanitarian organization legally established in 2015. In such

short span, AID is striving for the empowerment of less-served pastoral and agro pastoral
communities of Ethiopia. Putting sustainable development on such community at the center of its
objective, AID is exerting its maximum effort to realize that.
In our country, it‟s a customary practice that in non-governmental humanitarian organization

business transaction only Donors and implementers revolve around the circle. However, AID
believes that the only way of achieving sustainable development on such areas is through
connecting the knowledge and practice to the reality on the ground. In other words, the
researchers and those who have knowledge should come forward and pierce the veil of such
circle for good. In order to do that we should be a bridge to the researchers who have better
understanding of the main problems on the ground, donors who have the means and the
implementers who can put to the ground what has been pointed by the researchers. To realize
this AID has approached Addis Ababa University (AAU) the largest institute with huge
experience in the country, particularly the College of Business and Economics and signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with AAU so as to cooperate in research based activities

in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of the country.
This meeting is one way of bringing donors, researchers and real practitioners or implementers
together for a common cause of achieving sustainable development not only environmentally but
in all sectors in the country. We believe environmental sustainability is everything for the
pastoralist community whose Modus Operandi is highly dependent on Mother Nature.
Finally, I would like to deeply appreciate Pro-Development Network (PDN) consultancy that has
been with AID from the conception stage. PDN also helped AID in various environmentally-
friendly and related projects‟ implementation.
Also, AID gives special recognition to the World Bank, United Nations Higher Commission for
Refugee (UNHCR), FER Community Development, Technical and Vocational Training and
Consultancy Firm, Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE) and Organization for Sustainable
Development (OSD) for your financial and logistic support, which helped a lot in the realization
of this consultative conference. Once again thank you for coming.”
2.1.2. Financial and Technical Supporters of the Conference
I. Introduction Session of Pro-Development Network (PDN)by Mr. Ahmed Hussein,

Executive Director
“Professor Tassew Woldehanna, President of the Addis Ababa University (AAU); respected
academic staffs of the Addis Ababa University (AAU); respected higher officials of different
international humanitarian organizations; respected local development partners; invited guests,
ladies and gentlemen. Good Morning.
Representing Pro-Development Network (PDN), its members and AID it‟s my pleasure to
welcome you all to the meeting. PDN is consortium of Ethiopia resident clarity organizations,
initiated in 2008 as charity organization registered under Charity and Society agency. PDN has
above 45 member organizations, which are working on various thematic areas in different
regions of Ethiopia.
AID is also one of PDN‟s strongest members working on the environment and other
development-relevant topics. As PDN, our structural issues are resource mobilization,
channeling members, capacity building, research and knowledge management, networking and
partnership building. Our thematic areas are education sector development, environment, and
climate change, gender, women empowerment, orphans and vulnerable children support and
Wash, community capacity building and livelihood. Therefore, today‟s issue is our major
thematic areas. PDN‟s concern on the issue of environment is a universal fact. The protection
and improvement of the human environment is a major issue affecting the wellbeing of people
and economic development throughout the world. It is urgent concern of the people in the whole
world and duty of all governments, including Ethiopia.
Many regions in Ethiopia are affected by deforestation, high degree of desertification,

greenhouse effect, rising of planet‟s temperature, loss of biodiversity, air pollution, water
pollution, soil pollution, soil degradation, reduction of surface water and fresh water problems.
These are the major environmental problem in Ethiopia. With all these environmental problems,
Ethiopia will never be developed. Therefore, the problems mentioned above need to be
addressed. Sustainable development has three pillars: economic growth, equity and
environmental sustainability. But, our government has been giving priority for the first two
pillars. Unless we perceive environmental sustainability as equally important, Ethiopia cannot be
moved to the next development stage. In order to promote sustainable environment and bring
sustainable development in Ethiopia, environmental education is essential in all education system
starting from elementary to the university level.
Educating the society including students is the most prominent role to be played by the
government. It should remain as an integral part of any development efforts. The researches
have also importance in identifying environment laws to be passed and in developing new
technologies. PDN believes a big change can also be made by education of normal citizen in
protecting and promoting the environment. PDN is contributing a lot in environmental
protection, and making recommendations to international organizations. It is also making an
effort to have the environment strongly incorporated in the activities of Ethiopian local Civil
Society Organizations (CSO). Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of FDRE
has a fertile ground of collaboration and work with CSOs especially with the network. Every
local CSO should make effort to create awareness about the environment in the society that they
can have access. Finally, we have to think of promotion rather than protection. Thank you!”
II. Introduction Session of UN Higher Commission for Refugee by Dr. Deribe Gurmu
“Dear Professor Tassew Woldehanna, President of the Addis Ababa University (AAU); Dr.
Atlaw Alemu, Head of Department of Economics of Addis Ababa University; respected guests,
ladies and gentlemen; concerned participants. Good Morning!
I am Deribe Gurmu, representing the United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR)
in Ethiopia. I hope the paper that I will present will definitely make you understand what
UNHCR is. We feel the pleasure to support such functions as our sustainable development effort
also goes in line with those who endeavor for agriculture, natural resource and plantation
development to eventually contribute to the betterment of mother earth through combating
climate change. UNHCR unlike the past years it will make a swift paradigm shift in the years to
come in its environmental intervention; with emphasis on areas where it can make a difference to
sustain the environment, if not, to reduce impacts, a trajectory that will be expressed in the
paper I will present. Let me also seize this opportunity to thank the organizers to have invited
UNHCR to be part of this important conference. Trust that we can make a difference by working
together: “ENVIRONMENT MATTERS”. Thank you!
III. Introduction Session of the World Bank (WB) by Mr. SisayNune
“I am Sisay Nune, working with the World Bank Ethiopia office and today representing the Bank
on this meeting. World Bank is working with the Ethiopian government in the areas of
agriculture, water sector, urban governance, infrastructure, environment and natural resource. I
am working for the environment and natural resource Team of the World Bank. Regarding the
environment and natural resources, the World Bank is working with the Ministry of Agriculture
and Natural Resources, and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
With the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the Bank is supporting implementation
of Sustainable Land Management Project (SLMP) which is one of the government pillar project.
This is the second phase of the SLMP and its objective is to reduce land degradation and
improve land productivity in selected watersheds in targeted regions in Ethiopia.
The World Bank, therefore, supports both financially and provides technical assistance for the
government. And, this project currently is being implemented in six regional states of the
country: Amhara, Benshangul Gumuz, Gambella, Oromia, Tigrai and SNNPR. The SLMP has
the next phase or third phase but with the different name called Resilience Landscapes and
Livelihoods Project (RLLP) which will be implemented starting from January 2019 for the next
five years. The project will help improve climate resilience, land productivity and carbon
storage, and increase access to diversified livelihood activities in selected rural watersheds. The
RLLP will be implemented in the highlands.
The environment and natural resource Team in Ethiopia does not have project in the agro-
pastoral and pastoral areas. However, the best practices documented so far show that this project
should be scaled up in the agro-pastoral and pastoralist areas. I think in the coming one or two
years similar programs will be designed by the World Bank in cooperation with the government
of Ethiopia.
We are also working with Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) and other research
organizations. This is important because to combat land or environmental degradation, there are
always emerging challenges which require new ideas or new research findings. Because of this
fact, we are working with research institution like, CGIAR and EDRI. Similarly, the World Bank
would like to continue partnership with Addis Ababa University, Department of Economics,
particularly for the future. Thank you very much!”
IV. Introduction Session of FER by Mr. Alemayehu Mulu
“Respected President of Addis Ababa University, respected higher officials. First of all, I would
like to thank Head of the Department of Economics, Dr. Atlaw and AID Executive Director, Mr.
Abdulkadir for giving me such opportunity. FER Community Development, TVET and
Consultancy Firm provides technical, vocational skill trainings. Apart from providing vocational
skill training services, our firm is also undertaking environmental-friendly projects that are
paving the way to livelihoods as well as environmental protection. FER has been offering so far
advisory service to AID in general and the conference organization in particular. Thank you!”
V. Introduction Session of Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE) by Mr. Zerihun Tebeje
“Thank you! Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE) was
established in 2007 with the intention of undertaking rehabilitation activities within and around
refugee settlements areas and camps, especially in Jig JIga. Since 2015 SEE has expanded its
rehabilitation activities to Dolo Ado refugee operation in the Somali region. Our intervention is
more concentrated on rehabilitating these areas after identifying degraded areas with UNHCR
and every other stakeholder around the refugee camps. We are also partners with other donors in
order to triangulate the effort of rehabilitating the degraded areas. Moreover, the livelihood
intervention is also another intervention aspect by SEE. This is what SEE has been doing for the
last 10 years. Finally, we expect from this forum a chance to working together with wider
stakeholders so as to achieve what is expected from works or efforts for a better environment.
Thank you!”
VI. No delegate from Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD)
2.3. Papers Presentations
Mr. Negash Mulatu, conference organizing team leader and facilitator of the conference stated
that the next session is presentation of three papers: Firstly, Dr. Wassie Berhanu, Associate
Professor of Economics, from the Department of Economics at Addis Ababa University will
present his paper titled “Overview of Pastoralist Livelihood Crisis and Vulnerability to Poverty
in Ethiopia”. The next is Mr. Miftah‟s presentation titled “The Effect of Climate Change on
Pastoralist Livelihood in Ethiopia”. Then, Dr. Fu‟s presentation will follow, titled “Interesting
Facts about Bamboo and its Contribution to Climate Change”.
Our moderator for these presentations is Dr. Atnafu G/Meskel, Assistant Professor of
Economics, from the Department of Economics at Addis Ababa University. Dear Dr. Atnafu
would you please come here and moderate the upcoming three presentations?
Moderator: Dr. Atnafu G/Meskel, Assistant Professor of Economics, from the Department
of Economics at Addis Ababa University
Moderating such high profile meeting with high profile authorities and expertise does amount
more than keeping time! So, thank you very much! I will stay with you for next one hour. As a
time keeper, I shall check with the presenters Dr. Wassie, Mr. Miftah and Dr. Fu Jenhi.
Dr. Wassie‟s paper is titled “Overview of Pastoralist Livelihood Crisis and Vulnerability to
Poverty in Ethiopia”.
Mr. Miftah‟s presentation is titled “The Effect of Climate Change on Pastoralist Livelihood in
Ethiopia”.
Dr. Fu‟s presentation is titled “Interesting Facts about Bamboo and its Contribution to Climate
Change”.
Thank you all presenters. So, each presenter will have only 20 minutes. With this, we want to
listen more from the presenters, the experts and the audience as well. Now, the time is for Dr.
Wassie. Thank you very much Dr. Wassie and please proceed to your presentation.
Presentation I: Dr. Wassie Berhanu (Associate Professor of Economics, Department of

Economics at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia)
Good morning and welcome! I am going to present on Overview of Pastoralist Livelihood Crisis
and Vulnerability to Poverty in Ethiopia, with a special emphasis on Borena pastoralists.
Initially, I will paint the general picture especially the general condition underlining the
structural factors for the pastoralist vulnerability to poverty. Finally, I will take out a case study
on Borena Pastoralism. (The presentation follows and the details can be accessed from the power
point presented, attached at the end with this report: see Annex I).
Presentation II: Mr. Miftah Mohammed (From Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development, AID
and Lecturer at Jig Jiga University, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia)
(The paper presentation follows and the details can be accessed from the power point presented,
attached at the end with this report: see Annex I).
Presentation III: Dr. Fu Jenhi (from International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)
Finally, the moderator, Dr. Atnafu G/Meskel, announced completion of presentation of the three
papers and it is time to depart for tea and coffee.
TEA AND COFFEE BREAK
……...….. Ms. Martha Kibru, Meeting Facilitator from Department of Economics………….
Welcome back. The next session is presentation by Dr. Deribe titled “Environment and
Sustainable Development in Ethiopia: UNHCR‟s Perspective”; and followed by Dr. Atlaw
Alemu on a “Conceptual Framework for Master Planning Sustainability in Ethiopia”. The next
moderator (after tea break) is Dr. Hailu Elias (Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of
Economics at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia). Dr. Hailu, would please take the floor and
moderate the presentations?
Dr. Hailu Elias, the moderator, introduced the next two presentations after tea break and will be
completed before departure for lunch.
Dr. Deribe‟s presentation is titled “Environment and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia:

UNHCR’s Perspective”.
Dr. Atlaw‟s presentation is titled “Conceptual Framework for Master Planning Sustainability in
Ethiopia”.
Presentation IV: Dr. Deribe Gurumu (UN Higher Commission for Refugee-UNHCR)
Presentation IV: Dr. Atlaw Alemu (Assistant Professor of Economics, Economics Department,
Addis Ababa University)
2.4. Discussion among Participants
In the next few sections, the questions and comments raised by participants of the conference are
presented. The order or timing of the questions and comments may not be kept as presented in
the conference, but much effort has been done to include all the issues raised. Please also note
that some questions or comments, which are not audible and clear or difficult to listen for
transcription may not be found in the report.
Dr. Atlaw Alemu, Head of Department of Economics of Addis Ababa University opened the
discussion by the next remark. “Now, let us discuss the WAY FORWARD. What do we need to
do next? What we conclude or intend to do next as participants of this workshop? You can also
raise questions to the presenters so that they can react. May I call upon presenters Dr. Wassie
Berhanu and Mr. Miftah Mohammed to the floor here with me?”
2.4.1. Questions raised and comments forwarded by participants
Once the floor was opened to discussion by Dr. Atlaw, participants raised the following
questions and comments as far as the papers presented are concerned. Most comments were
specifically on the WAY FORWARD as to how we can cooperate or coordinate our isolated
efforts on Environment and Sustainable Development so that we can bring a difference to our
country‟s development endeavor.
A participant stated that “as far as the sustainability of the pastoral livelihood is concerned,
„Enough is Enough‟ to the politics of posing ourselves like we are giving much priority to the
pastoral community than other economic agents in the country. No, that is nonsense! Unless we
stop such sycophantic approach where we admire or appreciate each other with no tangible
ground work, we will never find the truth and thus comprehend the existing reality. “
“Policy issues have been raised, the interaction between the government and the pastoral
community too have been described. What are we really talking about while we do not have even
a pastoralist policy in the country? We do not have pastoral policy in Ethiopia. We just have
some strategic documents or plans on the policy of the agricultural and industrial sectors. We
are, however, discussing the strengths of pastoral policies,” He also added that “the politically
motivated and agriculturally oriented strategies have made the pastoral community to suffer
more than what they deserve even to suffer in marginal or peripheral areas of Ethiopia, such as
the Afar, Somali, Borena, Gambella, and others. I strongly argue against the narrative that we are
giving much attention to the pastoralism than other sectors, which is absolutely false (my
argument here can be taken as either a question or comment).”
On the other hand, he gave credit to the researches that have been conducted so far. “Many
academicians have sacrificed their time and effort for the betterment of the pastoral people. We
can read a lot of problems raised by scholars. To discern the Afar problems, you can read the
material produced by Dr. Getachew Kassa, for instance. You can visit the Ethiopian Economic
Association (EEA) to know the problems of the Borena pastoral community. Many studies have
been conducted and available in the academic literature, but remain on the shelf as part of
documentation. We conduct rigorous researches and publish them on journals. But no
implementations of these researches have ever been observed. This has extended the suffering of
the pastoralist community more.”
The other problem observed according to the participant is regarding the strategies which are
much focused on livestock development than pastoral development. “Our strategies focused on
the production, not on the producers. Nobody is concerned about the Keryu society or the Afar
society. We just demand from them to produce as large amount of livestock, meat, milk and
exporting items as possible. Nobody, however, cares about the producers themselves. In the
community, there is lack of education, lack of heath care, lack of access to roads, conflict,
drought, disease. Indeed, counting the problems is not a solution. We should come up with some
tangible, feasible, and reasonably acceptable data and try to conduct research that can be put on
the ground and change the livelihood of the pastoralist community.“
According to a participant, the other issue is the investment sector in the pastoral area. “It is even
hard to call it „investment‟ where it is destroying spiritual areas, water points, grazing lands,
sacred places and forests. Take for example, the „Tendaho Sugar Factory‟ in Afar regional state
which produces 900 quintals per day. Around 260 billion birr have been invested in that specific
place and it occupies 25,000 hectares of land, which was very important land that the pastoral
people need especially in times of drought. The factory have displaced the community and
produced very much chemically contaminated water. On the other hand, settlements have taken
place in areas where there is no school, no hygiene, no wash program, no electricity, no access to
market, and no other livelihood alternatives. These people need to be properly settled.”
“On the other hand, how can you convince a pastoralist to produce and sell a cup of maize with 2
birr or 3 birr while it was possible to him to heard camel and sell it for 60,000 birr? This is non-
sense and does not represent livelihood improvement. We need to provide them an alternative,
which is logically understandable to the pastoral community themselves. This is what the
government is currently doing.”
“Generally, now is the critical time for intervention, and for the pastoral scholars, pastoral
initiatives or organizations. It is time to reveal the truth and discuss.”
“Regarding the Tendaho Sugar Factory, studies have found that the place was not appropriate for
sugarcane production. If that was the case, why was the factory built? Such decision was
unjustifiable. Therefore, the country has lost resources, experienced much embezzlement, and
caused damage to the natural resources, which is again another loss. As a final remark, we need
to follow the interests of the pastorals community so as to be successful in our future endeavors
to changing the livelihoods of the pastoralists sustainably.”
Another participant appreciated the researches, which have been done by different scholars so far
on pastoralist area stating;. “It should, however, be the time to bring those researches which have
been there on the shelf for so long and put them in to practice. There must be strategy or action
on how to put those recent research findings practical”
The participant added that instead of academic researches which have already done so far
largely, “we have to conduct subject-specific action researches. Research is important, but action
research should be very important and highly required for implementation of poverty reduction
projects.”
On the other hand, another participant raised an issue about food security. “We always refer to
food security; it does not mean feed security. In terms of security issues, we generously spent
much of our time on food security, we did not think of the feed security. Feedback in feed
security should be considered in the pastoral study and pastoral aspects. So, feedback of feed
security should go together and considered in the pastoralist study to have good feedback from
the society. Also, in the pastoral areas, we may be required to seek measures at macro levels.”
“The other issue I want to raise is the agro-pastoral aspect. Yes, we have been talking in the
morning about sustainability, which is very important one. We have large population while there
is no sufficient production. We have huge number of livestock with low production, so
productivity is one of the issues that should have been addressed. For this purpose, many studies
have been carried out previously. One is in Afar rangeland and water development project which
has been studied by World Bank. The other one is the Wabi Shebele water base management
study. Now, the Abay river dam is designed and is the largest one in the country. Therefore,
these studies should come in to practice. Here, action is vital, which entails three things to
happen. The people should take part in dam construction, then in production and in processing.
So, such issues must be considered and involve a large group of people. Otherwise, without
participation of the larger community in every development endeavor at all stages, it would not
make sense talking about sustainable development.”
Participants have also raised that “we should give the pastoralist access to the market to get more
benefit from their product. There should be an invincible action taken on those areas. Also, in
pastoralist area, we know that half of the pastoralists are women. But, they do not have, I believe,
good jobs, as we don‟t have many programs, which take care of gender based issue in the
regions.”
Another participant have also raised the refuge fund is another issue that must be seen wisely.
“Most of the refugee camps are located in the pastoralist area. There is a lot of money allocated
for the refuge but the host communities don‟t benefit out of the fund. The host communities
should benefit from the refuge fund.”
According to participants, “education is the other controversial issue. Some studies reported that
the people believed that there will be no pastoralist in the future. They believe pastoralist
wouldn‟t survive in the future. This is because the pastoralists lack communication that can be
attributed to lack of education in the pastoralist regions. So, education should widespread and its
value must be thought to the community as a way out. We should encourage those MSc and PhD
researches in our Universities to be carried out on those regions. Universities should focus on
researches of the pastoralist agenda. All concerned have to work together to increase the
enrollment of pastoralists in schools.”
Another speaker stood up to offer “Just a general comment”! Stating “I think this forum is not
about livestock, not about a project or a policy problem. Policy problems should be discussed in
front of policy makers. Whether the policy is right or wrong, talk it in terms of the policy
makers. If the project is wrong, better to say it in front of those who get and implement the
project, not in front of us. Here, the subject is environmental sustainability and sustainable
development. Let‟s discuss issues around that.”
“My comment in this regard is, therefore, general one. Everybody wants to work on the
environmental sustainability and sustainable development issue, but with no cooperation, no
collaboration. It is just duplication of efforts and waste of money what we see in this country!
Everybody is running to grab money from somewhere because there are a lot of sources of
money out there for environmental job. Just grab the money from here and there, no cooperation.
So, let us cooperate on it and work together so that we can have tangible result. I think this is a
serious problem we faced. “
“Overall, we do not have a center to coordinate those resources, opportunities and capacities.
That is what is needed to ensure sustainable development in this country. We do not know what
is going on there. We have to agree on the main issue, the main agenda. What is the big issue
here, what is the issue of the pastoralist about sustainability? What is the main issue of
sustainability in this country, as a government, as institution, as academia?”
“Let alone the institutions working on environment and climate change, take Addis Ababa
University. How many departments are working on environment and climate change? I knew
few are working on it; even they do not know each other while living with in the same
University. We should, therefore, know who is doing on what? Who fills what gap? There is no
responsible station/center/institution coordinating these isolated efforts. We do not know what
the international effort is out there.”
He also discussed the issue of the pastoralism,” what is being done in this University? I know
Haromaya University has Institute of Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Research. I think a so called
Pastoralist Forum exists in the country. Where is the coordination by this institution about
pastoralist, for example? That is where the issue of sustainability lies. I had a student working on
his MSc thesis on the socio-economics of Prosopis. Today, it is presented as an environmental
problem. No, Prosopis not an environmental problem. It has got many socio-economic benefits.
Environmentally, it fast-growing, it grows with a small amount of water. It also helps carbon
sequestration. What if we get external funding for its carbon sequestration capacity? Indeed, we
have to see here, what is the tradeoff vis-à-vis its possible backsides in the community?”
“Generally, if we want to bring sustainable environment and sustainable development in

Ethiopia, we have to cooperate, coordinate, define our agenda clearly and work hard on its
implementation.”
Another participant who came from pastoralist and knew the areas well explained that the
pastoralist suffers from drought, conflict and a problem of market in 2008 & 2009 E.C. The most
challenging problem in the pastoral is the problem of market, which is the critical problem.
Secondly, climate service is limited in the areas and a critical challenge, which limits the early-
warning information flowing to the pastoralists. The early-warning system should be well-
established and modernized. This is important because the pastoralist don‟t have latest
technology like mobile, television in order to access information on climate and weather
patterns. “As the chairman has said coordination is very important and also basic to develop the
early warning system and address the challenge of this pastoralist area-the low land area people.
Through coordination we can identify hazard scenario identification because we can identify
impact early and action can be taken in advance. If we can act centrally, we can take well-
informed actions in-time. We can also give the required services in the education sector, health
sector etc…. based on our scenario and thus can establish good advisory services to our
community at all levels. In 2008 and 2009, so many animals have died. The communities have
lost their asset. This entails that we should identify the gap. When we identify gap, not only
emergency response but also development programs can be designed and sustainability can be
worked out in these areas.”
On the other hand, the participant is concerned on the argument of one presenter which states
that “pastoralist livelihood is not sustainable”. He expressed “How do we say and conclude this?
This is a cliché we are hearing every time on meetings like this. We should rather try to conduct
researches and transform the pastoralist in to agro-pastoralist. Communal land certification can
be useful because the pastoralist land is so wide and the population is few, which results in a
larger size of community land.”
“Finally, the experts working in the pastoralist area should gain a capacity enhancement training
or intervention. Vulnerability and risk reduction processes and programs should be carried out in
those areas. Above all, sustainability seriously demands our coordination.”
The conference organizing team leader, Mr. Negash Mulatu, pointed out the main theme of the
conference and the expected outcomes at the end of the conference. He said the main gap “we
have identified was lack of cooperation and existence of isolated efforts among important
stakeholders on the environment and sustainable development issue in the country. As a result,
we planned to conduct this consultative meeting. We are here to consult each other on this
common goal or agenda, which is called the Environment and Sustainable Development. As far
as this problem is concerned, we hear repetitively in lots of outlets. Though we do not know
everything, we know enough to deal with this challenge. Given the sufficient information we
have, the next question should be “how we should approach or deal with the problem” and
meet our country‟s development goal. As it has already been said the solution is “coordination”,
“coordination”, “coordination”,. Because, the nature of the problem requires that kind of
approach. The environment by its nature is either a commonly or publicly owned resource or
asset provided by nature. So, the solution to the problem requires such cooperation among the
respective bodies or stakeholders. The cooperation can be between the academics from different
disciplines, NGOs, government Ministries and others. We expect a significant role played by
these different stakeholders. This is important too because cooperation brings different
knowledge, helps to know the challenge from different perspectives, and enhances the exchange
of the stock of knowledge. Unity is better than individual strength. No one is self-sufficient.
We have to come together to deal with this common problem or challenge.”
Mr. Negash further stated that it is important to focus the discussion in the next few minutes on
how we can cooperate and work in the future. “We expect to hear from each stakeholder
represented in this consultative meeting. The cooperation can be in the form of network or
common platform among us. This is the most important outcome we expect from this
consultative workshop. We have to say who is working on what; which stakeholder is sensitive
on what sector; who is sensitive to which problem; who is feeling the pastoralist‟s case in its
mission and intended work in the future?. The CRGE is also worth of mentioning here, because
it is the country‟s growth strategy for the coming few years. We, therefore, want to hear from
each of you so that we can arrive at a certain resolution at the end of the workshop.”
Dr. Atlaw explained the need to focus on the focal point of the workshop. Stating that “that is on
how we can cooperate and address the sustainability issues in the country. How should we
coordinate our isolated actions? This is what seems to me is the right direction. Let us make our
upcoming discussion on coordination.”
Another participant followed and raised the issue that the first thing “we have to do is building
some national network. We do not know who is doing what. The network, therefore, is important
to have a central database so that we can have all our efforts organized in the network. With this
we can know what others are doing or conducting; whether it is ecological, geological or
geographical; whether they are working on pastoralism or agro-pastoralism or whatsoever. For
these all purposes, a single database is helpful (who can access it could be an issue to be defined
later). With this, we can avoid replication of similar efforts and can optimize the investment
made on the same problem from multiple directions. We do not have to repeat the same actions.
Instead, we can go for the solutions with similar efforts or commitments.”
The participant added that the other important thing is that “we have to follow technology-driven
methods or approaches which are knowledge-centered. Our actions should be localized based on
the local problems. The general network should be able to look things from different directions
and even lobby or influence the government‟s decision. It would help us to minimize the isolated
efforts or duplication of efforts of development partners exerted in a parallel.”
“As mentioned by different participants, it is vital to cooperate with various international

organizations. The issue of doing the same activity can be addressed and the case of isolated
activities should be reconsidered here while addressing the basic need question of the pastoralist
community. Joining efforts would help to minimize the severity and impacts of those problems
posed by climate change on the pastoralist community, as it has been underlined in the
presentation. I, therefore, hopefully expect this consultative meeting would give directions.”
On the other hand, Dr. Atlaw Alemu, chair of the meeting, stated that “we know the problems.
We have been through them. Some of us have been studying or intervening. Some organizations,
government, non-government, local or international have been doing lots of jobs regarding
sustainability. As we know, government was responsible for doing a lot of activities regarding
sustainable livelihoods and the environment. Different NGOs have come to the front and argued
that government cannot do the task for various reasons such as capacity issue, interest issue, and
many other factors that can be investigated as to why it cannot perform its expected roles. So we
need to actively participate not only in researches but also in actual intervention at local levels.
Indeed, it requires a multi- disciplinary approach in undertaking studies and pass the results of
the studies to collaborating institutions, whether government or non-governmental organization.
We have to get ourselves involved in changing the livelihood of people and planning for that
from bottom-up rather than having a general policy and strategy which does not materialize
down to the bottom or grass root level. We are supposed to conduct the assessment, and
evaluation of the impacts of the interventions.”
“Moreover, we need to involve ourselves to addressing the local problems and with local actions.
This is what we have in mind. We, the Department of Economics, want to undertake studies with
you, anyone interested and pass the result of the study for intervention with NGOs and the
government. With this kind of approach we can setup cooperation among ourselves by applying
bottom-up approach and localize our actions, and cooperate or coordinate in changing the lives
of people in actual specific local area or setup. “
“Generally, the focus of our cooperation will be participation in local areas in different
capacities. We ask, for instance, how we coordinate and go together about it. The issue is how to
coordinate these isolated intervention efforts in different areas by different organizations.”
Though the degree varies, the environment is degraded and the problems are affecting all the
regions. What they all need is intervention. Regarding pastoralist and highland areas, we
cooperate with those organizations working in both pastoralist areas and highlands, respectively.
2.4.2. Reactions or responses from the presenters
I. Dr. Wassie Berhanu, Paper Presenter from Department of Economics, AAU
“Regarding the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Line that I have used, there is a status of Ethiopia in
the UNDP list. According to the list by UNDP, the last is Niger, then Chad comes and the third is
Ethiopia. Since they have got recently data from South Sudan, the list is modified as the last is
Niger, then Chad, third is South Sudan and Ethiopia becomes four the (from bottom-to-up).
What they have used here is the international poverty line, i.e. $1.89. But at the end of the day,
the poverty is declining based on this consumption poverty line.
But, what is that Multi-Dimensional Poverty Line (MDPL)? The MDPL takes a lot of things in
to consideration. It is built from the household level to up. It is not an easy task to perform and
also comprehend it. It cannot also be easily manipulated.
For local level studies, I have used the Asset Poverty Line (APL). The APL shows the capacity
to accumulate wealth. If a household is below a certain asset threshold level, it implies that it
cannot accumulate wealth, so the household is in poverty-trap. This is actually a micro-level
concept.
In the Consumption Poverty Line, it is 45% in the pastoralist areas. Generally, we can use
different poverty lines as per our need and see the existing reality in each context. I however, do
not think that we have to use the International Poverty Line, because that is for international
comparison, what we need is for local comparison.
Regarding pastoralism, I believe that more action researches are required. We have to transform
pastoralists in to agro-pastoralists. This is so because agro-pastoralism has more comparative
advantage than pastoralism in these areas. Here, a comparative analysis is required. Why do I go
to Kereyo and work on that irrigation dam to produce maize? Why I do I go from production of
commodity which has elastic demand? Overall, more economic researches specific to that
environment are required to determine the comparative advantages of each livelihood systems.
II. Mr. Miftah Mohammed, Paper Presenter from AID and Jig Jiga University
Most of the issues have been touched by the first presenter, Dr. Wassie. But, I have to reflect on
some issues directly related to my presentation. Some of the questions raised are broad, and thus
you may not get full answer to them. I, however, will try to reflect on them as much as possible.
In terms of its livestock wealth, Ethiopia is 1st in Africa and 10th in the World. This is, however,
a cliché that we have been hearing always in our life time. So the question is what we need to
do? I think the government is working to enhance livestock productivity. But, those government
interventions are not properly implemented. I think it is better to answer this question by merging
with the question of the post 1991 marginalization process.
If we see the EPRDF policy on pastoralism, there was not policy at all up until 2002. There was
no concern at all from the government side. Because, during that period EPRDF was busy in
doing its own business of managing the four regions: Oromia, Amhara, and others. It was after
2002 that the government of Ethiopia started to look for specific policies to pastoralists. The
constitution itself was limited, for instance, on how to use the land and other resources of
pastoralist areas. The initiation regarding pastoralist policies, it has been included in different
development strategies, such as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and other
documents. There was an effort to try to include some aspects of livestock production. But,
pastoralism is not only about livestock production. It is just a way of life for thousands of years
in the country.
If we see the previous interventions, the World Bank was an important partner which has been
implementing a number of projects in Somali region. That strategy has failed because it was not
a multi-centered intervention. It has focused on the land and the grass by forgetting the people. It
was proved failure. It is an accepted reality on the ground.
From the government side it was observed since 2000, there was a prevailing knowledge gap.
Because, as the first presenter has already said, policy was made at central level. It was made by
people who have little or no knowledge about pastoralism. The policy has followed top-down
approach.
After the government admitted the gap, it has tried to come up with an inclusive policy. In
2002/03, the government has worked on that and came up with ideas through the pastoralist
forum in Ethiopia, which is an initiative after which it has brought a kind of pastoralist policy by
2003.
After that we have very important developments such as a consultation by UNDP, i.e. PCDP.
This initiative has tried to be more inclusive, focuses on many issues such as livestock,
education, local governments‟ participation. Even the PCDP is not well implemented as it is
presented on the paper. You can go there and evaluate it on the ground. The PCDP has been
implemented for the last 15 years, but no results have been observed. Another phase has also
tried to include an aspect of resilience. Just evaluate it. Is it implemented as it was stated? No!
This is because there is institutional gap due to marginalization. The society has no experience of
managing itself.
Another issue is the political result of marginalization. The people do not have access to
knowledge on how to lead themselves. There is this gap. So, I argue that livestock intervention
can be successful when people are capable of managing. It is possible when they have the
capacity, the knowledge and the right institution with the right commitment and investment.
There may be the policy, but the institutions are week.
Also, the federal government cannot implement on their behalf. The federal government can
design projects with them, but cannot perform like those projects implemented in Somalia region
or Afar region. There is generally a “mis-match” between the implementation process and the
reality, between the current and the past realities on the ground. The current capacity limitation
and the federal-regional arrangement also play their own role in escalating this challenge. Last
time for instance, EPRDF has evaluated its 5 years plan called the GTP. As far as its result on
pastoralists is concerned, it was not successful. Look at the strategy document, the GTP plan. It
has focused on increasing foreign exchange earnings through enhancing the productivity of
livestock, by creating a kind of backward and forward linkages with leather industries and others
in the country. Did we perform that as planned? Just No! which was because of the capacity
limitation.
Moreover, the settlement polices were run by the federal Ministry. How many people have
settled in Afar? The government even cannot tell this figure. Settling the people is not an easy
issue or task. It requires much commitment. I may not give you the exact answer but the
government report tells you that after GTP I, the government was not as such successful in
pastoralist areas, while in other places it has succeeded. This is what I can say about the issue of
marginalization and livestock productivity.
Another concern is that, why do we focus on Borena and Afar? Are there similarities and/or
difference between them? The previous presenter, Dr. Wassie, has already given the answer to
the question focusing on possible similarities and/or differences among pastoralist communities
in different parts of the country. Here, I would like to add that the severity of the problem is
different. I know the Somali region well, the Borena zone and the Afar region as well because
these are my research areas.
The problem is more severe in Afar area. Why? Because of greater commercial farms
implemented in Afar region, mobility of the pastoral community is limited. Even if you read the
literature, it says that the more the pastoralist is mobile, the more productive it becomes. In the
Somali region, mobility of the pastoral community is not limited as such, because it covers a
wide range of areas and remote places. Afar, however, is partly at the heart of Ethiopia and
Djibouti. The pastoral mobility is curtailed by the strategic roads developed in the region. Some
big projects such as the sugar factory and other large commercial farming activities have also
limited their movement. This simply means that if the pastoralist cannot move, it cannot feed its
livestock. This is, therefore, why the first presentation argued that we cannot compare the Somali
and Afar poverty. The Somalis are better in wealth because they are more adjunct to pastoralism
and practicing pastoralism better than the Afar pastoralists. So, they are not similar in terms of
the Afar and Somali regions pastoralism. These are my reflections on the questions raised.
Regarding pastoralism, a number of researches have been conducted. The question is “is
pastoralism sustainable” in a deteriorating environment? Pastoralism can be sustainable. People
have proved it. They have lived it for thousands of years. The issue is not whether pastoralism is
sustainable or not. The issue rather is pastoralists are suffering. They are losing their commodity,
i.e. livestock because of a poor capacity.
The main point here is that pastoralism should be supported. Pastoralists‟ capacity should be
raised. Pastoralism is source of livestock; it supports huge employment opportunities in the
country.
………… Dr. Atlaw Alemu, the chair person …………
Thank you very much both presenters for the intervention on the questions and concerns raised.
Please note that the main theme of our meeting today was to exchange views on sustainability.
Whatever questions were raised and what they respond, it is just to show the gravity of the
situation. It is not intended to make specific discussion on pastoralism. Above all, we have a
long way to go in cooperating on how to address the issue of sustainability. In the upcoming
discussions that we are going to make, let us focus on how we join hands so as to work on
sustainability in various societies of Ethiopia.
2.5. Final Resolution on the Way Forward
Dr. Atlaw summarized the discussion particularly on the coordination or collaboration issue. The
Department of Economics and AID have went through few steps and this serves as a reference or
starting point for further cooperation and collaboration with you all and institute the NETWORK.
The Department of Economics takes the initiative to reach you on the coming developments
about the establishment of the network. We have your names and contact details for the same. In
the meantime, we will gather brief information on the activities that all organizations are
engaged in and communicate with you in a brief description. This is vital to know what
participants are doing on what and where, and related topics. With this, we would be able to plan
our next steps or actions to be able to work in coordinated manner.
Moreover, we will collect information on intervention areas and spread that to all of you, which
is again another important activity in our network to be established. As an approach, we and AID
follow the bottom-up approach, i.e. studying problems at local levels, and plan for those
localities as per the research outcomes. We also expect similar actions from you.
Also suggested is a periodic meeting among all stakeholders and we expect similar actions or
responses from you to make the meetings deliver our goals. As the time comes, we will consult
you and convene in a similar manner. For the time being, our communication will be through
your email address. This way, we will be able to define the scope of this gathering. On the other
hand, each of us will be responsible in expanding or reaching out the participation of other
stakeholders or people. We all should do our level best to bring other relevant stakeholders to the
network or platform. Also, experience sharing is part of the activities of our network. You are
supposed to send us your experiences and intended activities though the network so that we learn
each other‟s engagement and share knowledge that would enable us make difference.
Finally, the Department of Economics has taken the major responsibility in establishing the
intended NETWORK, in collaboration with AID-our partner. From our side, Mr. Negash Mulatu
is represented to coordinate establishment process of the NETWORK. And, I hold a great belief
that AID with its energetic, committed and visionary staff will be with us in all upcoming
processes and steps towards making the NETWORK a reality. All staffs of the Department of
Economics will be involved in the creation of the network.
I hope we will have a fruitful effort in the future and bring changes with regard to sustainability
in the livelihoods and welfare development of various societies and communities in Ethiopia.
Also, I hold a strong conviction that through our coordinated efforts in the network, we will
bring about changes in sustainable development in Ethiopia.
2.6. Closing remarks
Mr. Negash Mulatu: First of all, I would like to thank you all for making our effort fruitful. At
the end, we will send you the report for all of you, who participated and those who confirmed to
participate but unable to attend the meeting for different reasons. With this chance, as leader of
the conference organizing team and staff of the Department of Economics here at AAU, I would
like to thank AID and PDN for their unreserved effort in making this conference true. Also, the
World Bank, UNHCR, SEE and OSD really deserve much thank for their financial support that
make this workshop a reality. We are especially indebted to the employees or staffs of AID for
their invaluable contribution to the organization of the conference.
Dr. Atlaw Alemu: I thank you very much for participating in this workshop. Though the
theme of the conference is the concern of every stakeholder, for us it is a great pleasure to take
the initiative and host this conference which is of paramount importance to attaining sustainable
development goals in the country. It is your active participation and patience till this final
moment, which we are thankful to. With this final remark, we close our meeting.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

11 OCTOBER 2018
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
AND
AGRO-PASTORAL INITIATIVE FOR DEVELOPMENT (AID)
Annex I: Slides of Papers Presented on the Conference
I. Overview of Pastoralist Livelihood Crisis and Vulnerability to Poverty in Ethiopia: By Dr. Wassie Berhanu
(Associate Professor of Economics, Economics Department, Addis Ababa University
II. The Effect of Climate Change on Pastoralist Livelihood in Ethiopia: By Mr. Miftah Mohammed, AID
III. Interesting Facts about Bamboo and its Contribution to Climate Change: By Dr. Fu Jenhi, INBAR
IV. Environment and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia: UNHCR’s Perspective: By Dr. Deribe Gurmu,
UNHCR
V. Conceptual Framework for Master Planning Sustainability in Ethiopia: By Dr. Atlaw Alemu (Asst.
Professor of Economics), Economics Department, Addis Ababa University
Department Economics, Addis Ababa University 50 | P a g e Agro Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)
Annex II: Sample Pictures Taken During the Conference
Annex III: Contact details of participants

Email Address of
S. Name of Ministry/ NGO/ Email Address of Telephone #
Name of Participant Ministry / Organization/
No. Institution Participants of Participant
Institution
abderrahmanek@africa-
1 Abderrahmane Khecha African Union (AU) +251913373327 webmail@africa-union.org
union.org
AID (Agro-Pastoral Initiative for contact@aid-agro-
2 AbdinasirYisack
Development) anase1445@gmail.com pastoral.org
FER Community Development, TVET
3 AbdinurYisack alemayehumulu2@gmail.com
and Consultancy
ANE (Action for the Needy in
4 AbdufetahTeyib
Ethiopia)
5 Abdulaziz Arage PDN (Pro-Development Network)
6 AbdulhakimNur Somali Region, Ethiopia (Dolo Ado) abdulhakimnur99@gmail.com
PAPDA (Partnership for Pastoralist
7 Abdulkadir Abdulahi
Development Association)
8 Abdulkadir Mahammed abdulkadirm597@gmail.com +251926970072
Development) pastoral.org
9 Abdurehman Yusuf Somali Region, Ethiopia (Jig Jiga) rooble470@gmail.com
10 Abduwali Ibrahim
11 Abeba Hailu
Oromia Region, Nagele Borena, Guji
12 Abebe Ababulgu
Zone
13 Abel Tadesse Elham Engineering tadesseabel2@gmail.com +251912796273 tadesseabel2@gmail.com
14 Abiyu Tsegaye UNHCR Somali Region (Jig Jiga) tsegaye@unhcr.org
15 Abreham Seyoum AAU, Economics Department abrasey2005@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
16 Aden Husen Somali Region, Ethiopia (Jig Jiga) adenrg184@gmail.com
Ministry of Finance and Economic
17 Adugna Nemera adugna.nemera@gmail.com +251911485405
Cooperation (MoFEC)
18 Ahmed Hasen Somali Region, Ethiopia (Dolo Ado)
19 Ahmed Hussien PDN (Pro-Development Network) +251912138427
20 Alemayehu Abebe aalemayehu91@yahoo.com +251911627058
21 Alemayehu Mulu almayehumulu2@gmail.com +251911464597
atilahun360@gmail.com,
22 Alemayehu Tilahun Ministry of Industry (MoI) +251913866900
alemayehutilahun0@gmail.com
23 AlemneshTadesse AAU, Economics Department alemaye@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et

24 Ali Omer
25 Andualem Wario
Administration for Refugee and
26 Anteneh Gorfu
Returnees Affair (ARRA)
27 Anteneh Worku
Returnees Affair (ARRA)
United Nations Industrial Development
28 Asegid Adane a.mebratu@unido.org +251911502947 office.ethiopia@unido.org
Organization (UNIDO)
29 Asfaw Mariame World Vision (WV) asfaw_mariame@wvi.org +251911304426 infr_et@wvi.org
Ministry of Environment, Forest and
30 Ashebir Wondimu ashebirsa@gmail.com +251911017755
Climate Change (MoEFCC)
31 Bekele Negash Private
32 Endale Negash Private
33 Samuel Worku Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
34 AyanNur
35 Bashir Shire Somali Region, Ethiopia (Jig Jiga) bashiro143@gmail.com
36 Belachew Alelign Ejigu alelignejigu@gmail.com +251918718744 info@mefcc.gov.et
Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and
37 BezaYetimgeta beyekib@gmail.com +251920029412
Natural gas (MoMPNG)
DFID (Department for International
38
Ciara Silke Development) c-silke@dfid.gov.uk c-silke@dfid.gov.uk
United Nations Development Program dejene.biru@undp.org ;
39 Dejene Biru +251911935912
(UNDP) - GEF SGP dejenbiru@gmail.com
40 Dejene Worku Oromia Region, Yabelo, Borena Zone dejenejj@gmail.com
41 Dereje Fekadu AAU, Economics Department aduneek@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
42 Dereje Yohannes AAU, Economics Department derrajohn125@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
43 Djima Baysa EECMY/CES djimabaysa@gmail.com +251911717233
44 Dr Haile Kebret (Asso AAU, Economics Department hailekebret@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
45 Dr. AbdulqadirAdem PDN (Pro-Development Network)
Dr. Adane Tufa (Asst
46 AAU, Economics Department adtufdeb@hotmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Professor of Economics)
Dr. Alemayehu Geda
47 (Professor of AAU, Economics Department ag112526@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Dr. Alemu Mekonnen

48 (Asso Professor of AAU, Economics Department alemu_m2004@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
49 Dr. Asnake Worku Menschen für Menschen (MfM) economics@aau.edu.et
Dr. Assefa Admassie
50 (Asso Professor of AAU, Economics Department aadmassie@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Dr. Atlaw Alemu (Asst
51 AAU, Economics Department Head Atlaw Alemu@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Dr. Atnafu G/Meskel
52 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department atnafuga@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
53 Dr. Berhanu Asfaw bermuya@yahoo.com +251911612261
United Nations Higher Commission for
54 Dr. Deribe Gurmu
Refugee (UNHCR)
Dr. Fantu Guta (Asso
55 AAU, Economics Department fantuguta@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Advisor, Ministry of Agriculture and
56 Dr. Fetene Belete
Livestock (MoAL)
International Network for Bamboo and
57 Dr. Fu Jenhi jfu@inbar.int +251913315088
Rattan (INBAR)
Dr. Girma Estifanos
58 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department estifanosgirma186@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
59 Dr. Gizaw …..
Dr. Hailu Elias (Asst
60 AAU, Economics Department hailu.econ@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Dr. Kefyalew Endale
61 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department ekefyalew@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Dr. Mesele W/Mariam
62 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department arayamesele@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
63 Dr. Selim Reza selim@inbar.int +251930562676
Rattan (INBAR)
Dr. Sisay Regassa (Asst
64 AAU, Economics Department sisayregassa@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
65 Dr. Tadele Ferede (Asso AAU, Economics Department tadeleferede@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Dr. Tekie Alemu
66 (Associate Professor of AAU, Economics Department tekiealemu@yahoo.com +251911403544 economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Dr. Tewodros Negash
67 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department tewodros.kahsay15@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Agricultural Transformation Agency
68 Dr. Wagayehu Bekele wagayehu.bekele@ata.gov.et
(ATA)
Dr. Worku Gebeyehu
69 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department workugeb@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Dr. Zerayehu Sime
70 (Asst Professor of AAU, Economics Department zerayehu2005@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Economics)
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
71 Dr .Fetene Belachew dr.fetenebb@gmail.com
(MoAL)
Dr. Wassie Berhanu
(Asso Professor of AAU, Economics Department wbpresearch@yahoo.co.uk +251911166214 economics@aau.edu.et
72 Economics
UNECA (United Nations Economic
Edo Mahendra +251115444196
73 Commission for Africa) mahendra@un.org
74 Eminetab Gezahegn African Union (AU) emneteabg@africa-union.org
75 Eyasu Asefa Guji Zone Pastoral Development Office bekaeyasu@gmail.com +251916850772 bekaeyasu@gmail.com
76 Eyayu Tesfaye AAU, Economics Department tesfaye.mulu@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Eyob Aweke
77 Returnees Affair (ARRA)
78 Faeza Said African Union (AU) faezas@africa-union.org +251913373327 webmail@africa-union.org
Green Initiative Ethiopia Development
Fasil Asmamaw fasmamaw60@gmail.com +251911726077 gieda1999@yahoo.com
79 Association (GIEDA)
Ormoia Planning and Economic
Fekadu Lelisa
80 Development Commission
Feysal yahya
81 Zone
Fiker Assefa assefafiker5@gmail.com +251911412153 fatareke@inbar.int
82 Rattan (INBAR)
83 Fistum Degemo Oromia Region, Yabelo, Borena Zone abigiyafitsum@yahoo.com
SNV-Netherlands Development
Gessesse Dessie gdessie@snv.org +251929115867 ethiopia@snv.org
84 Program
United Nations Higher Commission for

Getachew Muchie
85 Refugee (UNHCR)
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and
Getnet Fetene Electricity _Environment and Climate getnet2007fetene@gmail.com +251923290920
86 Change Directorate
87 Guta Legesse AAU, Economics Department gutalegesse@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Hailegiorgis Gondar
88 and Consultancy alemayehumulu2@gmail.com
89 Hailu Adugna AAU, Economics Department hadugna2014@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Ibrahim Mohammed
90 Development) pastoral.org
91 Jobir Ayalew Ministry of Transport (MoT) jobirayalew@gmail.com +251941285307 motr@motr.gov.et
92 Jonse Bane AAU, Economics Department jonseboka@yahoo.com economics@aau.edu.et
Kaleb Tadesse kalebtebelu@gmail.com +251921091140
93 Natural Gas
94 Kalkidan Amare EECMY/CES +251912044283
95 Kebede Bekele AAU, Economics Department kbekele12@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Action for Integrated Sustainable
Kedir Mohamed kediraisda@gmail.com +251911807549 actionisda@gmail.com
96 Development Association (AISDA)
AID (Agro-Pastoral Initiative for
Kemal Abrar
97 Development)
Environment, Climate Change and
Kidist Birmeta kidistbirmeta@gmail.com +251911888194 info@ecccff.org
98 Coffee Forest Forum (ECCCFF)
99 Lemlem G/Medhin Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE) sariku951@gmail.com
100 Leulseged Lema AAU, Economics Department leulema@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
101 Mahteme Mikre GOAL Ethiopia mahtemem@et.goal.ie +251915037160 mahtemem@et.goal.ie
Maikel Mulugeta Electricity, Environment and Climate mikemulu2017@gmail.com +251911467848 belayneshbirru2@gmail.com
102 Change Directorate
Mamush Bilal
104 Martha Kibru AAU, Economics Department martha.kibru@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
105 Martha Kibru AAU, Economics Department martha.kibru@gmail.com economics@aau.edu.et
Maryan Tayib mtteyib123@gmail.com
106 Development)
Ministry of Finance and Economic
Medhin Fisseha medhinfissha@gmail.com +251912603020
107 Cooperation (MoFEC)
Green Initiative Ethiopia Development
Mekuria Demisse nat032003lve@gmail.com +251911735951 gieda1999@yahoo.com
108 Association (GIEDA)

Mengistu Basho mengistubasha4@gmail.com +251917106110 info@mefcc.gov.et
109 Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Meron Befikadu
miftahmohammed2015@gmail.c
Miftah Mohammed Somali Region, Ethiopia (Jig Jiga) +251927794284
111 om
Million Alemayehu The World Bank Group (WB) malemayehugizaw@worldbank.

112 org
Organization for Sustainable
Mohammed Ahmed
113 Development(OSD)
Mohammed Yusuf
Mohammedamin Kemal
115 Zone
116 Mr. Abebe Chalew Concern for Integrated Development abeelino88@gmail.com +251920108670 cfes77@yahoo.com
117 Mr. Seifu Wodaj Concern for Integrated Development seife10@gmail.com +251911228417 cfes77@yahoo.com
United Nations Children's Fund
Mr. Tadesse Bezabeh tadesse.agafi@gmail.com
118 (UNICEF)
Mukulia Kennedy
African Union (AU) ayasonm@africa-union.org +251904138322 webmail@africa-union.org
119 Ayason
negash.mulatu@aau.edu.et +251961007974
Negash Mulatu AAU, Economics Department economics@aau.edu.et
120 negash2016@yahoo.com +251912056458
Nejat Abdullahi
Professor Tassew
President of Addis Ababa University
Woldehana (Professor of tassew.woldehanna@aau.edu.et poffice@aau.edu.et
(AAU)
122 Economics)
Remadan Awel romadx997@gmail.com
123 and Consultancy alemayehumulu2@gmail.com
Saida Tayib
Samson Gosaye
126 Shimeles Bekele (PhD) GOAL Ethiopia shimelesb@et.goal.ie shimelesb@et.goal.ie
Shueb Mohammed
128 SisayNune World Bank (WB) shailemariam1@worldbank.org +251911001822 nune.sisay@gmail.com
129 Solomon Hussien ZOA Relief/Hope/Recovery solomonhussein@yahoo.com +251911391731
130 Solomon Takle Oromia Region, Yabelo, Borena Zone taklesolomon1@gmail.com +251935532489
UNICEF/ Administration for Refugee
Tadesse Bezabeh tadesse.agafi@gmail.com +251911150772 agafiain@gmail.com
131 and Returnees Affair (ARRA)
Tafese Tadese
Tagay Girma tagaygirma@gmail.com +251911360156
133 Natural gas
134 Talegeta Agena Ministry of Construction (MoC) talegetaa25@gmail.com +251911770444 mocpair@gmail.com
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
Tefera Tadesse aklile201@gmail.com +251911373582
135 (MoAL)
136 Teferi Bekele Menschen für Menschen (MfM)
Tinsae Wondimu tinsaew1@gmail.com +251913854060 saheletf@yahoo.com
137 Electricity
Tsion Elias tsielias78@gmail.com +251913086575
138 Natural Gas
Ubah Ali
Wondimagegn Bekele wbbiliso@inbar.int +251912629035
140 Rattan (INBAR)
Zahra Abdi
142 ZerihunTebeje Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE) 910040883
Zuhur Abdo
144 Tadele lema Ministry of Industry +251947997135
Getachew Gereme getger13@gmail.com +251911645819
145 Development)
Fiseha Meseret fiseham@gmail.com
146 Returnees Affair (ARRA) (CRRF)
147 Yebul Fanta AAU yabulfanta02@gmail.com
148 Abdulqadir Adem PDN (Pro-Development Network) +25194955818 abdulqadir_adem@ahoo.com

Consultative Meeting Report On ESD in Ethiopia - AAU and AID

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Consultative Meeting Report On ESD in Ethiopia - AAU and AID

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Final Report of the Consultative Meeting on Environment and

Sustainable Development (ESD) in Ethiopia

Conference Date and time: Thursday, 11 October 2018; 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM

Logos of supporters of the conference

BACKGROUND TO THE CONFERENCE

1.1. Rationale of the Conference

Besides, the consultative meeting is supposed to offer an opportunity to update participants on

1.2. Expected Outcomes of the Consultative Meeting

1.3. Profiles of Conference Organizers

1.3.1. Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University

· BA in Economics (Regular and Extension)

· MSc in Economics (Regular and Extension)

The Department occasionally and on demand provides tailored MA programs such as MA in

1.3.2. Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)

Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID) is non-partisan, not-for-profit, non- political,

 Reduce the negative consequence of climate change hazards to Agro- pastoral

1.4. Participating Government Ministries, NGOs and Institutions

Ministry of Construction (MoC), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

1.5. Financial and Technical Supporters of the Conference

1.5.1. Pro-Development Network (PDN)

Pro-Development Network (PDN) is a consortium of Ethiopian residents‟ charities

As a consortium of charity organization, PDN is established with vision of creating vibrant

 Provision of different trainings,

1.5.2. United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR)

1.5.3. The World Bank Group (WBG)

Focus Area 2: Building Resilience and Inclusiveness

Focus Area 3: Supporting Institutional Accountability and Confronting Corruption

Focus Area 1: Promote Structural and Economic Transformation through Increased

i) Improved sustainability and effectiveness of safety nets

iv) Improved basic education learning outcomes

Focus Area 3: Supporting Institutional Accountability and Confronting Corruption. Overall

Objectives under this focus area are:

i) Increased capacity and improved governance in service delivery

1.5.4. Save the Environment-Ethiopia (SEE)

Save the Environment Ethiopia-SEE is nongovernmental, nonprofit indigenous NGO. operating

prevention of additional man-made environmental risks by engaging the community in

1.5.5. Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD)

Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD) is Ethiopian resident charity organization,

Natural resource management: to ensure environmental protection for sustainable

Livelihood development: livelihood development and building the resilience of

Agricultural sectors: Increase household income and economic activities through

1.5.6. FER Community Development, TVET and Consultancy Firm

1.6. Contact Details of Conference Organizers and Supporters

I. Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University

Mr. Negash Mulatu, Lecturer at Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University;

II. Agro-Pastoral Initiative for Development (AID)

Physical Address: Mainoffice is located at Addis Ababa, Bole Bulbula, 93 Mazoria.

Focal Person: Mr. Abdulkadir Mohammed, Executive Director of AID; Mobile:

III. Pro-Development Network (PDN)

IV. The World Bank Group (WB) Ethiopia Office

Contact Persons: Mr. Dereje Agonafir; Email: dhabtewold@worldbank.org; Tel:

V. United Nations Higher Commission for Refugee (UNHCR)

VI. FER Community Development, Technical and Vocational Training and

VII. Save the Environment Ethiopia (SEE)

VIII. Organization for Sustainable Development (OSD)

1.7. Benefits of Supporting the Conference

- We have conveyed the message to all participant governmental and non-governmental

PAPER PRESENTATIONS, DISCUSSIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD

2.1. Opening Remarks by President of Addis Ababa University

nongovernmental institutions to reduce environmental degradation, mitigate the effects of

………………………….... Mr. Negash Mulatu, Conference Facilitator ………………..…...

2.2. Self-Introduction of Key Players of the Conference

2.1.1. Organizers of the Conference