Produksi Bersih

FLOW CHART, MATERIAL AND

ENERGY BALANCE
Perangkat Produksi Bersih
 Fitur utama dari keberhasilan produksi bersih
adalah pemantauan peningkatan kinerja baik dari
peningkatan produktivitas sumber daya, dan
penurunan intensitas polusi.

 Indikator kinerja memungkinkan perusahaan

memantau penggunaan energi, air dan
bahan/material serta pembangkitan limbah dan
emisi.

.
ap
 Menyiapkan Diagram Alir Proses

 Input proses: bahan mentah, air, uap, energi (listrik, dll)

 Proses harus digambarkan secara berurutan dari bahan baku sampai produk jadi.
 Zat antara dan produk sampingan lainnya juga harus digambarkan
 Limbah/produk ikutan dapat termasuk padatan, air, bahan kimia, energi dll
 Output proses :produk akhir yang dihasilkan oleh suatu pabrik
 Studi kasus Pabrik Kacang Pedas

Background

 M/s. Hot and Spicy Peanut Factory owned by Ibu

Krisdayanti is situated in Tangerang, Banten. The
industry makes deep fried salted peanuts. The product
was until recently sold only in the local market. Ibu
Krisdayanti recently got an enquiry from Germany to
supply peanuts, which were found to go very well with
coffee and tea. However, the importer has insisted that
the company’s environmental performance will have to
be compatible with the best in the world. With a view to
improve the environmental performance and also to cut
down the losses, the company has decided to launch a
Cleaner Production Audit.
 The Process

 Shelled peanuts are produced in 50 kg jute bags. The bags are manually
opened and the peanuts are transferred to a daily storage hopper. The
frying medium, refined oil is procured in 15 kg tins and stored. Salt is
procured in 100 kg bags. The process consists of heating the oil in a large
frying pan. The oil from the tin is transferred manually to the frying pan.
The pan holds 25 kg of oil per batch. The heating is done by large LPG
(liquefied petroleum gas) burners. After the oil attains a temperature of
190oC, 10 kg of peanuts are fried with periodic churning. The fried peanuts
are removed and transferred to a tray. Requisite quantity of salt is added to
the peanuts and is thoroughly mixed. The peanuts are cooled and packed in
sizes of 100 g, 250 g, 500 g and 1000 g.

 After a few batches of frying, during which make up oil is also added, the oil
gets contaminated with dirt, and broken and burnt peanuts. This oil is
unloaded into empty cans and disposed off as waste oil. After every
unloading, the pan is washed with soap and detergents, including several
water rinses before the next batch is started.
a. Approximate quantity of make-up oil after every 5 batches
5 kg
b. Average quantity of peanuts fried everyday
500 kg
c. Average quantity of salt used per batch
1 kg
d. Average quantity of water consumed per day
5 KL
e. Average quantity of detergent used per day
0.5 kg
f. Average number of packings per day
500
g. Burnt oil removal and pan cleaning done at the end of the day
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 Example : Mass Balance Calculation

 A fabric filter (bag filter) is used to remove the dust from

the inlet gas stream so that outlet gas stream meets the
required emission standards in cement, fertilizer and
other chemical industries.
 During an air pollution monitoring study, the inlet gas
stream to a bag filter is 1,69,920 m3 /hr and the dust
loading is 4577 mg/m3 . The outlet gas stream from the
bag filter is 1,85,040 m3 /hr and the dust loading is 57
mg/m3 .
 What is the maximum quantity of ash that will have to be
removed per hour from the bag filter hopper based on
these test results?
 Solution
 Based on dust balance,
Mass (in) = Mass (out)
Inlet gas stream dust = outlet gas stream dust + Hopper Ash
 Calculate the inlet and outlet dust quantities in kg per hour
- Inlet dust quantity = 169920 (m3 /hr) x 4577 (mg/m3 ) x
1/1000000 (kg/mg) = 777.7 kg/hr
- Outlet dust quantity = 185040 (m3 /hr) x 57 (mg/m3 ) x
1/1000000 (kg/mg) = 10.6 kg/hr
 Calculate the quantity of ash that will have to removed from
the hopper per hour
- Hopper ash = Inlet gas dust quantity – Outlet gas dust quantity
= 777.7 kg/hr – 10.6 kg/hr = 767.1 kg/hr