Health and Nutritional Status

of Filipino Adults, 20-59 years old

CHONA F. PATALEN
Senior Science Research Specialist
 Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency
and Overweight and Obesity among Adults,
20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018
50.0

40.0 37.2
Prevalence (%)

31.1 31.1
26.6 28.4
30.0 24.0
20.2
20.0 16.6

10.0 13.9 13.2 12.3 11.6 10.0 10.0 10.3

8.0
0.0

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points

 Nutritional Status of ADULTS, 20-59 years old:
Philippines, 2018
50.0
2015 2018
40.0
Prevalence (%)

30.0
28.8
24.7
20.0
9.0 7.2 9.6
10.0 6.9

0.0
Chronic Energy Overweight * Obese *
Deficient * * significantly different at 5% level of significance
 Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist
Circumference (WC)° among Adults, 20 years old
and above: Philippines, 2003-2018
40.0
Male Female
30.0
Prevalence (%)

23.1 23.5
19.0 19.9 18.4
20.0 17.0

10.0
2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.9

0.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

° High WC is ≥102 cm (>40in) for males or ≥88 cm (>34in) for females

 Mean Waist Circumference (WC) among Adults,
20 years old and above: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
2015 2018
100.0
Waist Circumference

78.7 80.4 77.5 79.6

80.0
31.7 in 31.3 in
60.0
(cm)

40.0

20.0

0.0
Male * Female *
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist-Hip Ratio
(WHR)° among Adults, 20 years old and above:
Philippines, 2003-2018
Male Female
80.0
65.5 62.5 63.2 63.7
58.0
Prevalence (%)

60.0 54.8
*
40.0

20.0 12.1 11.1

6.9 8.0 7.1 8.3

0.0 *
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

° High WHR is ≥1.00 for males or ≥0.85 for females

 Anemia among ADULTS, 20-59 years old, by sex,
place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2018
15.0 15.0
12.7
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
11.2
10.0 9.3 8.3 10.0 9.0
7.6
6.0 5.2
5.0 5.0

2013 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL Male Female Rural Urban

15.0
Prevalence (%)

10.0 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.2

7.1
5.0

0.0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
 Trend in the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure°
among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018
30.0
25.3
23.9
25.0 22.0 22.5 22.3
21.0
19.2
Prevalence (%)

20.0

15.0

10.0
° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement,
5.0 systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a
diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher (JNC VII, 2004)
0.0
 Elevated Blood Pressure among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

50.0 50.0
2015 2018 2015 2018
Prevalence (%)

40.0 36.3

Prevalence (%)
40.0
28.3 30.0
30.0 30.0 25.3
20.8 22.2 20.2
20.0 16.0 16.7 20.0 16.9
11.7 12.7
9.1 10.0
10.0 5.5
2013 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL * 20-29 y * 30-39 y * 40-49 y * 50-59 y * Male * Female *

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Adults, 20 years old and above:
Philippines, 2003-2018
10.0
High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL
8.2
8.0 Impaired blood sugar: 110-125 mg/dL
Prevalence (%)

5.6 7.9
6.0 4.8
4.0 3.4
4.3
2.0
2.7
0.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
 High Fasting Blood Sugar among ADULTS,
20-59 years old, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
20.0 20.0
2013 2018 2013 2018

Prevalence (%)
Prevalence (%)

15.0 12.9 15.0

10.6
10.0 8.6 10.0
6.7 6.3 6.8 6.6
4.7 4.7 5.1 4.3
5.0 3.2 5.0
1.0 1.6
2013 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL* 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male * Female *
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 Current Smoking° among Adults, 20 years
old and above: Philippines, 1998-2018
40.0 34.8
32.7
31.0
30.0 25.4
Proportion (%)

23.3
20.7
20.0

10.0

0.0

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on a
regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)
- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.
 Current Smoking among ADULTS, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and place of residence:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
60.0 2015 2018 60.0 2015 2018
50.0 50.0 44.5
41.33
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
40.0 40.0

30.0 24.0 25.0 23.9 22.5 30.0

21.5 22.0 23.4 23.6
20.3 20.9
20.0 20.0

10.0 10.0 6.3 5.77

2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL * 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male * Female

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Binge Drinking° among currently drinking♦
ADULTS, 20-59 years old, by age group
and sex: Philippines, 2018
70.0 70.0 64.4 (a)
60.0 55.7 55.2 57.1 54.7 55.6 60.0
Proportion (%)

Proportion (%)
50.0 50.0
40.0 40.0
31.0 (b)
30.0 30.0
20.0 20.0
10.0 10.0
0.0 0.0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female

° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men Different letters represent significant difference
between groups at 5% level of significance
or 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women
♦ Drinking alcoholic beverages in the past 30 days
 Physical Inactivity° among ADULTS, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and place of residence:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
70.0 2015 2018 70.0 2015 2018
60.0 60.0
51.6
Proportion (%)

50.0 45.0 45.7 50.0 46.6

Proportion (%)
40.7 40.6 40.2 40.3
40.0 37.3 37.0 38.9 37.8 40.0 32.9
30.0 30.0
28.0

20.0 20.0
10.0 10.0
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria:

 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR
 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR
 an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week
- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
Summary (Adults)
 Chronic energy deficiency significantly declined,
while overweight and obesity are increasing
 Android obesity (WC and WHR) also increased
 Anemia is of “mild” public health significance
 Elevated blood pressure significantly declined,
while high fasting blood sugar increased
 Smoking further declines
 More than half of current drinkers are engaged
in binge drinking
 Physical inactivity did not change
Health and Nutritional Status
of Filipino Elderly,
60 years old and above
 Nutritional Status of the Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines, 2018
50.0
2015 2018
40.0
Prevalence (%)

30.0 24.7
21.3
20.0 17.2
13.4
10.0 4.8 6.3
0.0
Chronic Energy Deficient * Overweight * Obese *
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 High Waist Circumference among Elderly MALES,
60 years old and above, by age group and place
of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
10.0 10.0
2015 2018 2015 2018
7.5
Prevalence (%)

8.0 8.0

6.0 5.0 6.0

4.8 4.9 4.7
4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0
2.9 2.7 2.7
2.1
2.0 2.0
0.9
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & over Rural Urban *

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 High Waist Circumference among Elderly FEMALES,
60 years old and above, by age group, and
place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
40.0 2015 2018 40.0 2015 2018
34.5
Prevalence (%)

30.0 27.9 30.0 28.2

24.2 25.8
22.2 23.8 21.6
20.0 20.6
20.0 15.8 20.0 16.1

10.0 10.0
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL * 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & above Rural * Urban *
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
 High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly MALES,
60 years old and above, by age group and place of
residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
30.0 30.0
Proportion (%)

2015 2018 2015 2018

25.0 25.0 21.9
20.0 20.0
15.9 16.4 16.0 16.6
15.0 12.8 13.5 15.0
11.9 11.4
8.7 9.5 9.4
10.0 10.0

5.0 5.0
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over Rural Urban
 High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly FEMALES,
60 years old and above, by age group and place
of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
100.0 100.0 2015 2018
2015 2018
Proportion (%)

77.8
80.0 72.0 73.8 69.7 80.0 70.0
64.1 67.2 65.4 66.5
59.9 55.6 57.9
60.0 60.0

40.0 40.0

20.0 20.0
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL * 60-69 y * 70-79 y * 80y & over * Rural * Urban *

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

 Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above, by sex,
place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
30.0 2013 2018 30.0 2018
23.0 23.3
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
25.0 25.0 21.7
20.8 20.2 19.1 17.8
20.0 20.0 18.3
15.0 15.0
10.0 10.0
5.0 5.0
2013 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL Male Female Rural Urban

30.0 2018
24.1
Prevalence (%)

25.0 21.1 21.8

20.0 16.8 17.4
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Iodine Deficiency Disorder among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by
sex, place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
50.0 2013 2018 50.0 2013 2018
Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)
40.0 33.8 36.9 40.0 35.3
29.8 32.2
30.0 23.3 22.4 24.0 30.0 25.3
20.6
20.0 20.0
10.0 10.0
0.0 0.0
ALL * Male Female* Rural * Urban *

50.0
2013 2018
37.9 37.4
Prevalence (%)

40.0 34.9
30.6 33.2
30.0 24.6 24.8 25.9
18.7 18.5
20.0

10.0 * significantly
different at
0.0 5% level of
Poorest Poor * Middle * Rich * Richest significance
 Percent distribution of UIE values among the Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
50.0
2013 2018
Median UIE = 80 mcg/l Median UIE = 108 mcg/l
Prev <50 mcg/l = 33.8% Prev <50 mcg/l = 23.8% 2013 2018
40.0
Percentage (%)

30.4
30.0 27.6
24.0 23.8
20.0
18.8
15.0 15.5
12.9
7.8 8.9 9.6
10.0 5.8

0.0
<20 mcg/dL 20-49 mcg/dL 50-99 mcg/dL 100-199 mcg/dL 200-299 mcg/dL ≥300 mcg/dL
 Elevated Blood Pressure° among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
50.0 2015 2018 50.0 2015 2018
41.2 40.6 42.7 40.6 40.8 41.5
Prevalence (%)

40.0 35.0 37.1 36.8 40.0 36.8

Prevalence (%)
33.8 33.6
30.0 30.0

20.0 20.0

10.0 10.0
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL * 60-69 y * 70-79 y * 80y & over Male * Female *
° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressure * significantly different at 5% level of significance
of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher
- 7th Joint National Committee on detection and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII, 2004)
 High Fasting Blood Sugar among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
20.0 20.0
2013 2018 2013 2018
Prevalence (%)

15.3
15.0 13.8 15.0 13.8 13.9

Prevalence (%)
12.5 11.8
11.0 11.4
10.6
10.0 9.2 10.0
6.4 5.9
5.0 5.0

2013 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & above Male Female
 Current Smoking° among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
50.0 50.0
2015 2018 2015 2018
Proportion (%)

40.0 40.0

Proportion (%)
32.0
30.0 30.0 28.2

19.2 21.2
18.8 17.0
20.0 16.3 20.0
12.6 11.8
9.0 9.4
10.0 10.0 7.5
2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL 60-69y 70-79 y * 80y & over Male Female
° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) * significantly different at
5% level of significance
or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)
- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.
 Binge Drinking° among currently drinking♦ ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2018
60.0 60.0
(a)
48.0 50.4
50.0 44.9 50.0
Proportion (%)

Proportion (%)
40.0 33.8 40.0

30.0 24.4 30.0 (b)

21.1
20.0 20.0

10.0 10.0

0.0 0.0
ALL 60-69y 70-79 y 80y & over Male Female
° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men Different letters represent significant difference
between groups at 5% level of significance
or 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women
♦ Drinking alcoholic beverages in the past 30 days
 Physical Inactivity among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
80.0 77.6 80.0
2015 2018 70.6 2015 2018
61.8 59.9

Proportion (%)
56.6
Proportion (%)

60.0 52.6 60.0 55.0

50.6
45.1 45.5 42.9 44.7
40.0 40.0

20.0 20.0

2015 2018
0.0 0.0
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over Male Female
Summary (Elderly)
 Nutritional status of the elderly - CED significantly declined but
overweight and obesity is increasing, android obesity (WC and WHR)
also increased
 Anemia is of “moderate” public health significance
 Iodine deficiency disorder (based on UIE) decreased, but excessive
intake (300 mcg/dL or more) increased
 Elevated blood pressure significantly declined but high fasting blood
sugar increased
 Smoking further declines, but 4 in every 10 (44.9%) elderly are
engaged in binge drinking
 About half (50.6%) are physically inactive