pe W 16 IR Determination ofthe load resistance of Introduction “This Standard gives the principles of determining the lal resistance of plas. ‘The principles of determining the load resistance of glass are based on the sirecturl [Eurocode EN 1990: Basis of structural design. The acions are determined in accordance with the structural Eurocode series EN 1991: Basis of structural design ~ Actions on structures, including the National annexes. 1 Scope “This Standard gives the principles of determining the load resistance of glass. It gives: ‘the general method of calculation, and ‘determination of load resistance by testing for any application, ‘This Standard does not determine suitability for purpose. Resistance to applied loads is only ne par ofthe design process, which may also need 1 tak into acount: * eavioamental factors (@. sound insulation, thermal properties), safety characteristics (e.g. fre performance, breakage characteristics in relation to human safety, security) 2 Normative references “The following referenced documents are indispensable forthe application ofthis docunent. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest ceton ofthe referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [Ea ‘Gass in balding ~ Delerination of laninous and solar characterises of glaring ENS iiss in bllding - Base sod ime siete glass prods ENSTDT ‘Gass in building - Basic soda lime silicate glass products ~ Par Definitions and general physical and mechanical properties ENG “Glas in building - Determination of thermal tansmitance (U value) = Calculation method EN TO Glass in building - Mirrors fom silver coaied oat glass Tor iaewmal EN 1056 | Glass a building ~ Coated glass EN 1279 ‘Gass in building sulting lass units "EN 1748:1 | Glas in building - Basic borosiieate glass products EN T748-1-1 [Glass in building ~ Basic boroslicae glass products ~ Pat T Definitions and general physical and mechanical properties ENTHE2 | Glass in building - Basic glass ceramies productsfENTaaT—] ]Giass in building - Basie glass ceramics products - Part I= Definitions and general physical and mechanical properties EN 1863 Giass in building - Heat strengthened soda lime siete glass TEN 1863-1 lass in building - Heat strengthened soda lime slieate glass ~ Part: Definition and description TEN 1990;3000 | Euracode = Basie of srvesural design EN 1991, ‘Actions om sivcures| [EN 1991-14 | Wind actions. EN 1997 ‘Geotechnical dex EN 1998 Design of structures for eanhguake EN 12150, ‘Gass in building - Thermally toughened soda Time silicate salty glass EN 12150-1 [Glass in building - Thermally toughened sods lime silicate safety glass ~ Part 1: Definition and description ENISS7 Giass in building - Chemically strengihened soda Tine scare glass 'EN 123371 | Glass in building - Chemically strengthened soda lime silicate gas = Part 1: Definition and description [EN 180 12543 —| Glas in building - Laminated and laminated iy glass EN 180 125431 [Glass in building ~ Laminated and faminated safeyy glass ~ Part 1 Definitions and description of component parts ENO Glass in building - Thermally toughened borosilicate safey glass EN 130241 [Glass in building - Thermally toughened boroslicae safety gas Part 1: Definition and description ENA Glass in building - Basic alkaline earth Scale glass prodios EN 141781 | Gass in building - Basic alkaline earth sia glass products ~ Par efiniions and general physical and mechanical properties EN TAT ‘Glass in building - Heat soaked thermally toughened soda line cate safety glass EN T4179 | Gass in bulding ~ Heat soaked thermally Toughened soda Time sca safety glass - Part 1: Definition and description EN T4321 | Glass in building - Thermally toughened alkaline ean slate wey lass EN 143211 | Glass in building ~ Thermally toughened alkaline ath oilcae saleiy las - Part I: Definition and description | EN Ta9 Glass in building ~ Laminated glass and laminated safety glass — Evaluation of conformity/Product Standard 3 Terms and def ions For the purposes ofthis document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 annealed glass: Glass which has been treated during manufacture to minimise the residual sess in the glass, allowing itt be cut by scoring and snapping. [NOTE Fxamples are oat glass, drawn sheet las, patterned glass and wired gla.3.2 effective thickness (of laminated glass): A thickness calculated for laminated glass ‘hich, when used in place ofthe pass thickness in an engineering formula, wil result in 8 Teasonably accurate determination of the deflection of and /o stress in the laminated glass. 133 prestressed pass: Glass which has been subjected oa strengthening treatment, by heat ‘or chemicals, which induces a compressive surface stress into the whole surface ofthe tlss, balanced by a tensile sre within the body ofthe glass. NOTE Examples are thermally roughened safety glass, heat strengthened glass and chemically stengthened gas. ‘34 main structure: The teams, the columns, the floor forming the main strscture of the building (se figure 1). [NOTE The main strctre is commonly class of consequence CC2 or CC3. e- @®- @ Key main structure 2 secondary structure 3 infil pane Figure 1 — Identifiation of structure [NOTE Elements of main structure are stritural in so far as they carry themselves and secondary structures, and, in case of failure, endanger the fundamental stability of the building. The main structural elements must have a safety and a ribilty appropriate 10 their design use and larger factor of safety than the one applicable to the secondarystructure of to the non structural nfl elements. ‘These main strotures are the reference structure and constinte the point of reference forthe coefficients determined hereafter. 3.5 secondary structure: Windows assembly frames, which are secondary scuctues Insofar a8 thei stability i their own, NOTE 1 Secondary structures are commonly clas of consequence CCI or CC2. NOTE2 An example of glass secondary structure is pass fs. NOTE3 A flure of these secondary structures only affects the infill panels or the now-structral elements carted by this secondary structure and in no case has any effec on the main streture ofthe building. ‘The secondary structures ‘ca be replaced independently ofthe main suctres, 3.6 infil panels; Elements placed in structures inorder to close building and which do ‘not contribute in any manne to the stability ofthe main structure, [NOTE infil panes are commonly a class of consequence lower than CC 3.7 classes of consequence: classes which allow for the fect that the failure of the secondary structures oF the infill panels does not have the same economic and/or human consequences ofthat ofthe failure ofthe min structues NOTE An adapted factor of safety is thus aeeptable on the actions. The coefficient of class of consequence, kn, expresses the adaptation ofthe factor of safety applicable to the ‘secondary structures and infll panels compared to that applicable forthe main structures according tothe EN 1990, Annex B. This coefficient is integrated in he partial coefiients relating to the ations, o and yo, except inthe case where the action has a favourable elect ina combination of actions. The coefficient of class of consequence doesnot apply to the arial coefficients relating to materials. 3.8 unfactored load: an action as obtained from EN 1991 (e.g. wind load, snow load), including al the factors relevant for determining the action, but before applying the pasta factors fr actions ze, 7e andlor 4 Symbols and abbreviations x Surface area ofthe pane (=a x0) a ‘Shorter dimension of te pane a? | Characteristic length of an insulating glass uit ® Conger dimension of th pane (Co [Limiting design value of the relevant serviceability erierion z cx | Coeflicient forthe effect of altude change on isochore pressure (=0,12 KPaim) cpa | Probability factor applied to the wind pressure for different return periods er Coefficient for the effect of eavity temperature change on isochore presse 34 KPalK) = "Young's modulis Ex Effect of the aston()