ABSORBER

function: Points reaction formation of NO₂ , NO and HNO3

Points dilution HNO3 (65% wt) and gas absorption NO₂ by 28120.0904 Kg / hour.
Type: Packed Tower (Sieve Tray Absorber (Sieve Tray Absorber)
Purpose : 1. Calculate the primary dimension absorber
2. Calculate the diameter of the tower
3. Calculate high packing
4. Calculate the thick shell
5. Calculate your thick head
6. Calculating the head high
7. Counting high absorber

The composition of the gas mixture separator exit / entry absorber

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h x (mole fraction)
O₂ 2214.1193 32 69.1912 0.0778
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.8082
NO 2986.7259 30 99.5575 0.1119
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0021
amount 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000

absorbent composition
Component kg / hr BM kmol / h X (mol fraction)
H₂O 2229.2634 18 123.8480 1.0000

Absorber exit gas composition

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Y (mol fraction)
O₂ 779.9737 32 24.3742 0.0311
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.9174
NO 1077.8256 30 35.9275 0.0459
NO₂ 119.1137 46 2.5894 0.0033
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0023
22133.2708 783.4804 1.0000

The composition of the product

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Y (mol fraction)
H₂O 1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6158
NO₂ 420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575
HNO₃ 3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267
5454.3052 158.9571 1.0000

General equation of the operating line

L, L2 G2, Gs Information :
 X2, x2 Y2, y2 Gs: insoluble gas rate (kmol / h)
Gs: total gas rate (kmol / h)
Ls: absorbent flow rate (kmol / h)
L: total flow rate (kmol / h)
Y: the mole ratio of solute in the gas phase
y: solue mole fraction in the gas phase
X: the mole ratio of solute in the liquid phase
x: molsolute fraction in the gas phase
Subscript 1: below the tower
L1, Ls G1, Gs Subscript 2: tower
X1, x1 Y1, y1

Total mass balance:

L + G1 = L1 + G .................. (1)

Balance components:
L * x + G1 * y1 = L1 * x1 + G * y .................. .. (2)

Gs = G (1 - y) --------------> G = Gs / (1 - y) .................. .. (3)

Ls = L (1 - x) ---------------> L = Ls / (1 - x) ...................... (4)

Substituting equation (3) and (4) to equation (2)

 x   y 
Ls    G1. y1  L1.x1  Gs  .......... .......... ...( 5)
1  x  1  y 

Analogy for the G1 and L1 so we get:

 x   y1   x1   y 
Ls    G1.   L1.1  x1  Gs 1  y .......... .......... ...( 5)
1  x  1  y1     
1. Calculate Z (Top Dimensions Absorber)

T sign absorber = 150 ⁰C = 423 K

P absorber = 10 ATM

Tr = T / Tc
Pr = P / Pc

 B.P
c   Pr 
Z  1     Pers. 3-61, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 101)
 R.T
c  Tr 

1
BPc
 B 0   B 1 Pers. 3-63, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 102)
RTc
0,422
B o  0,083 
 Tr  1,6
 0,422
B o  0,083  Pers. 3-65, Smith & Van Ness, ed.7, p. 102)
 Tr  1,6

0,172 Pers. 3-66, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 102)

B 1  0,139 
 Tr  4,2
Umpan Absorber
1. Determine Yi
Component bmi Mass mol yi yi.BMi
(Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) (Kmol / h)
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778 2.4896
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082 22.6295
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119 3.3584
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021 0.0350
Total 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000 28.5124

Component Tc (K) Pc (bar) Pc (atm) vc Zc ω

O₂ 154.58 50.43 49.7705 73.40 0.2880 0.022
N₂ 126.10 33.94 33.4962 90.10 0.2920 0.040
NO 180.15 64.85 64.0020 57.70 0.2500 0.585
NO2 431.4 101.3 99.9753 82.50 0.2330 0.849
NH₃ 405.65 112.78 111.3052 118.80 0.2770 0.252
Total 1297.88 363.3 358.5492 422.50 1.3400 1.748

Gas feed Absorber

Component (Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) kmol / h Yi Bo B1
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778 -0.0013 0.1365
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082 0.0221 0.1379
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119 -0.0247 0.1342
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021 -0.3116 -0.0053
Total 25357.203 889.3380 1.0000

Exit Gas Absorber

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Yi Bo B1
O₂ 779.9737 32 24.3742 0.0311 -0.0013 0.1365
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.9174 0.0221 0.1379
NO 1077.8256 30 35.9275 0.0459 -0.0247 0.1342
NO₂ 119.1137 46 2.5894 0.0033 -0.3524 -0.0477
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0023 -0.3116 -0.0053
Total 22133.2708 783.4804 1.0000

2. Calculate the diameter Tower

Low part :
Inlet flow rate (G) = 25357.2030 kg / hr
= 55912.6326 lb / hr
The flow rate of the product ( 5454.3052 kg / hr
= 12026.74297 lb / hr

1
L ρG  2

Calculating the price  

G
  ρ L  ρG 


Where : L = the flow rate of product, lb / hr
G = gas flow rate, lb / hr
ρG = Density of the incoming gas, lb / f 3
ρL = Mass of products out, lb / ft3

Feed Absorber
Component bmi Mass mol yi yi.BMi
(Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) (Kmol / h)
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778 2.4896
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082 22.6295
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119 3.3584
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021 0.0350
Total 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000 28.5124

PM
Determine the density of the gas inlet, G 
(ZRT)
Where : P = operating pressure = 145.0380 psia
M = molecular weight of the mixture = 28.5124 lb / lbmol
R = ideal gas constant = 10.73 psia f3 / lbmol oR
T = the operating temperature = 762 oR
Z= 1.0023
ρG = 0.5046 lb / f3
Determine the density of the product out, ρL
ρL = AB- (1-T / Tc) ^ n T= 423 K
Table Density of Liquid
Component A B n tc ρL Kg / hr
H₂O 0.3471 0.274 0.25871 547.13 0.838518343 1761.8375
NO₂ 0.5424 0.2721 0.2432 431.35 0.893101468 420.4867
HNO₃ 0.43471 0.2311 0.2917 520 1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052
so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T= 423 K
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D LOQ μ μ
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631 -0.73847355 0.1826107976
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754 -1.27269653 0.0533707705
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06 -0.52139003 0.3010301306

So μ = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h
1
L  2
ρG
   0.0202928076

G  ρL ρG  


By using 18.6 ( Mc. Cabe & Smith, Ed. 7, p. 572) can be determined the gas flow rate
cross section for abscissa = 0.020353132 by taking price ΔP = 0.8 in H2O / (f packing ), Obtained
price ordinate = 0.1
Type packing that will be used is the type of Raschig rings2 in. From Table 18.1 (Mc. Cabe & Smith,
ed. 7, p. 568) for the typeRaschig rings 2 in, the price obtained Packing Factor = 70
So it can be put into the following formula:
(G') 2 Fμ 0,1
= ordinate
ρG (ρL  ρG )gc
Where : G '= gas flow rate, lb / f2 hour
F = factor packing
μ = Viscosity formaldeid, lb / f h
ρG = Density of the incoming gas, lb / ft 3
ρL = Mass of products out, lb / ft3
gc = Acceleration due to gravity, ft / hr2
F= 70
μ= 0.5174 lb / f h
ρG = 0.5046 lb / f3
ρL = 57.1985 lb / f3
gc = 32.2 f / s2 = 417312000 f / hr2
ordinate = 0.1
(G ')2 = 18216365.364
G '= 4268.0634 lb / f2 hour
conditions sebenarya floading = 60%
G '= G 'x% floading
= 2560.8381 lb / f2 hour
G  4A 
1
2
A D   
G'  π 
 Where : A = flow area gas, f2
G = the flow rate of the inlet gas absorber, lb / hr
G '= gas flow rate, lb / f2 hour
D = diameter of the absorber, f

G= 55912.6 lb / hr
G '= 2560.8381 lb / f2 hour
π= 3.14
A= 21.8337 f2
D= 5.2739 f = 1.6075 m

Top :
The flow rate out (G) = 22133.3 kg / hr
48803.9 lb / hr
Absorbent flow rate (L) = 2229.3 kg / hr
4915.5 lb / hr

Absorber exit gas composition

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Y (mol fraction) Yi.Bmi
O₂ 779.9737 32 24.3742 0.0311 0.99552425
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.9174 25.68696303
NO 1077.8256 30 35.9275 0.0459 1.375689362
NO₂ 119.1137 46 2.5894 0.0033 0.152031507
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0023 0.039728756
27586.4664 783.4804 1.0000 28.2499369

PM
Determine the density of the gas out, G 
(ZRT)
MWhere : P = operating pressure
M = molecular weight of the mixture
T )
R = ideal gas constant, 10.73 psia f3 / Lbmol R
T = operating temperature

P= 145.0380 psia
M= 28.2499 lb / lbmol
Z= 1.0022
R= 10.73 psia f3 / lbmol oR
T = T product 762 oR
ρG = 0.5000 lb / f3

Determine the density of the product out, ρL

ρL = AB- (1-T / Tc) ^ n T= 423 K
Table Density of Liquid
Component A B n tc ρL Kg / hr
 H₂O 0.3471 0.274 0.25871 547.13 0.838518343 1761.8375
NO₂ 0.5424 0.2721 0.2432 431.35 0.893101468 420.4867
HNO₃ 0.43471 0.2311 0.2917 520 1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052
so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T= 423 K
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D LOQ μ μ
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631 -0.73847355 0.1826107976
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754 -1.27269653 0.0533707705
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06 -0.52139003 0.3010301306

So μ = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h

1
L  2
ρG
   0.0208557736

G  ρL ρG  


By using 18.6 ( Mc. Cabe & Smith, Ed. 7, p. 572) can be determined the gas flow rate
cross section for abscissa = 0.04093943 with mengambilharga ΔP = 0.8 in H2O / (f packing ), Obtained
price ordinate = 0.2
Type packing that will be used is the type of Raschig rings2 in. From Table 18.1 (Mc. Cabe & Smith,
ed. 7, p. 568) for the typeRaschig rings 2 in, the price obtained Packing Factor = 70
So it can be put into the following formula:
(G' ) 2 Fμ 0,1
= ordinate
ρ G (ρ L  ρ G )g c

Where : G '= gas flow rate, lb / f2 hour

F = factor packing
μ = Viscosity of the product, lb / f h
ρG = Density of the incoming gas, lb / ft 3
ρL = Mass of products out, lb / ft3
gc = Acceleration due to gravity, ft / hr2
F= 70
μ= 0.5174 lb / f h
ρG = 0.5000 lb / f3
ρL = 57.1985 lb / f3
gc = 32.2 f / s2 = 417312000 f / hr2
ordinate = 0.2
(G ')2 = 36104205.883
G '= 6008.6775 lb / f2 hour

conditions sebenarya floading = 60%

G '= G 'x% floading
= 3605.2065 lb / f2 hour
1
G  4A  2
A D   
G'  π 
Where : A = flow area gas, f2
G = the flow rate of the inlet gas absorber, lb / hr
G '= gas flow rate, lb / f2 hour
D = diameter of the absorber, f
G= 48803.9 lb / hr
G '= 3605.2065 lb / f2 hour
π= 3.14
A= 13.5371 f2
D= 4.1527 f = 1.2657 m
Taken price largest diameter = 5.2663 ft

3. High Counting Packing

a. Calculating the price of ΔP lm (the mean log )

Y1  Y 2
 P lm 
 Y 
ln  1 
 Y2 
Where : Y1 = Nitric acid gas partial pressure entry
Y2 = Partial pressure of gas Nitric Acid exit
mol NO masuk
Y1  xPtotal
mol masuk tota l
mol NO sign = 99.5575 kmol / h
total inlet gas mole = 889.3380 kmol / h
P absorber = 10 ATM
Y1 = 1.1195 ATM
mol NO keluar
Y2  xPtotal
mol keluar tot al
mol NO exit = 35.9275 kmol / h
moles of gas out total = 783.4804 kmol / h
P absorber = 10 ATM
Y2 = 0.4586 ATM
ΔP lm = 0.7405

b. Counting partspacking
1 which is hydrated (fa)
 L'  4
fa  0 , 24   (Eq. 9-11, Ludwig, Vol. 2, p. 176)
 G' 
L
L'
A
Where : L = below the product flow rate, lb / hr
A = flow area gas, f2
L= 12026.7 lb / hr
A= 21.8337 f2
L '= 550.8333 lb / f2 hour
G
G' 
A
Where : G = the flow rate of the inlet gas absorber, lb / hr
A = flow area gas, f2
G= 25357.2 lb / hr
A= 13.5371 f2
G '= 1873.1705 lb / f2 hour
fa = 0.1767

c. calculate kgA

0,56
 D V(dicari) 
k g A( dicari )  k g A( diketahui )   ( Ludwig, 1979)
D 
 V(diketahui) 
0,0069xT 3/2 (1/M A  1/M B ) 0,5
DV 
P(VA1/3  VB1/3 ) 0,5
Where : DV = Coefficient of gas diffusion, f2 / hour
T0 = The inlet temperature absorber, oR
T1 = Temperature out absorber, oR
P1.0 = Total pressure, atm
MA, MB = Molecular weight of A and B
VA, VB = Molecular volume (Table 9:33, Ludwig, Vol. 2, hal.189)
 tc pc Tr pr w
NO2 431.35 101.33 0.9806421699 0.098687457 0.849
HNO3 520 68.9 0.8134615385 0.145137881 0.714

Tr pr
2.7364 0.2009
3.3545 0.2985
2.3480 0.1562
0.9805 0.1000
1.0428 0.0898
10.4623 0.8456

B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0778
0.0277 1.0025 0.8102
0.0538 1.0036 0.1123
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0020
0.7958 1.0023

B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0311
0.0277 1.0025 0.9197
0.0538 1.0036 0.0460
-0.3929 0.9599 0.0032
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0023
0.9878 1.0022
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083
 Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083

Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
B₀ B₁ B Pc / R Tc Z₁
-0.3524071404 -0.047717092 -0.39291895 0.9604583882
-0.5041826478 -0.27036711 -0.69722476 0.8756010947
1. Determine the diameter Tower

ρg 0.50000621 lb / f3 8.016485 kg / m3
ρl 57.1985039 lb / f3 917.0506 kg / m3
G 55912.6326 lb / hr 7.051204 kg / s
L 12026.743 lb / hr 1.516706 kg / s

Taken t = 0.5 m tray spacing

1
L    2
 G
  0.020111 because ˂ 0.1, use the value of 0.1
G   L 
0 .5 Treybal. Eq.6.29
   G 
V F  C F  L 
 G 

 
  0.2
 1    Treybal. Eq.6.30
C F   log 1
   
 L  ρG  2
  0.02 
   
 G   ρ L   
  0.0744(t )  0.01173
  0.0304(t )  0.015

α= 0.0489
β= 0.0302
cf = 0.09458718
Vf = 2.8628064 m / s

flooding rate of 80%, V = 2.290245 m / s

Determining the cross-sectional area, At (m2)

Q
An 
V
Q= 0.87958798
An = 0.38405845

Long been the weir, W = 0.7 D

An
At 
1  8,8%
 An
At 
1  8,8%
at = 0.42111672 m2

1
 4A  2
D   t

 π 
= 0.73243049 m
taken, D = 1m Current

at = 0.7875 m2 Current

W= 0.7 m

Downspout cross section

A d  0 , 088  A t

Ad = 0.0693 m2

A a  A t  2 . A d  0 . 222

aa = 0.4269 m2
q/W= 0.00236271 m3 / ms

2. Determine the weir crest (h1) and the weir height (hw)

taken h1 = 25 mm = 0.025 m (Analogy)

h1 / D = 0.025
W/D= 0.7
D/W= 1.42857143
2
D   D  2h D 
2 0 .5
 Weff  
2 2

         1  1  Treybal. Eq. 6:34
 W   W   W 
  D W


(Weff / W) ^ 2 = 0.84915452
(Weff / W) = 0.92149581

2 2
 q  3  W  3

h 1  0 . 666     Treybal. Eq. 6:33

W  W 
 eff 
h1 = 0.01118776 m = 11.18776 mm

h1 / D = 0.01118776
D/W= 1.42857143

(Weff / W) ^ 2 = 0.93375653
(Weff / W) = 0.96631078

h1 = 0.01154761 m
hw = 50 mm = 0.05 m

3. Determine Dry pressure drop, hd

A0  0.1275 Aa

A0 = 0.05442975 m2

Vₒ = Q / Aₒ
Vₒ = 16.1600592 m / s

μG = 0.00003334 kg / ms

l= 0.0025
dₒ = 0.002
Cₒ = 1.03085835 7771.258
f= 0.008
g= 9.807 m2 / s

2hD g L   A0  4.l. f  A0  
2

 C0 0.401.25     1   
V0  G
2
  An  d  An  
0


2hD g L
 1.2575968
V0  G
2

hd = 0.14636993 m

4. Determine Hydraulic head, hl

Va = Q / Aa
Va = 2.06040755 m / s

z=D+W/2
z= 0.85 m
q= 0.0016539 m3 / s

hl = 0.02468764 m

5. Determining Residual pressure drop, hR

hR = 0.01334295 m

6. Determine the total gas-pressure drop, hG

Hg = 0.18440052 m

7. Determine the velocity Weeping

W/D= 0.7
weir = 0.3296 D
= 0.3296 m

Z = 2 (weir)
= 0.6592 m
ABSORBER

function: Points reaction formation of NO₂ , NO and HNO3

Points dilution HNO3 (65% wt) and gas absorption NO₂ by 28120.0904 Kg / hour.
Type: Packed Tower (Sieve Tray Absorber (Sieve Tray Absorber)
Purpose : 1. Calculate the primary dimension absorber
2. Calculate the diameter of the tower
3. Calculate high packing
4. Calculate the thick shell
5. Calculate your thick head
6. Calculating the head high
7. Counting high absorber

The composition of the gas mixture separator exit / entry absorber

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h x (mole fraction)
O₂ 2214.1193 32 69.1912 0.0778
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.8082
NO 2986.7259 30 99.5575 0.1119
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0021
amount 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000

absorbent composition
Component kg / hr BM kmol / h X (mol fraction)
H₂O 2229.2634 18 123.8480 1.0000

Absorber exit gas composition

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Y (mol fraction)
O₂ 779.9737 32 24.3742 0.0311
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.9174
NO 1077.8256 30 35.9275 0.0459
NO₂ 119.1137 46 2.5894 0.0033
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0023
22133.2708 783.4804 1.0000

The composition of the product

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Y (mol fraction)
H₂O 1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6158
NO₂ 420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575
HNO₃ 3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267
5454.3052 158.9571 1.0000

General equation of the operating line

L, L2 G2, Gs Information :
 X2, x2 Y2, y2 Gs: insoluble gas rate (kmol / h)
Gs: total gas rate (kmol / h)
Ls: absorbent flow rate (kmol / h)
L: total flow rate (kmol / h)
Y: the mole ratio of solute in the gas phase
y: solue mole fraction in the gas phase
X: the mole ratio of solute in the liquid phase
x: molsolute fraction in the liquid phase
Subscript 1: below the tower
L1, Ls G1, Gs Subscript 2: tower
X1, x1 Y1, y1

Total mass balance:

L + G1 = L1 + G .................. (1)

Balance components:
L * x + G1 * y1 = L1 * x1 + G * y .................. .. (2)

Gs = G (1 - y) --------------> G = Gs / (1 - y) .................. .. (3)

Ls = L (1 - x) ---------------> L = Ls / (1 - x) ...................... (4)

Substituting equation (3) and (4) to equation (2)

 x   y 
Ls    G1. y1  L1.x1  Gs  .......... .......... ...( 5)
1  x  1  y 

Analogy for the G1 and L1 so we get:

 x   y1   x1   y 
Ls    G1.   L1.1  x1  Gs 1  y .......... .......... ...( 5)
1  x  1  y1     
1. Calculate Z (Top Dimensions Absorber)

T sign absorber = 150 ⁰C = 423 K

P absorber = 10 ATM

Tr = T / Tc
Pr = P / Pc

 B.P
c  P r 
Z  1     Pers. 3-61, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 101)
 R.T
c   Tr 

1
BPc
 B 0   B 1 Pers. 3-63, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 102)
RTc
0,422
B o  0,083 
 Tr  1,6
 0,422
B o  0,083  Pers. 3-65, Smith & Van Ness, ed.7, p. 102)
 Tr  1,6

0,172 Pers. 3-66, Smith & Van Ness, ed. 7, p. 102)

B 1  0,139 
 Tr  4,2
Umpan Absorber
1. Determine Yi
Component bmi Mass mol yi
(Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) (Kmol / h)
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021
Total 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000

Component Tc (K) Pc (bar) Pc (atm) vc

O₂ 154.58 50.43 49.7705 73.40
N₂ 126.10 33.94 33.4962 90.10
NO 180.15 64.85 64.0020 57.70
NO2 431.4 101.3 99.9753 82.50
NH₃ 405.65 112.78 111.3052 118.80
Total 1297.88 363.3 358.5492 422.50

Gas feed Absorber

Component (Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) kmol / h Yi
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021
Total 25357.203 889.3380 1.0000

Exit Gas Absorber

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Yi
O₂ 779.9737 32 24.3742 0.0311
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.9174
NO 1077.8256 30 35.9275 0.0459
NO₂ 119.1137 46 2.5894 0.0033
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0023
Total 22133.2708 783.4804 1.0000

2. Calculate the diameter Tower

Low part :
Inlet flow rate (G) = 25357.2030 kg / hr
= 55912.6326 lb / hr
The flow rate of the product (L) = 5454.3052 kg / hr
= 12026.74297 lb / hr

1
L  ρG  2

Calculating the price  

G  ρ  ρ  
 L G 
Where : L = the flow rate of product, lb / hr
G = gas flow rate, lb / hr
ρG = Density of the incoming gas, lb / f 3
ρL = Mass of products out, lb / ft3

Feed Absorber
Component bmi Mass mol yi
(Kg / kmol) (Kg / hr) (Kmol / h)
O₂ 32 2214.1193 69.191228125 0.0778
N₂ 28 20125.2311 718.7582535714 0.8082
NO 30 2986.7259 99.55753 0.1119
NH₃ 17 31.1267 1.8309823529 0.0021
Total 25357.2030 889.3380 1.0000

PM
Determine the density of the gas inlet, G 
(ZRT)
Where : P = operating pressure = 145.0380
M = molecular weight of the mixture = 28.5124
R = ideal gas constant = 10.73
T = the operating temperature = 762 oR
Z= 1.0023
ρG = 0.5046 lb / f3
Determine the density of the product out, ρL
ρL = AB- (1-T / Tc) ^ n T=
Table Density of Liquid
Component A B n tc
H₂O 0.3471 0.274 0.25871 547.13
NO₂ 0.5424 0.2721 0.2432 431.35
HNO₃ 0.43471 0.2311 0.2917 520

so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
 Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T=
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06

So mL = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h

Top :
The flow rate out (G) = 22133.3 kg / hr
48803.9 lb / hr
Absorbent flow rate (L) = 2229.3 kg / hr
4915.5 lb / hr

Absorber exit gas composition

Component kg / hr BM kmol / h Y (mol fraction)
O₂ 779.9737 32 24.3742 0.0311
N₂ 20125.2311 28 718.7583 0.9174
NO 1077.8256 30 35.9275 0.0459
NO₂ 119.1137 46 2.5894 0.0033
NH₃ 31.1267 17 1.8310 0.0023
27586.4664 783.4804 1.0000

PM
Determine the density of the gas out, G 
(ZRT)
MWhere : P = operating pressure
M = molecular weight of the mixture
RT )
R = ideal gas constant, 10.73 psia f3 / Lbmol R
T = operating temperature

P= 145.0380 psia
M= 28.2499 lb / lbmol
Z= 1.0022
R= 10.73 psia f3 / lbmol oR
T = T product = 762 oR
ρG = 0.5000 lb / f3

Determine the density of the product out, ρL

ρL = AB- (1-T / Tc) ^ n T=
Table Density of Liquid
Component A B n tc
H₂O 0.3471 0.274 0.25871 547.13
NO₂ 0.5424 0.2721 0.2432 431.35
HNO₃ 0.43471 0.2311 0.2917 520

so ρL = 0.9162022083 g / cm3
57.1985038615 lb / f3
CARL L. yaws
Determining the price of viscosity μ =
Log μ = A + B / T + CT + DT2 T=
Table Visicosity of Liquid
Component A B C D
H₂O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -0.000012631
NO₂ -8.431 932.6 0.02759 -0.00003754
HNO₃ -3.5221 729.46 0.0039634 -2.2372E-06

So μ = 0.2138699638 centipoise
0.00021387 Kg / m sec
0.0021386996 g / cm sec
0.5173920777 lb / f h

Feed in (Liq) BM av = 18 kg / kmol

Density, ρL = 838.5183 kg / m3
viscosity,mL = 0.0001826 kg / ms
L= 2229.26340 kg / hr =
volumetric flow rate, q = 2.65857 m3 / h =
Feed entry (Gas) BM av = 28.51245 kg / kmol
Density,ρg = 8.08286 kg / m3
Viscosity, g = 2.3061E-05 kg / ms
G '= 25357.20300 kg / hr =
volumetric flow rate, Q = 3137.15590 m3 / h =
Tool design data
Type of packing: Ceramic Raschig Ring
Nominal Size: 1 in = 25

Wall Thickness: 3
Cf : 155
CD : 301
ε: 0.73
specific surface area (ap): 190 m2 / m3
58 f2 / f3
m: 34.42
number of baffles (n): 0
p: 0.552
diameter (ds) : 0.0356 m

Counting flooding gas velocity:

Gas flow rate, G '=
= 0.0211185661 Liquid leaving, L '=

Table 6.3 Treyball, in disposable packing kinds of ceramic Raschig ring 25 mm (1 inch), Cf =
so:

= 0.061
used pressure drop of gas = 250
= 65.5367
= 65847.6301

G² = 6.2476
G' = 2.4995 kg / m2.dtk
1. Determine the diameter Absorber, Dt
Tower cross sectional area, A
= 2.8180 m2
= 30.3326663492 f2

Tower diameter, Dt
= 1.8947 m 5.6840343188
= 74.5936 in

2. Determine the height of packing, Z

a. Counting liquid holdup: jlt
in disposable packing kinds of ceramic Raschig ring size 25 mm (1 inch)
from Table 6.5 Treyball, In the can:
ds = 0.0356 m

= 0.4303 L '=
L=
= 0.0140

= 0.0147

so:
= 0.0007

For liquid viscosity <0012 kg / m.dtk, then:

 0.1737 0.262log L '
975.7( L' ) 0.57 (  l ) 0.13   
H   
 l 0.84 ( 2.024.L' 0.430 1)  0.073 

with:
Voltage advance, = 0.040 N/m
viscosity liquid, = 0.000183 kg / m.dtk

then:
H= 6.9502 m

= 0.0052 m3 / m3

= 0.00792 m3 / m3

= 0.01311 m3 / m3

b. interfacial area
Table 6.4 Treyball, for Raschig ring 25 mm (1 inch) in the can:
m= 34.42
L '= 0.2197 kg / m2.dtk
p= 0.552
n=0
= 0.0000

= 14.9125 m2 / m3

= 103.6441 m2 / m3

Tabel 6.3 Treybal

e= 0.73

e lo  e  j lt  0.71689

3. Calculate the coefficient of gas phase

From equation 6.70 Treyball:
0.36
2/3
FG ScG  d sG ' 
 1.195 
G   1 e
 G lo  

= 0.0388 G '=
G=
0.0203
 fg = 4.5716E-02 kmol / m2.s

G
H tG   0.0185
FG  a

y2  yi
N tg   ln 0.1500
y1  y i
4. Calculate Fraction of total packing area, fa
1
 L'  4 L '= kg / m2.jam
fa  0 , 24  
 G'  G '= kg / m2.jam

fa = 0.1306852
5. Calculate your gas overall mass transfer coefficient, KGA
By using the value fa, It will obtain the value of Kga of the image 9-44D, Ludwig,
KGA = 0.78 lbmol / hr.ft3.ATM Branen, Rule of thumb for Chem.Eng, 102
0.3539 kmol / hr.ft3.ATM
0.28 0.5
G P
KG a   K G a   
L  Pt 

KGA (searchable) = 2.7013900797 lbmol / hr.f3.ATM

1.2255648669 kmol / hr.f3.ATM
6. Calculate the log mean driving force, Pm
for this type of ceramic packing size 25 mm (1 in) the type of packing rasching rings, obtained:
 0.53
= 0.22
504.5330 in H2O / f of packing height
1 in H2O =
1.2567E+05 Pa L = lb / s
1.256735586 ATM G = lb / s
ρ = lb / f3
7. Calculate the packing height (Z)

n
Z  14.2469 f= 4.3425 m
K g a. A.plm. f a
Distribution on top that allowed = 1 f
Redistribution of the mid-point, 1 ft 0 f
Total height of packing,
Total high packing = Z + Distribution Top + Redistribution midpoint
= 15.2469 f
= 4.6473 m
Total Packing support 1
each packing high support 2 in
total height of the packing support 2 in
0.1666666667 f
Room high above the fluid distributor 4f
High space under packing 4f
High self-support 7f

high-absorber 30.4136 f
9.2701 m
diameter Absorber 1.8947 m
 ble gas rate (kmol / h)
gas rate (kmol / h)
bent flow rate (kmol / h)
ow rate (kmol / h)
le ratio of solute in the gas phase
mole fraction in the gas phase
le ratio of solute in the liquid phase
ute fraction in the liquid phase
1: below the tower

........ ...( 5)
yi.BMi

2.4896
22.6295
3.3584
0.0350
28.5124

Zc ω
0.2880 0.022
0.2920 0.040
0.2500 0.585
0.2330 0.849
0.2770 0.252
1.3400 1.748

Bo B1
-0.0013 0.1365
0.0221 0.1379
-0.0247 0.1342
-0.3116 -0.0053

Bo B1
-0.0013 0.1365
0.0221 0.1379
-0.0247 0.1342
-0.3524 -0.0477
-0.3116 -0.0053
 yi.BMi

2.4896
22.6295
3.3584
0.0350
28.5124

psia
lb / lbmol
psia f3 / lbmol oR

423 K

ρL Kg / hr
0.8385183425 1761.8375
0.8931014685 420.4867
1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052
 423 K

LOQ μ μ
-0.7384735465 0.1826107976
-1.2726965276 0.0533707705
-0.521390033 0.3010301306

Yi.Bmi
0.9955242499
25.6869630282
1.3756893623
0.1520315068
0.0397287558
28.249936903

423 K
ρL Kg / hr
0.8385183425 1761.8375
0.8931014685 420.4867
1.066672386 3271.981
5454.3052

423 K

LOQ μ μ
-0.7384735465 0.1826107976
-1.2726965276 0.0533707705
-0.521390033 0.3010301306

0.6192398333 kg / s
0.0007384929 m3 / s

7.0436675 kg / s
0.8714321944 m3 / s

mm Treybal, Tab 6.3-6.5

 7.0436675 kg / s
1.5150848 kg / s

155

N / m2 Treybal, fig. 6:34

0.2197446725 kg / m2.s
0.0122080374 kmol / m2.s
0.0011341638 kmol / f2.s
0.0001405214 m2 / s

2.4995 kg / m2.dtk
0.0877 kmol / m2.dtk
0.0081442999 kmol / f2.dtk
or Chem.Eng, 102

Tabel 9.19B, Ludwig

2.490889E+02 Pa
 tc pc Tr pr w
NO2 431.35 101.33 0.9806421699 0.098687457 0.849
HNO3 520 68.9 0.8134615385 0.145137881 0.714

Tr pr
2.7364 0.2009
3.3545 0.2985
2.3480 0.1562
0.9805 0.1000
1.0428 0.0898
10.4623 0.8456

B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0778
0.0277 1.0025 0.8102
0.0538 1.0036 0.1123
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0020
0.7958 1.0023

B Pc / R Tc Zi Yi. Zi
0.0017 1.0001 0.0311
0.0277 1.0025 0.9197
0.0538 1.0036 0.0460
-0.3929 0.9599 0.0032
-0.3130 0.9730 0.0023
0.9878 1.0022
BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083
 Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964
 BM Kmol / h Xi ρL.Xi
18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.5163284172
46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.0513588572
63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.3485149338
158.9571 1 0.9162022083

Kg / hr BM Kmol / h Xi μ.Xi
1761.8375 18 97.8799 0.6157628176 0.112444939
420.4867 46 9.1410 0.0575061838 0.003069149
3271.981 63 51.9362 0.3267309985 0.098355875
5454.3052 158.9571 1 0.213869964

52.347001055 lb / f3

1.3639643906 lb / s

0.5045967919 lb / f3

15.514686123 lb / s

al, Tab 6.3-6.5

 3.197825045 lb / s
0.6878484891 lb / s

5.2099380579 lb / f2.s
B₀ B₁ B Pc / R Tc Z₁
-0.3524071404 -0.047717092 -0.39291895 0.9604583882
-0.5041826478 -0.27036711 -0.69722476 0.8756010947
Component A B C μ, micropoise Yi μ.Yi
O₂ 44.224 0.562 -0.000113 261.731023 0.0778 20.36289
N₂ 42.606 0.475 -0.0000988 225.8528148 0.8082 182.533
NO 39.921 0.537 -0.000124 244.884804 0.1119 27.41379
NH₃ -7.874 0.367 -0.00000447 146.56718737 0.0021 0.301755
Total 879.03582917 1.0000 230.6115

So g = 230.6114831 μp
2.306115E-05 kg / ms
 T= 150 C = 423 K
P= 10 ATM

the conductivity of the feed gas

kgas = A + BT + CT ^ 2
component A B C k, W / mK Yi Yi.k
O₂ 0.00121 0.000086157 -1.334E-08 0.035267 0.0778 0.002744
N₂ 0.00309 0.00007593 -1.1014E-08 0.033238 0.8082 0.026863
NO 0.00176 0.000082369 -1.2527E-08 0.034361 0.1119 0.003847
NH₃ 0.00457 0.000023239 1.481E-07 0.040899 0.0021 8.42E-05
Total 0.143765 1.0000 0.033537

Component A B C D E Cp, J / mol.K Yi

O2 29.526 -0.0088999 0.000038083 -3.263E-08 8.8607E-12 30.38959 0.0778
N2 29.342 -0.0035395 0.000010076 -4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13 29.32965 0.8082
NO 33.227 -0.023626 0.000053156 -3.786E-08 9.1197E-12 30.17097 0.1119
NH3 33.573 -0.012581 0.000088906 -7.178E-08 1.8569E-11 39.32056 0.0021
Total 129.2108 1.0000
 Yi.Cp
2.364335
23.70407
3.377509
0.080954
29.52687