Notes Prem tod L-8 for weak and (HA) chee pla > 0 use so equations Ae ind CT at (tea) Ci) Aeid dissociation — constant Ke = [Htdtay tHal (ii) Mess balanu : (dal + Ta] = Cy Combine as follows, + ve-write eam (it) as Tea] = (tl fav] Ke and substitute into ‘mass balan , i.e, ey Gi) (aes Soy Tel Cra kK twa (149 ahs Gy where Cy = given constant > total acid comen, Ka = quen emstant = acid dispocuabin on . Tad = om (ca —® D have worden [K] as a finctim fi pH! Charge bolance equation Pov oF Ho Ac i DEW Ted = ford + tre] Also fem Ke = [u*Ifon7 Dfowl= Ko/tury — — aia) Substitute for [Ac] from @ and OH from cil) Hy: K fu a rag fsthe cbtained 2 cubic equation in [H*) | To avoid cubic em, male samp lify assumption Ex FM Hac Sdn oth pla = 4g > start__ith assumption thet pH < pla paar Aa ° pH 4 > mass balan Sdommnant species of ple pla ic Hae because can be sumblified Hac] >> The] vrew mast balan THacl + [al = Cy 0 “ fHde] © Cy = Py We can never assi Tacl=o Ww equelibyium ep. Kee feta ac] THAeT se (ae]= ke [Hac] = Kar fa Cyt] gw now sub stitute “into charge balana Tut] = for] + [acl a rrt—C tw" TH" w= iw + 164 Co) 2 itt pe fatd = wees ete chee: Is phe ple? pH = 3.85 <4. VM Assumption ox !PRL G42 Nao imagine you have 10> HW NeAe Ceodiim actate) th DTW (deionined water) Species: HY, OW, Net, AC 8 HA 3 5 species» 50 we med 5 equaiins Q) Ko = TatatorT G) Ke = THWACT / Tae] NeAc ——5 Ne + Ach qt (it) mass balane do Insts ee \o (We) mass baleen for acd: “Gaz oy (W) charge balance / ENC ; tH + (Neh T = fou + fac Notice that INC T= Cry = CHACL + fac > ib mokes sense to write Tw] = CHacl + acd Now substitute in ENC 4 Tet s Twacl + te = Tow + rac4 2 nauo 2 bobance * Twed + THAc] = Cond Now check the ‘probem conditim (PC); he to rhe a 2 are L Ae ~ Tine Pe: Species > PRL) = = (opeces < PRL) We) te lAce =. fons exactly Samo ao ENC!“/ To sole Sor equilibrium phy use enc /PC: Tee] + [HAc] = for] > Sart with assumption __that_ pl < pla, he pH 4.7 = [HaAcl >> [acl] so mate balance eqn (iv) becomes THA 1 = Cry [Wt] + Cy = ke fwd fw] + Cy fH] = Ky = ¢ tH) = = Gy tare dhe 2 Lr 2 twis ¢! > phasF Thus cawnet be ponible because even 13M He (strong acd) ques poe 3 Go how can Nehe yield such ao lao pl D Chonge asSumptio | > astume pH > 4.7 > TAcl = Cr Tuned = 2 using Ma = raed a THAcT = [tin bane] Ke Neo substitute inte ENC/ FC pes teers 5 [hs Ke tH*] +> 3 : =i Catt (1 + 5 = 10 Silevevigh a } pleTas opeSulfuric Acid Hy $04 HaSdy =e oT + HSE pe = Wsoy ee WT + SOP pia = 2 er phe oe * te ° fH iw D> never encounter Hy SO, ! HSo” only dommates ak pH << 2 D SR ie dommant fer ps 2 to 1H! (ahich explains why He Soy is em siduned a strong atid and WE ascume. son erst: ag itself w/o prebemation ik wobvral ation (pH + 5 te to] ) For the week acid: corboric acid ov Hy COy Ki WicO; SS Ht 4 HOoy pla = 63 Heo, 2 Ht + | Cope ple = 0-3 ple ple Err a pu My heve at, thee species HaCO3, HCO ond COS oceury mw pH vange 6 - It 3 ant expect complete deprtenation er COs” fill pl >10.3 !