Chapter 16
 “A Mi. . . “ ( To my Muse) – a pathetic poem
 Brussels – capital Belgium
 Jose Albert – young student from Manila who
accompanied Rizal in Brussels
 Jaceby sisters – (Suzanne & Marie) run the
modest boarding house
 Jose Alejandro – engineering student who
replaced Albert
 wrote La Solidaridad in Brussels
o articles appeared in La Solidaridad
 “A La Defensa” (To LA Defensa) – reply to a
Spanish author Patricio de la Escosura
 “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth For All) –
defense against the Spanish charges that the
native local officials were ignorant and
depraved
 “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo”- exposes
Barrantes’ignorance on the Tagalog theatrical
art
 “Una profanacion” (A Profanation) – a bitter
attack against the friars for denying Christian
burial to Mariano Herbosa, husband of Lucia
who died of cholera
 “Verdades Nueva” (New Truths) – a reply to
Vicente Belloc Sanchez’ w/c assertes that the
granting of reforms in the Philippines would
ruin the “peaceful and maternal rule” of the
friars.
 “Crueldad” (Cruelty) – defense of Blumentritt
from the scurrilous attacks of his enemies
 “Diferencias” (Differences) – reply to biased
article “Old Truths” w/s ridiculed those
Filipinos who asked for reforms
 “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences) – defense
of Antonio Luna against the attack of Pablo
Mir Deas in El Pueblo Soberano
 “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughters) – A
denunciation of Spanish racial prejudice
against the brown Filipinos
 “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude) – reply to
Governor Valeriano Weyler who told to the
people of Calamba that they “should not allow
themselves to be deceived by the vain
promises of their ungrateful sons.”
 Rizal was first to advocate the Filipinization of
its orthography.
 salacot (peasant’s head-gear)
 “Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua
Tagala” (The New Orthography of the Tagalog
Language) – article published in La Solidaridad.
 Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera – auhthor of El
Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala (Sanskrit in the
Tagalog Language)
 “Laong Laan”(Ever Ready)
that lacks the exquisiteness of “To the Flowers
of Heidelberg” and is less polished than “To the
Filipino Youth” but passionate in feeling
 2 things brought cheer to Rizal:
o summertime festival of Belgium –
Carnival style
o Romance w/ Petite Suzzane Jacoby –
Belgian girl; pretty nice of his lanladies
 Nellie Boustead
Chapter 17
 Rizal fought 2 duels: Antonio Luna &
Wenceslao E. Retana – talented Spanish
scholar and press agent of the friars
 Leonor Rivera – married a
British(Englishman) engineer
 M.H. del Pilar – acted as Rizal’s lawyer
 Dr. Dominador Gomez – secretary of the
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
 Minister of Colonies - Señor Fabie
 El Resumen – Madrid newspaper w/c
sympathized w/ the Filipino cause, “To cover
the ears, open the purse, and fold the arms”-
Spanish colonial policy
 Queen Regent Maria Cristina – ruler of Spain
during the minority of Alfonso XIII
 Jose Ma. Panganiban – talented co-worker of
Rizal in the Propaganda Movement died in
Barcelona @ 27. (Eulogy for Panganiban)
 La Ecopa – anti-Filipino newspaper in madrid
 Teatro Apolo – where gold watch chain with a
locket containing the picture of Leonor Rivera
lost
 Pablo Rianzares – first proprietor of M.H. Del
Pilar where he purschased La Solidaridad
 election between Rizal & del Pilar for
Responsible took place during the 1st week of
Feb. 1891
 2 hostile camps (Rizalistas & Pilaristas)
 Madrid – one of gayest cities of the world
according to Rizal
Chapter 18
 Biarritz – resort city in French Riviera & where
Rizal finished his second novel El
Filibusterismo
 Eduardo Boustead – father of Adelina and Nellie
(Nelly) living in Villa Eliada
 Nellie (Nelly) – prettier and younger daughter of
Mr. Boustead, protestant
 Father Pablo Pastells – accused Rizal that he is a
protestant
 Jose Ma.Basa (Hongkong) – British colony
where Rizal want to practiced ophthalmology in
order to earn his living
 Propaganda Movement/reform crusade
 Mr. A.L. Lorena – pseudonym of Deodato
Arellano
 May 30,1891 – revision of fili mostly completed
Chapter 19
 Ghent – famous university city in Belgium
 Rizal met 2 compatriots:
o Jose Alejandro – from Pampanga; room-
mate of Rizalin cheap boarding house
o Edilberto Evangelista – from Manila
 both studying engineering in
University of Ghent
 F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS – publisher
found by Rizal to print his Fili
 Valentin Ventura – his friend in Paris who sent
him the necessary funds for the printing of Fili
 Sept. 18, 1891 – El Filibusterismo came off the
press
 Riza sent 2 copies of Fili in Hongkong for Basa
and Sixto Lopez
 Rizal donated the original manuscript and an
autograph printed copy to Valentin Ventura
 La publicidad – where the members of Filipino
Barcelona newspaper published a
tribuneeugolizing the novel’s original style w/c
“is comparable only to the sublime Alexander
Dumas” and “a model and a precious jewel in
the now decadent literature of Spain”
 El Nuevo Regimen – liberal Madrid newspaper
whom serialized the Fili in its issues; consists of
279 pages of long sheets of paper
 El Filibusterismo was dedicated to Gomburza
(Mariano Gomez,73yrs old; Jose Burgos, 35yrs
old; Jacinto Zamora, 37yrs old
 Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public
Libraries, Manila – where the Original
Manuscript of El Filibusterismo is being
preserved
 P10,000 – amount of acquiring the original
manuscript from Valentin Ventura by Philippine
Government
 FOREWORD( found before the dedicatory
page) & WARNING(found on the other side of
the dedication) – features of Fili that do not
appear in the printed book to save printing cost
 the title page of El Fili contains inscription
written by Ferdinand Blumentritt
 El Filibusterismo is a sequel to the Noli. Little
humor, less idealism, less romance than Noli,
more revolutionary, more tragic
 Sypnosis:
 Simoun – hero of Fili who was Crisostomo
Ibarra in Noli; rich jeweler
 Tabo- roundish shaped steamer sailing from
Manila to Laguna de Bay through Pasig
River
 Doña Victorina – ridiculously pro-Spanish
native woman
 Don Tiburcio – husband of Doña Victorina
who deserted her
 Paulita Gomez - Doña Victorina’s niece
 Ben-Zayb – anagram of Ibañez; a Spanish
journalist who write silly articles about the
Filipinos
 Padre Sibyla – Vice-Rector of UST
 Padre Camorra – parish priest of town Tiani
 Don Custodio – pro-Spanish Filipino
holding a high postion in the government
 Padre Salvi – thin Franciscan friar and
former cura of San Diego
 Padre Irene – a kind friar who was a friend
of the Filipino students
 Padre Florentino - a retired scholarly and
Patriotic Ffilipino priest
 Isagani – a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino
and a lover of Paulita
 Basilio – son of Sisa
 Noli and El Fili Compared:
 Noli is a romantic novel, “work of the
heart”, “book of feeling”, has freshness,
color, humor, lightness, and wit
 Fili is a political novel, “work of the
head”, “book of the thought”, contains
bitterness, hatred, pain, violence and
sorrow
 El Fili contains 38 chapters while Noli
has 64
 Noli is superior than Fili
 Unfinished 3rd novel has no title, consists of 44
pages(33cm x 21 cm), preserved in National
Library
 Prince Tagulima – son of Sultan Zaide
of Ternate
 Malapad-na-Bato – A big rock on the
bank of the Pasig River
 Kamandagan – hero of the 3rd novel;
descendant of Lakandula, last king of
Tondo
  Other unfinished novels:
 Makamisa – novel in agalog, written in a
light sarcastic style and is incomplete
for 2 chapters, consists of 20 pages (34.2
x 22)
 Dapitan – written in ironic Spanish,
consists of 8 pages (23cm x 16cm)
 novel about the life in Pili, town in
Laguna – consists of 147 pages (8’ x
6.5’)
 Novel about Cristobal youthful Filipino
student who has returned from Europe,
consists of 34 pages
o Amelia – his sweetheart
o Capitan Ramon – father of Cristobal
Chapter 20
 Rizal left Europe for Hongkong
 Melbourne – steamer bound for
Hongkong
 Manuel Camus – a compatriot living in
Singapore
 Father Fuchs – a Tylorese whom he
played with chess; a Father Damaso w/o
pride and malice
 Jose Ma. BAsa – welcomed Rizal in
Hongkong
 Rizal opened his clinic
 sad news of “deporting of twenty-five
persons from Calamba” including his
family
 Queen Victoria of England – whom
Hidalgo will write if the Queen of Spain
will not listen in appealing for their
protection
 Santa Cruz – capital of Laguna
 Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques – Portuguese
physician who befriended by Rizal and
admirer of him, helped him to build up a
wide clientele
 Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin – sent Rizal a
congratulatory letter and a book on
Diagnostic Pathology by Dr. H. Virchow
and Traite Diagnostique by Mesnichock
 Don Antonio Vergel de Dios – offered
him his services for the purchase of
medical books and instruments
 establishment of Filipino North
Borneo(Sabah)
 Menon – ship on board to Sandakan
 Bengkoka River in Maradu Bay –
offered by the British North Borneo
Company
 Manuel T. Hidalgo – brave Batangueño,
who objected to the colonization project.
 Weyler – Cubans odiously called “The
Butcher”
 Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol – Count of
Caspe who announced to the Filipino
people a fine program of government
 Writings in Hongkong
o “ Ang Mga Karapatan NAng
Tao” (The Rights of Man) –
proclaimed by the French
Revolution
o “A la Nacion Española” (To the
Spanish Nation) – appealto
Spain to right the wrongs done
to Calamba tenants
o “Sa mga Kababayan” (To my
Countrymen) – explaining the
Calamba agrarian situation
o The Hong Kong Telegraph –
British daily newspaper
o Mr. Frazier Smith – editor of
The Hong Kong Telegraph
o “Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol”
(A Visit to Victoria Gaol) – a
account of Rizal’s visit to the
colonial prison of Hong Kong,
contrasted the cruel Spanish
prison system w/ the modern
and more humane British prison
system
o “Colonisation du British North
Borneo, par de Familles de Iles
Philippines” (Colonization of
British North by Families from
the Philippine Islands) – wrote
to elucidate his pet Borneo
colonization project
o “La Mano Roja” (The Red
Hand) – denounces the frequent
outbreaks of intentional fires in
Manila
o Constitution of the Liga Filipina
– printed in Hong Kong
(LONDON PRINTING PRESS)
o Liga Filipina (Philippine
League) – an association of
patriotic Filipinos for civic
purposes
o Jose Ma. Basa – originally
conceived the Liga Filipina but
Rizal wrote the constitution
 o Domingo Franco- friend of  Defense against all violence and
Rizal in Manila where he sent injustice
the printed copies of Liga  Encouragement of education,
constitution agriculture, and commerce
o Dr. Marques – where he gave
 Study and application of reforms
his last Hong Kong Lettters for
safekeeping.  Provincial council – province
o Luis de la Torre – secretary of  Popular Council – town
Despujol  entrance fee – 2 pesos & monthly due – 10
cents
 Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – satire against
the rich Dominican friars; printed bt the
Chapter 21 Imprenta de los Amigos del PAis, Manila
 Fr. Jacinto – author of Pobres Frailes
 “The battle field is in the Philipines”  Ramon Despujol – nephew of Gov. gen.
 biblical Daniel – bearding the Spanish lion in Despujol who arrested Rizal and escorted to
its own den Fort Santiago
 Arrival of Rizal w/ Lucia  Nilad – first Filipino Masonic Lodge
 meticulous diarist (description of 2nd  Supreme council – governing body
homecoming)  Gaceta de Manila – published the story of
 Gen. Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Caspe – Rizal’s arrest
Spanish gov. gen.  Cebu – steamer sailing for Dapitan
 visiting friends in Central Luzon  Cpt. Delgras – cpt. of steamer Cebu
o Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac,
 Cpt. Ricardo Carnicero – Spanish
Bacolor and Pampanga commandant of Dapitan
 Doroteo Ongjungco – Chinese-Filipino
mestizo ; where the meeting was conducted,
Ylaya Street,Tondo, Manila
 Liga Filipina – civic league of Filipinos
 “Unus Instar Omnium” (One like All) –
motto of Liga
o Ambrosio Salvador – president
o Deodato Arellano – secretary
o Bonifacio Arevalo – (Harem)
treasurer
o Agustin de la Rosa – fiscal
o Apolinario Mabini –Katabay
o Andres Bonifacio – warehouse
employee
o Pedro Serrano Laktaw – Panday
Pira
o Domingo Franco – Felipe Leal
o Jose Ramos – Socorro
o Moises Salvador – Araw
o Faustino Villaruel – Ilaw
o Numeriano Adriano – Ipil
 Constitution of Liga Filipina
 to unite the whole archipelago into
one compact and homogenous body
 Mutual protection in every want
and necessity