NOMSSA 2013 Report Final

Release date October 2019
National Occupational Mortality Surveillance South Africa 2013
Data Brief
National Institute for Occupational Health South Africa

Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit
January 2020
www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg

NIOH │Data Brief │2013 Mortality│ Occupation
Table of contents
Key Findings 2013 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

A. Communicable diseases .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1. HIV/AIDS ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Tuberculosis .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) ................................................................................................................ 7
4. Intestinal Infectious Disease ................................................................................................................................. 8
B. Non-communicable diseases.................................................................................................................................. 9
1. Cerebrovascular diseases ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) ............................................................................................................................. 10
3. Diabetes .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
4. Hypertensive diseases......................................................................................................................................... 12
5. Chronic lower respiratory disease ...................................................................................................................... 13
C. Unnatural causes of death .................................................................................................................................... 14
1. Unnatural causes of death due to transport and vehicles .................................................................................. 14
2. Unnatural causes of death due to mechanical forces (e.g. sharp objects and firearms) ................................... 15
3. Unnatural causes of death due to threats to breathing ..................................................................................... 16
4. Unnatural causes of death due to Exposure to Unspecified Factors ...................................................................... 17
D. Ill-defined ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2

Mortality by Occupation for 2013
Simangele Ndlovu, Tahira Kootbodien, Kerry Wilson, Lusanda Mazibuko, Felix Made, Nisha Naicker
Key Findings 2013

Data from Statistics South Africa, Vital Statistics
 Those unemployed and in unknown or unspecified occupations constituted 75% of all deaths in 2013.
 Excess mortality for infectious disease is concentrated mainly in low skilled / low socioeconomic
occupations.
 Chronic disease has a clear occupational relationship and sex difference.
 Unnatural causes are concentrated mainly in the employed with distinct sex differences across specific
occupations.
 Ill-defined causes of death are highest among elementary workers and those whom occupations are not
specified.
 Further breakdown of occupational groups is necessary to investigate these findings.
What is NOMS-SA?
National Occupational Mortality Surveillance South Africa (NOMS-SA) is a nation-wide, evidence-based
surveillance system that measures primary and common risks associated with specific occupations and
industries using mortality data from Statistics South Africa.
Why do we need mortality surveillance?

NOMS-SA describes the relationship between work and wellbeing in order to inform policy development to
improve worker safety and health. It can provide information for workplaces and educational activities.
Surveillance of occupational mortality can enable research and prevention strategies.
What data is used?

NOMS-SA uses mortality data with occupation information from Statistics South Africa, which is a South African
national statistical entity, who is responsible for recording vital events on an annual basis. The data brief
includes only the working population (aged 15+).
Which causes of death are in the data brief?

The underlying cause of death coding that was used here was provided by the South African National Burden of
Disease Study (NBD). The NBD study developed their list to reflect local cause of-death patterns. This list
provides the groups of ICD-10 codes, resulting in reasonable cause of deaths. Ill-defined causes of death were
included in this data brief, as these account for a large proportion of deaths in South Africa.
This data brief summarizes the causes into 4 groups: communicable, non-communicable, unnatural and ill-
defined.
How do we group occupations?

Occupation was coded by Stats SA based on the SASCO 2012. Where occupation was unspecified or not
economically active it was included in the brief to account for the high unemployment rate of the working
population in South Africa. Occupational categories include: Managers; Professionals; Technicians and associate
professionals; Clerical support workers; Service and sales workers and armed forces; Skilled agricultural and
fishery workers; Plant and machine operators and assemblers; Elementary occupations; and Unspecified
occupations.
. www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 3

What is proportional mortality?
Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) are a simple and potentially useful way of portraying the burden of a specific
disease within a population. PMRs are the ratio of the proportion of observed deaths in a specific occupation over
the proportion of observed deaths in the total data. These were calculated to estimate where excess mortality by
occupation is found. PMRs also provides a way to compare occupations. Confidence intervals that do not include 100
indicate that a PMR is significant.
PMRs for the broad 10 occupational groups are presented in this data brief for the 2013 South African mortality by
the four groups for causes of death: communicable, non-communicable, unnatural and ill-defined. Two graphs
illustrate PMRs for each illness by occupation where unspecified occupation is excluded (A) and included (B) from
the analyses.
(𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠)
A. (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠)
x 100
(𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠)

B. x 100
(𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
The unspecified occupations were included in the analysis to account for the high unemployment rate of the working
population in South Africa. Although it is unclear whether all persons included in this group are actually unemployed,
we do however recognize that there may be socioeconomic and behavioural factors similar to those of clearly
specified groups adversely affecting their health status as well.
The diagram below shows the four groups for 14 causes of deaths with the respective illnesses covered in this data
brief report.
What are the limitations of calculating PMRs?
 PMRs can only be calculated where data on occupation or industry are available; it is not a reflection of
length of employment.
 A statistically significantly elevated PMR cannot be interpreted directly as a causal relationship between the
occupation and the cause of death.
 A lack of significantly increased PMRs may represent the selection of healthy workers for particular
occupations and/or improved socioeconomic circumstances of selected workers than the general
population.

A. Communicable diseases
1. HIV/AIDS
 A
Service workers and armed forces personnel, plant and machine operators and elementary workers,
irrespective of sex, were more likely to die of HIV/AIDS than all workers. In addition, female skilled
agricultural workers showed significantly increased proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for HIV/ AIDS.
 B
The relationship did not change when unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals were included in
the analyses.
A.
Men Women
200
Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR)
165
150 136 138

118 124 119
112
99
100 90
70 68 70 74
58 57 62
50 39
31
0
Managers Professionals Technicians Clerks Service and Skilled Craft workers Plant and Elementary
armed forces agricultural machine workers
B. workers operators
Men Women
200
171
141 143
150 128
135 129
116
107
97 98 100
100 76 77
70 67 72
60 59
42
50 34
0
Managers Professionals Technicians Clerks Service and Skilled Craft workers Plant and Elementary Unspecified
armed forces agricultural machine workers occupations
workers operators
Figure 1. Proportional mortality ratios for HIV/AIDS by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified occupations
and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: HIV/AIDS include HIV disease (B20-B24),
other viral illnesses (B33), cryptococcosis (B45), Pneumocystosis (B59), Kaposi’s sarcoma (C46), other immunodeficiencies (D84); Access data
table for figure 1 at Appendix table 1.
/ Significant

2. Tuberculosis
 A
Male and female plant and machine operators and elementary workers had raised proportional mortality for
TB compared to all workers. In addition, women service workers and armed forces personnel had
significantly increased PMRs for tuberculosis.
 B
The relationship did not change when unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals were included in
the analyses.
A.
Men Women
150 140
128 126
122 118
103
97
100 89 92
83
66 65
58 58 58
51
46
50
32
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
200
148
150 136
125
113 117
97 102 99
90 95
100 88
83
68
62 61 62
54 54
43
50 30
0
workers operators
Figure 2. Proportional mortality ratios for tuberculosis by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified occupations
and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Tuberculosis includes tuberculosis (A15-
A19), Sequelae of tuberculosis (B90), Drug resistant tuberculosis (U51-U52), pleural effusion (J90) and other pleural conditions (J94).
Access data table for figure 2 at Appendix table 2.
Significant

3. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
 A
Male skilled agricultural workers and elementary workers had increased excess mortality for lower
respiratory tract infections compared to all workers.
 B
Men who were not economically active or did not specify an occupation had increased excess mortality for
lower respiratory tract infections compared to the general population.
A.
Men Women
150
134
121
115 113
102 104 105
94 97 94 94
100 91
79 82
72 74 71
68
50
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
150
116
100 102 103 102
96
100 88 88 91
79 80 82 81 80
67 71
62 63 61
58
50
0
workers operators
Figure 3. Proportional mortality ratios for lower respiratory tract infection (J09-J18, J20-J22 and J86), by sex and occupation group: South Africa
2013; (A) Without unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals;
Notes: LTRI includes influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18), other acute lower respiratory tract infections (J20-J22) and pyothorax (J86); Access
data table for figure 3 at Appendix table 3.
– Significant

4. Intestinal Infectious Disease
 A
Male plant and machine operators and elementary workers of both sexes had significant raised PMRs for
intestinal infectious diseases compared to all workers.
 B
Compared to the general population, men who were not economically active or did not specify an
occupation had increased excess mortality for intestinal infectious diseases.
A.
Men Women
150
139
127
119 121
114
98 99
100
74 76 76
68
63 63 62
59
52
48
50 37
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
150
116
103 101 104 102
92 96
100
79 82
62 61 64
54 51 53 51
50
50 44
38
30
0
workers operators
Figure 4.Proportional mortality ratios for intestinal infectious diseases, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without
unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Access data table for
figure 4 at Appendix table 4.
– Significant

B. Non-communicable diseases
1. Cerebrovascular diseases
 A
Male and female elementary workers as well as male skilled agricultural workers had significantly raised
proportional mortality ratios for cerebrovascular diseases compared to the working population.
 B
Male managers, professionals, technicians, service workers and armed forces personnel and plant and
machine operators had significantly raised proportional mortality ratios for cerebrovascular diseases.
A. Men Women
150
129
124 120
111 114
106 103 107
98
100 84 86 84
89
72 76 75 73 74
50
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
250
213
200
165
145
150 132 135 136
124
101 106
98 94 93
100 78
57 51
41 47
40
50 29
17
0
workers operators
Figure 5 Proportional mortality ratios for cerebrovascular diseases, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified
occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Cerebrovascular diseases
include cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) and hemiplegia (G81); Access data table for figure 5 at Appendix table 5.
– Significant

2. Ischemic heart diseases (IHD)
 A
In men and women; managers, professionals,technicians, clerks, and craft workers showed significantly
increased PMRs for IHD compared to the working population. Male managers and female technicians
accounted for the highest PMRs.
 B
In addition to the occupations groups above, male skilled agricultural workers and female elementary
workers had significantly high PMRs.
A.
Men Women
250
225
213
200
200 183
149 155
143 140
150
118 114 119
104
100 80 85 80
73
58
45
50
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
400
347
350 331
309
300 282
232 239
250 222 218
184 183
200 176
162
150 123 133 124
112
91 88 93
100 70
50
0
workers operators
Figure 6 Proportional mortality ratios for ischemic heart disease (I20-I25), by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without
unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: IHD include
angina pectoris (I20), acute myocardial infarction (I21-I24) and chronic ischemic heart disease (I25).
– Significant

3. Diabetes
 A
Male managers, professionals and clerks had raised proportional mortality ratios for diabetes, with the
highest PMR in clerks. In women, craft workers and elementary workers had increased PMRs, with craft
workers accounting for the highest PMR compared to working population.
 B
In addition to the occupations noted above in A, male plant and machine operators had raised PMRs for
diabetes compared to the general population.
A. Men Women
250
190 191
200
162
142
150
122
106 107 112
99 98 101
86 92
100 81
66 69 66
50
50
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
250
209
200 188
178
156
150 134
116 118
111 111
98 97 91 98 100
100 85 80 76
65 72
49
50
0
workers operators
Figure 7. Proportional mortality ratios for diabetes by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified occupations and
unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Diabetes (E10-E14); Access data table for
figure 7 at Appendix table 7.
– Significant

4. Hypertensive diseases
 A
Lower PMRs were observed for hypertensive diseases in men across all occupations. Women working as
professionals, skilled agricultural workers, craft workers, and elementary workers had increased PMRs
compared to the working population.
 B
Female elementary workers and men who did not specify their occupations or were not economically active
had significantly increased proportionate mortality for hypertensive diseases compared to the general
population.
A.
Men Women
250
194
200 177
150
150
118
100 86
77 83
76 77 83 85
71 74
60 55
49 47 53
50
0
workers operators
B. Men Women
150
132
120
105 102 104 102 100
92 95
100 87 90
80
73
64
59 56 56
53
50 38
32
0
workers operators
Figure 8. Proportional mortality ratios for hypertensive diseases, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified
occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Hypertensive diseases
include: Essential or primary hypertension (I10) hypertensive heart or renal disease (I11-I13); Access data table for figure 8 at Appendix table 8.
– Significant

5. Chronic lower respiratory disease
 A
In men, skilled agricultural workers, craft workers and plant and machine operators had significantly raised
proportional mortality ratios for chronic lower respiratory diseases compared to the working population. In
women, clerks and craft workers had increased PMRs.
 B
In women, there was a significant increased PMR in managers, clerks, and elementary workers compared to
general population. In men for whom occupation was not specified and elementary workers had significant
increased PMR for chronic lower respiratory disease compared to the general population.
A. Men Women
200
142 145 145

150
131
118 121
116
101
96 94
100 90 86 82
75 76
69
62
50
13
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
200
166 169
152
150 138 138
127
112 117
112 108
94 96 99 98
100 91 87 88
72
65
50
15
0
workers operators
Figure 9. Proportional mortality ratios for chronic lower respiratory disease, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without
unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Chronic lower
respiratory disease includes bronchitis (J40-J42), emphysema (J43-J44), asthma (J45-J46) and bronchiectasis (J47). Access data table for figure 9
at Appendix table 9.
– Significant

C. Unnatural causes of death
1. Unnatural causes of death due to transport and vehicles
 A
Female managers and professionals as well as male service workers and armed forces personnel showed
increased PMRs for deaths caused by transport and vehicles, compared to all workers.
 B
Male and female managers, professionals, technicians, clerks, service workers, skilled agricultural workers and
armed forces personnel, plant and machine operators and elementary workers had significantly increased PMR
compared to the general population. Male craft workers had an increased PMR as well.
A.
Men Women
Proportional mortality ratio (PMR)
332
350
300
250 196
200 149 157
150 122 123 124
101 99 106 107 94 94 82 71 72 74
100
50 13
0
workers operators
B.
Men Women
700
Proportional Mortality Ratio
587
600
500
400 347
263 281
300 220 219
(PMR)
190 189 216

180 176 168 166
200 146 126 129 131
83 91
100 24
0
workers operators
Figure 10.Proportional mortality ratios for transport and vehicle- related deaths, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without
unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes Transport and
vehicle deaths include: (V01-V99) including pedestrians (V01-V09), car occupants (V40-V49) and unspecified vehicle accidents (V87-V89). Access
data table for figure 10 at Appendix table 10.
– Significant

2. Unnatural causes of death due to mechanical forces (e.g. sharp objects and firearms)
 A
Female managers had higher PMRs for unnatural causes of death due to mechanical forces compared to all
workers. Male service workers and armed forces personnel had higher PMRs.
 B
Compared to the general population, male service workers and armed forces personnel had higher PMRs and
female managers, professionals, technicians, clerks and service workers and armed forces personnel had higher
PMRs for unnatural causes of death due to mechanical forces.
A. Men Women
250
218
197
200
142 143 145

150 129
123
104
93 91
100 81 78 74
82
73 72
58 60
50
0
workers operators
.
B. Men Women
400
358
350
300
234 236 238
250 212
202 195
200
151
150 119
98 103 100 92
93
100 80 78 73 74 82
58
50
0
workers operators
Figure 11. Proportional mortality ratios for mechanical forces, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified
occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Mechanical forces deaths
(W24-34, W45-46 and X93-95, X99 Y00) including assault (X93-95, X99, Y00), contact with sharp objects (W25-27, W29) and firearms (W32-
34). Access data table for figure 11 at Appendix table 11.
– Significant

3. Unnatural causes of death due to threats to breathing
 A
Male service workers and armed forces personnel and female professionals had higher PMRs for deaths due
to threats to breathing than all workers.
 B
Female professionals and technicians and male service workers and armed forces personnel had higher
PMRs for deaths due to threats to breathing.
A. Men Women
200 186 186
177
169
150 133
129 126
117
104
97
100 81
87
81
77 78
60 64
50 32
0
B. workers operators
250
Men Women
206 206
196
200 188
150 139
123 127
108 112
99 101 99
100 83 87
77 73 77 71
57
50 36
0
workers operators
occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Threats to breathing deaths
include: (W75-84, Y20 and X91) including accidental hanging and strangulation (W75-76), threats to breathing undetermined intent (Y20) and
assault by hanging or strangulation (X91).
– Significant

4. Unnatural causes of death due to Exposure to Unspecified Factors
 A
Female managers, professionals, clerks, service and armed forces had high PMRs for deaths due to exposure to
unspecified factors compared to all workers. Male service and armed workers and elementary workers had high
PMRs as well.
 B
Male and female managers, professionals, technicians, clerks, service and armed forces, plant and machine
operators had significantly raised PMRs due to deaths caused by exposure to unspecified factors. In addition,
male craft workers and male elementary workers had raised PMRs.
A.
Men Women
300
266
250
200
150
150 134 130 131 135
122
115 111 110
102 96 101 95
100 85
76
67
59
50
0
workers operators
B. Men Women
450 408
400
350
300
229
250 206 199 201 207
200 157 153 140
167
147 151
139 130
150 116 117 103 92 93
81
100
50
0
workers operators
occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Exposure to unspecified
factors deaths include: (X58-X59); Access data table for figure 13 at Appendix table 13.
– Significant

D. Ill-defined
1. Ill-defined (natural)
 A
Male and female elementary workers as well as male skilled agricultural workers had higher PMRs for ill-
defined illness compared to all workers.
 B
Those who did not have an occupation specified had higher PMRs for ill-defined illness compared to the
general population.
Figure 14. Proportional mortality ratios for ill-defined causes of death, by sex and occupation group: South Africa, 2013. (A) Without unspecified
occupations and unemployed individuals, (B) Including unspecified occupations and unemployed individuals; Notes: Ill-defined causes of death
(R96-R99), including unattended death (R98) and ill-defined and unspecified death (R96, R99); Access data table for figure 14 at Appendix table
14.
– Significant

Appendix
Table 1A. HIV
Occupation n Total PMR 95% LL 95% UL Mean age n Total PMR 95% LL 95% UL Mean age
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 62 1776 31 25 40 43.6 34 491 58 41 81 38.1
Professionals 170 3923 39 34 45 44.4 247 3587 57 51 65 41.3
Technicians 118 1509 70 59 84 42.9 76 934 68 54 85 38
Clerks 66 967 62 48 78 42 149 1781 70 59 82 38.3
Service workers & armed forces 633 4838 118 109 127 40.2 396 2419 136 123 150 36.0
Skilled agricultural workers 283 2850 90 80 101 42.9 97 584 138 113 169 39.8
Craft workers 629 5745 99 91 107 43.4 60 672 74 58 96 42.7
Plant operators 1030 7473 124 117 132 43.3 55 277 165 127 215 39.4
Elementary workers 1500 11399 119 113 125 41.6 1597 11817 112 107 118 42.2
Table 1B. HIV

deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 62 1776 34 27 44 43.6 34 491 60 43 83 38.1
Professionals 170 3923 42 36 49 44.4 247 3587 59 52 67 41.3
Technicians 118 1509 76 64 92 42.9 76 934 70 56 88 38
Clerks 66 967 67 52 85 42 149 1781 72 61 85 38.3
Craft workers 629 5745 107 99 116 43.4 60 672 77 60 99 42.7
Plant operators 1030 7473 135 127 143 43.3 55 277 171 131 223 39.4
Unspecified occupation 18644 185714 98 97 100 45.5 21235 183721 100 98 101 44.4

Table 2A. Tuberculosis
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 58 1776 32 25 41 48.4 22 491 51 34 78 39.4
Professionals 186 3923 46 40 54 45.7 184 3587 58 51 68 47.5
Technicians 101 1509 66 54 80 45.2 53 934 65 49 85 44.1
Clerks 57 967 58 45 75 47.1 91 1781 58 47 72 38.2
Skilled agricultural workers 258 2850 89 79 100 49 47 584 92 69 122 44.5
Craft workers 601 5745 103 95 111 45.5 49 672 83 63 110 42
Plant operators 927 7473 122 114 130 48.2 34 277 140 100 196 40.4
Table 2B. Tuberculosis

Occupation n Total PMR 95% LL 95% UL Mean age n Total PMR 95% LL 95% UL Mean
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 58 1776 30 23 39 48.4 22 491 54 36 82 39.4
Professionals 186 3923 43 37 50 45.7 184 3587 62 54 71 47.5
Technicians 101 1509 61 50 74 45.2 53 934 68 52 90 44.1
Clerks 57 967 54 41 70 47.1 91 1781 62 50 76 38.2
Skilled agricultural workers 258 2850 83 73 93 49 47 584 97 73 129 44.5
Craft workers 601 5745 95 88 103 45.5 49 672 88 66 116 42
Plant operators 927 7473 113 106 121 48.2 34 277 148 106 207 40.4

Table 3A. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 60 1776 68 53 88 65.7 18 491 72 45 114 57.1
Professionals 144 3923 74 63 88 70.2 167 3587 91 78 106 58.6
Technicians 59 1509 79 61 102 54.8 34 934 71 51 99 58.1
Clerks 45 967 94 70 126 53.1 75 1781 82 66 103 56.9
Service workers & armed forces 232 4838 97 85 110 52 143 2419 115 98 136 50.5
Craft workers 268 5745 94 84 106 57.6 35 672 102 73 142 47
Plant operators 385 7473 104 94 115 52.6 19 277 134 85 210 42.4
Table 3B. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 60 1776 58 45 75 65.7 18 491 62 39 98 57.1
Professionals 144 3923 63 54 74 70.2 167 3587 79 68 91 58.6
Technicians 59 1509 67 52 87 54.8 34 934 61 44 86 58.1
Clerks 45 967 80 60 107 53.1 75 1781 71 57 89 56.9
Service workers & armed forces 232 4838 82 72 94 52 143 2419 100 85 118 50.5
Craft workers 268 5745 80 71 90 57.6 35 672 88 63 122 47
Plant operators 385 7473 88 80 98 52.6 19 277 116 74 182 42.4
Unspecified occupation 11181 185714 103 101 105 59 11065 183721 102 100 104 57.6

Table 4A Intestinal infectious diseases
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 20 1776 68 44 105 109.1 6 491 52 23 116 58
Professionals 41 3923 63 46 85 54 53 3587 63 48 82 57.8
Technicians 12 1509 48 27 84 56.8 13 934 59 34 102 58.3
Clerks 6 967 37 17 83 48.8 31 1781 74 52 106 61.6
Craft workers 73 5745 76 61 96 47.4 12 672 76 43 134 46
Plant operators 148 7473 119 101 140 50.3 4 277 62 23 164 39
Table 4B Intestinal infectious diseases
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 20 1776 54 35 84 109.1 6 491 44 20 97 58
Professionals 41 3923 51 37 69 54 53 3587 53 40 69 57.8
Technicians 12 1509 38 22 68 56.8 13 934 50 29 85 58.3
Clerks 6 967 30 13 67 48.8 31 1781 62 44 88 61.6
Craft workers 73 5745 61 49 77 47.4 12 672 64 36 112 46
Plant operators 148 7473 96 81 112 50.3 4 277 51 19 137 39

Table 5A Cerebrovascular diseases
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 61 1776 84 65 108 68.4 33 491 106 75 149 63.9
Professionals 166 3923 103 89 120 67.4 197 3587 86 75 99 68.7
Technicians 52 1509 84 64 111 65.9 43 934 72 54 98 71.8
Clerks 49 967 124 94 164 63.2 86 1781 76 61 94 70.1
Craft workers 251 5745 107 94 121 62.4 42 672 98 73 133 67.1
Plant operators 271 7473 89 79 100 62.8 13 277 74 43 127 64.3
Table 5B Cerebrovascular diseases

deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 123 1776 145 122 173 68.4 29 491 98 68 141 63.9
Professionals 247 3923 132 117 150 67.4 124 3587 57 48 68 68.7
Technicians 97 1509 135 111 165 65.9 23 934 41 27 61 71.8
Clerks 57 967 124 95 160 63.2 51 1781 47 36 62 70.1
Craft workers 256 5745 94 83 106 62.4 7 672 17 8 36 67.1
Plant operators 589 7473 165 153 179 62.8 13 277 78 45 134 64.3

Table 6A Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 183 1776 225 195 260 62.1 28 491 149 103 216 66.9
Professionals 360 3923 200 181 222 67.4 162 3587 118 101 138 71.1
Technicians 107 1509 155 128 187 63.1 76 934 213 170 267 70.9
Clerks 81 967 183 147 227 66.1 97 1781 143 117 174 72.2
Craft workers 313 5745 119 106 133 64.2 36 672 140 101 194 75.2
Plant operators 249 7473 73 64 82 59.1 11 277 104 58 188 69
Elementary workers 236 11399 45 40 51 61.3 360 11817 80 72 88 66
Table 6B Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 183 1776 347 300 401 62.1 28 491 232 160 336 66.9
Professionals 360 3923 309 279 343 67.4 162 3587 184 157 214 71.1
Technicians 107 1509 239 198 289 63.1 76 934 331 264 414 70.9
Clerks 81 967 282 227 351 66.1 97 1781 222 182 270 72.2
Craft workers 313 5745 183 164 205 64.2 36 672 218 157 302 75.2
Plant operators 249 7473 112 99 127 59.1 11 277 162 89 292 69
Elementary workers 236 11399 70 61 79 61.3 360 11817 124 112 137 66
Table 7A Diabetes
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 127 1776 162 136 193 63.8 28 491 86 59 124 63.9
Professionals 245 3923 142 125 160 65.7 236 3587 99 87 113 63.7
Technicians 81 1509 122 98 151 63.6 50 934 81 61 106 64.9
Clerks 81 967 190 153 236 61.1 59 1781 50 39 64 68.8
Craft workers 255 5745 101 89 114 63.3 85 672 191 154 236 68
Plant operators 354 7473 107 97 119 60.5 17 277 92 58 149 60.5
Elementary workers 330 11399 66 59 73 63 878 11817 112 105 120 66.1
Table 7B Diabetes
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 127 1776 178 150 212 63.8 28 491 85 59 123 63.9
Professionals 245 3923 156 137 176 65.7 236 3587 98 86 111 63.7
Technicians 81 1509 134 108 166 63.6 50 934 80 60 105 64.9
Clerks 81 967 209 168 260 61.1 59 1781 49 38 64 68.8
Craft workers 255 5745 111 98 125 63.3 85 672 188 152 233 68
Plant operators 354 7473 118 106 131 60.5 17 277 91 57 147 60.5
Elementary workers 330 11399 72 65 80 63 878 11817 111 104 118 66.1

Table 8A Hypertensive disease
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 30 1776 49 34 69 65.4 8 491 47 23 94 64.1
Professionals 82 3923 60 48 75 64.8 147 3587 118 100 138 67.8
Technicians 45 1509 86 64 115 65.9 18 934 55 35 88 73.1
Clerks 24 967 71 48 106 66.3 48 1781 77 58 103 71.9
Skilled agricultural workers 75 2850 76 60 95 67.4 36 584 177 128 245 75
Craft workers 155 5745 77 66 91 61.4 35 672 150 107 208 67.4
Plant operators 192 7473 74 64 85 63.2 8 277 83 41 166 59.6
Table 8B Hypertensive diseases
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 30 1776 59 41 85 65.4 8 491 32 16 64 64.1
Professionals 82 3923 73 59 91 64.8 147 3587 80 68 94 67.8
Technicians 45 1509 105 78 140 65.9 18 934 38 24 60 73.1
Clerks 24 967 87 58 130 66.3 48 1781 53 40 70 71.9
Skilled agricultural workers 75 2850 92 74 116 67.4 36 584 120 87 167 75
Craft workers 155 5745 95 81 111 61.4 35 672 102 73 141 67.4
Plant operators 192 7473 90 78 104 63.2 8 277 56 28 113 59.6

Table 9A Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47)
deaths deaths
Men Women
Managers 65 1776 116 91 148 70.8 19 491 142 91 223 67.1
Professionals 111 3923 90 75 108 69.1 94 3587 96 79 118 71.5
Technicians 41 1509 86 63 117 69.1 30 934 118 83 169 72.8
Clerks 21 967 69 45 106 71.7 70 1781 145 114 183 70.5
Craft workers 219 5745 121 106 138 64.3 15 672 82 50 136 66.2
Plant operators 222 7473 94 83 108 64.9 1 277 13 2 94 66
Table 9B Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47)
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 65 1776 112 88 142 70.8 19 491 166 106 260 67.1
Professionals 111 3923 94 78 114 69.1 94 3587 112 92 138 71.5
Technicians 41 1509 91 67 123 69.1 30 934 138 96 197 72.8
Clerks 21 967 72 47 111 71.7 70 1781 169 133 213 70.5
Craft workers 219 5745 127 111 145 64.3 15 672 96 58 159 66.2
Plant operators 222 7473 99 87 113 64.9 1 277 15 2 110 66

Table 10A Transport deaths
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 57 1776 101 78 131 39.8 18 491 332 209 527 38.2
Professionals 123 3923 99 83 118 41.7 59 3587 149 115 192 41.1
Technicians 51 1509 106 81 140 37.9 11 934 107 59 193 40.1
Clerks 29 967 94 65 136 39.1 24 1781 122 82 182 36.7
Service workers & armed forces 190 4838 123 107 142 36.2 25 2419 94 63 139 35
Craft workers 129 5745 71 59 84 37.9 1 672 13 2 96 46
Plant operators 374 7473 157 142 174 40 6 277 196 88 437 35.5
Table 10B Transport deaths
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 57 1776 180 139 234 39.8 18 491 587 370 932 38.2
Professionals 123 3923 176 148 210 41.7 59 3587 263 204 340 41.1
Technicians 51 1509 190 144 250 37.9 11 934 189 104 341 40.1
Clerks 29 967 168 117 242 39.1 24 1781 216 145 322 36.7
Service workers & armed forces 190 4838 220 191 254 36.2 25 2419 166 112 245 35
Craft workers 129 5745 126 106 150 37.9 1 672 24 3 169 46
Plant operators 374 7473 281 254 311 40 6 277 347 156 772 35.5

Table 11A Mechanical forces
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 59 1776 93 72 121 44.2 8 491 218 109 435 39.1
Professionals 113 3923 81 67 97 44.3 33 3587 123 87 173 43.9
Technicians 42 1509 78 58 106 60.8 9 934 129 67 247 35.8
Clerks 20 967 58 38 90 34.2 19 1781 142 91 223 36.3
Craft workers 152 5745 74 63 87 36.4 3 672 60 19 185 40
Plant operators 219 7473 82 72 94 41.1 3 277 145 47 448 356.3
Table 11B Mechanical forces
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 59 1776 93 72 120 44.2 8 491 358 179 716 39.1
Professionals 113 3923 80 67 97 44.3 33 3587 202 144 284 43.9
Technicians 42 1509 78 57 105 60.8 9 934 212 110 407 35.8
Clerks 20 967 58 37 90 34.2 19 1781 234 150 368 36.3
Craft workers 152 5745 74 63 87 36.4 3 672 98 32 304 40
Plant operators 219 7473 82 72 93 41.1 3 277 238 77 738 356.3

Table 12A Threats to breathing

A.
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 22 1776 81 53 123 43.9 4 491 177 66 471 45
Professionals 46 3923 77 58 103 43.2 28 3587 169 117 245 46.3
Technicians 20 1509 87 56 135 34 8 934 186 93 372 60.5
Clerks 19 967 129 82 202 38.6 8 1781 97 49 195 33.7
Craft workers 91 5745 104 84 127 39.1 1 672 32 5 229 55
Plant operators 92 7473 81 66 99 39.4 1 277 78 11 556 35
Table 12B Threats to breathing
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 22 1776 77 51 118 43.9 4 491 196 74 523 45
Professionals 46 3923 73 55 98 43.2 28 3587 188 130 272 46.3
Technicians 20 1509 83 53 128 34 8 934 206 103 413 60.5
Clerks 19 967 123 78 193 38.6 8 1781 108 54 216 33.7
Craft workers 91 5745 99 81 122 39.1 1 672 36 5 255 55
Plant operators 92 7473 77 63 94 39.4 1 277 87 12 618 35

Table 13A Exposure to unspecified factors
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 109 1776 115 95 138 44.9 28 491 266 184 386 38.1
Professionals 178 3923 85 73 98 52.5 103 3587 134 111 163 52.3
Technicians 90 1509 111 91 137 37.6 26 934 130 89 191 50
Clerks 53 967 102 78 134 39.2 57 1781 150 115 194 48.9
Craft workers 311 5745 101 91 113 44.3 11 672 76 42 138 36.4
Plant operators 441 7473 110 100 121 39.4 8 277 135 67 270 46.5
Table 13B Exposure to unspecified factors
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 109 1776 157 130 190 44.9 28 491 408 282 592 38.1
Professionals 178 3923 116 100 135 52.5 103 3587 206 170 249 52.3
Technicians 90 1509 153 124 188 37.6 26 934 199 136 293 50
Clerks 53 967 140 107 184 39.2 57 1781 229 177 297 48.9
Craft workers 311 5745 139 124 155 44.3 11 672 117 65 212 36.4
Plant operators 441 7473 151 138 166 39.4 8 277 207 103 414 46.5

Table 14A Ill-defined (natural) (R99)
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 90 1776 72 59 89 58.2 19 491 49 32 78 57.6
Professionals 219 3923 79 70 91 59.6 219 3587 78 68 89 64.2
Technicians 105 1509 99 82 120 51.7 59 934 81 63 104 58.9
Clerks 56 967 82 63 107 50.3 98 1781 70 58 86 57.3
Craft workers 369 5745 91 83 101 56.2 42 672 80 59 108 61.1
Plant operators 502 7473 96 88 104 56.5 16 277 74 45 120 54.5
Table 14B Ill-defined (natural) (R99)
deaths deaths age
Men Women
Managers 90 1776 45 37 56 58.2 19 491 31 20 48 57.6
Professionals 219 3923 50 44 57 59.6 219 3587 49 43 56 64.2
Technicians 105 1509 62 51 75 51.7 59 934 50 39 65 58.9
Clerks 56 967 52 40 67 50.3 98 1781 44 36 54 57.3
Craft workers 369 5745 57 52 64 56.2 42 672 50 37 68 61.1
Plant operators 502 7473 60 55 65 56.5 16 277 46 28 75 54.5


NOMSSA 2013 Report Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NOMSSA 2013 Report Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Release date October 2019

National Occupational Mortality Surveillance South Africa 2013

National Institute for Occupational Health South Africa

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg

Key Findings 2013 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2

Key Findings 2013

Why do we need mortality surveillance?

What data is used?

Which causes of death are in the data brief?

How do we group occupations?

. www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 3

(𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠)

What are the limitations of calculating PMRs?

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 4

150 136 138

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 5

Access data table for figure 2 at Appendix table 2.

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 6

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 7

4. Intestinal Infectious Disease

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 8

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 9

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 10

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 11

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 12

142 145 145

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 13

1. Unnatural causes of death due to transport and vehicles

190 189 216

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 14

142 143 145

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 15

PMRs for deaths due to threats to breathing.

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 16

4. Unnatural causes of death due to Exposure to Unspecified Factors

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 17

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 18

Table 1B. HIV

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg

Table 2A. Tuberculosis

Table 2B. Tuberculosis

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 20

Table 3A. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Table 3B. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 21

Table 4A Intestinal infectious diseases

Table 4B Intestinal infectious diseases

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 22

Table 5A Cerebrovascular diseases

Table 5B Cerebrovascular diseases

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 23

Table 6A Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

Table 6B Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 25

Table 8A Hypertensive disease

Table 8B Hypertensive diseases

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 26

Table 9A Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47)

Table 9B Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40-J47)

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 27

Table 10B Transport deaths

www.nioh.ac.za | 011 712 6400 | 24 Hospital Street, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 28

Table 11A Mechanical forces