Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the Graduate School
Zamboanga City Polytechnic College
By:
MARRY GLADIES A. FERNANDO
INTRODUCTION
Reading is a habit where students learn, gain knowledge and develop new skills (Olivar,
2014). Understanding the significance of reading and in line with the implementation of the K to
12 Basic Education Program, the Department of Education (DepEd) implemented “Every Child A
Reader Program” (ECARP) through DepEd Memorandum No. 402 s. 2004 and Administrative
Order No. 324. This aims to teach public elementary pupils with planned training in reading and
writing to make them independent young readers and writers. In order to make pupils equipped
with reading skills, an assessment is done to know the reading status of the child. One of the
tools being used in knowing the reading ability of the child is through the use of tool Philippine
The Phil-IRI used as a classroom-based assessment tool aims to measure and describe
the learners’ reading performance in both English and Filipino languages in oral reading, silent
reading and listening comprehension. These three types of assessment aim to determine the
learner’s independent, instructional and frustration levels. The Phil-IRI data shall also serve as
one of the bases in planning, designing/redesigning the reading instruction of the teachers and
the school’s reading programs or activities to improve the overall school’s reading performance.
concern. In the Phil - IRI results last SY 2018 - 2019, it showed that 53% of the pupils are in the
frustration level. Pupil under the frustration reading level tends to withdraw himself to read by
refusing it. This is the level in which the assistance and guidance given to readers appropriate
the nutritional status of the pupils. According to the latest studies presented by the Food and
Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI), results echo a World Health Organization report that over 30
percent of children in the country are malnourished. Malnutrition remains as one of the biggest
problems that constrain school-age children from attending or performing well in school. Thus,
this may result to poor reading performance as well. The distance from home to school may be
considered as another factor. “The lengthy footing of kids to school disorganizes their
concentration in class. Some of them arrive at school sweaty, stressed and exhausted both
physically and psychologically, which compromise their performance, says Charles Mutazihana.
Given the effort of teachers to eradicate non-readers and improving literacy, a lot of
problems, questions, concerns and issues arise and have come up with this study. Hence, this
study will be conducted to determine other factors or antecedents that contribute to the reading
level of the pupils of selected elementary schools of Vitali District. Once these antecedents will
It aims to determine the antecedents of reading level among the Grade 3 pupils in the
1.) What is the Reading level of the selected Grade 3 pupils in the selected schools of
Vitali District?
2.) To what extent do the following factors contribute to reading level of the pupils in
a. Nutritional Status
b. Self-Esteem
c. Distance from home to school
DepEd Officials. The results will provide the DepEd officials knowledge on what
contributes to the reading performance of the pupils since this can serve as basis for the reading
catch-up plan. Hence, the result of this study may serve as a mind-opener that would help them
think of future actions specifically ideas about the future programs or projects to be implemented
regarding school matters that may help boost the performance of the pupils and especially the
Teachers. The given results of this study will give the teachers knowledge on what would
help them solve problems about reading disabilities in the classroom, what contributes to the
performance of the pupils and give them the importance of literacy specifically of reading in the
classroom.
Parents. Like the teachers, the parents too will understand the importance of helping
their child read. The given findings will help them realize what future actions to be done to help
Pupils. The results will provide the pupils knowledge on what will help them achieve best
classroom
performance in school. It will help them realize the importance of reading habits.
Future Researchers. The given data may eventually help the future researchers in doing
This study is focused on determining factors or antecedents that contribute to the reading
Elementary Schools of Vitali District, Zamboanga City, namely: Vitali Central School, Tagpangi
Elementary School, Limaong Elementary School; Bincul Elementary School, Tindalo Elementary