PERSQ·Ns'A-N:D-FA~MILY RELAT-l'ON-S

SA°N BEDA.LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS~- (',1EM°ORY.AID 20.19'

b. The resolution. ot such issue 'deterrnines

whether or not the crirnjna! action may.
proceed (RULES· .OF _COURT, Rule 111,
. . •. . Sec. 7).
· General Rule: If both. crimlnal and civil cases are ' ·
. filed in court, the criminal ~ase- takes precedence. · Note: There. is: no prejudicial question where
. / one case, is admirnstrative and ,the other is· civil
Exceptions: . .. . .. (Te .. v: Court 'o( Appeals, .. G.R. No. 12,6746,
·1.-: Prejudicial Questions .. , •• · Npvembef',29, 2QqO).. :.-. .. ; · " ;
.. Arises where the ' resolution of a_ 'case is'; . . . .c·
. . dependent on the resolution of anissue involved , . : . :4. ..l~d-ependent civil actions ., granted· by .. iaw·
.. · in another case and. assumed. by a different' . . :(cD~~RQ). ·;·. . . . · ,. . ··, ·
· tribunal. -The issue involved in the latter· case· is . a. · , Breach ·of. f onstitutional and other rights
-· the logical ·anteceden.t of the. issue' involved .in . · . -(CI.\IIL_.CODE, Art. -32); '. · ., . , · ..
· · · . the former case., ( Sps. Gaditario v.·
$an Miguel. . . b. · Qefahl.a\ion,. fraud, physical· injurles (CIVIL
• •·• _r· .. ~ Corp., ().R. No,-188767, July 24, 2013), · . , . _CO.QE,-.Art.<)3);",:·: ·.:,. · . · : ;. · .. , , : ·•.
, ,· : ... c. ·Befusai . or.failure:of..city.or,mi:Jnicipal police
The prejudicial question must b~·determ/n_ative ·'·: · . · , to give .. protection (CIVIL CODE, Art, .34);.
• < of the case before the .court, but the jurisdiction .. · and · ··., ·
to try arid- resolve the· question must be lodged -d. ··:Ouasi-delict., or , 'culpa'-~quilian.a {CIVIL .
in another' court or tribunal (Ching v. Court of ... COO.£;, Art. 2117), ·,. . . 1··
. Appeals,, G_.R.)Vo:· 110_~44, f!pril ~7, zoo»: . . ; · · . . -. . ,. . . . . . ,•, , _
· · ·· , Crimlnal · - Prosecution 'Does. Not .Constitute
.•. In case. o"f :prejudi~ial q'uestior:is\ th:e 'crimin_i:!1 Prejudihial : .. Qu_estion .. -, to . '.:Administrative -
cas~ is· suspe-nded. beca4se the issues in. the Proce.ed_ _in,g foi: pi~~ar. . me~t or .~_u?.p:erJ~io11 :of- _a_
civil case ,are determinative o( the- outcome of lb "
th(;) c_ri~imii ta'se .. > ; · ·. ·.:- . : , .. ' ~-. ·. . "A~~~~~al pr0se¢utioii':wJ1(~tit'c.6nstituii·a·~r~iu~icia!
· ·' · - · /.,?: · :. : q.llestion~.e)~~:tneis~m~ f~c\s.anct--circ.um:3tanr.P.s
' .It ge11eraily c:omes)ntd.picw ih ~ .. sitDjti5n.:Where. . are. atten~jn~i~th_e~aqm1r1s~rat1ve .~roceed1r:igs for
. a· civi1- .. acti9n. ai:id a crjmin~l..aS,!Lon are · 9.9'frl . ~ t~e di~b.a_r.:i~n! .?\sus~~nf_1on.-,?f."a ..~~.i;n_ber ~i the b.ar..
·"~pendi[1g.arq there exis!s;~n.',l~-'fQ~r:i:iei;.-~n '"ssue .. b~~.a~se1--.ad~:i_!nist~at1~e .case.s_:·. agf3_m~t .. 1.~~y~r~ ·
· .. : · w_h.)ch must be pree[npt1velY,'re~ol_~ed~.efore·~~e belong JO: a_ cl..fls.s·of.'their·?w~: They·<;3.c~-d_1st!~~-t from
·.. · .latter may- proceed, be~a~~e..JJ,e.~0eye1i t~ and ~Y pro~~d ._1ndepe_n?en9_y ·of c.1v1I and
: .. i:3sue· rai$ed in the dvil ·action is ·resolyJd_w~ulq , · criminal c·as.es(Wi(son Po-C~1am v,p1zarro, A.G. No.
; .. be. _d·eterlT)iflatjv~ Juri~ et de .jure .of -~h~ gu!~r ~r · · ·. 5499,'·August-16, 2095).' ·. : .· · ; . '
.· _ . i[ln_ocenqe yJ"".the. accus_e~ _ii") J,he:. cn_mm~I case_ ..
: · _. _. {~ps: ·Ga_d1tano _v. Sant":1.(?ue~ Cor~-·.'!_.. No. .·.. -.j. ·:-.
, . · . _ 1887,67, July,24; 2013). ·' j " l ·', ·_........
-...-.,;......-1,-.:.;..__ ., :. ':~··,w,~:,~:'iJ;J~CWIL PERSONAiirr . ;,. : .
.
;>~·~te: The ~ul; a'i'ith~ri~~s ·_only .th/s~ensioii,
of the criminal action ,an.d ·not its .aismis.sal ·py:
. .
··
= ;

·
:, .'-(ART.· :i7) -~ _·.·
· ·. ·
.
~·.· ··
·. . . reason ·of. a, ~rejudici.al question·. (RU,LES OF-. .. :. · , ..
6)-. · · · Civil Persoriali'ty .... --· · . ·. · :.: , .. : . .
· .. ··,COURT, RULE-111,.'~(}q. ·.- ·· .. :·. · _'~ .·, , . · it:'i~·:the''aptitiJde. of ,tieiiig.·the.:su~ject;. ac:;tive,·o.r ..
..IJl.!h.l!!re. to 'File Petition to
~us pend.:.:_- :, , ,· .. : , . ·:. pc;1ssive," of rights_ai:id obligatiqQs'-(ALBANO, supra-
A petition for su.sper]s_ion of the crin:)i~al _§Ct[on . . . at 16§(·: .. : '· : .> . .:. _ _"/.':. : . ·. ··· . : " '\ . · . >· . - -.-
_based· up~:m'' the ·peridency· .of. a· P.rejodicial. · .· P.-~rso_
.n_.·
.... '-.· -.. ·... :·. '/_ .. ·' .... _, ... _ •• ·. _·,._ :_ : . _ _-_:··. :: _.: .· ·.' · .. ·'.~- ...

question in a ciyil action-m·ay b(;l filed.in the offi~e . .

_. of the .prosecu,tor of the Aourf con9~cti[1g'· the
.pceliminary_ investigation .. W,hen the crimi_,:ial
action has ·been filed in:.court for. trial~the pe!iti"ol")
. '. \o· susp·~n_d shall-"be ·filed· in the sam.E: criminal·.
· actjqn--at auy·time -~·efore qie. wosec!,Jti_or .rests
(RULES _O'f COURT,· RULE 111, Ser;.. 6)-- . . ;·
· , · · :-. .
·. Requisite.~: .". . · . · · ·, : . '. . . .· · ... ·.
. a. Previously iri~_tituJed ~ivil acti;on involves. an
issue. similar· or intimatefy related tcY the
( issue rais.ed in )t:ie subs.eqLient criminal
action; and. . : . .
. .. · Any Jfelri'g; 1Jc;1iural qr_~9iJi"~i_al;.c~pable ?f p9,ssess1hg
.· ~'.'leg,al rights-an? ob~(:gc1ti?l1~ (.1 Pl\f:_/1.S,._s/J~:a.at ~?D:
._ ., . .. - · ~ ·: , · . . ·.. · _•
. . . Al ~7r~on; .1s· a_ny b.ep~g_. .s.~sc~p!1.b_le }>f nghts ~no
. ,· obligations or more sp~c1f1Gally, 1t 1s .evecy pt:iy,sg:;c;1I
. onn$raf; 'r'eai'_or jQrl~i~_a'i'and~l_e~fal. q'ei~if~usc$p.~ibi~.
·-of rights.an.fl o.bl!gqtions or .b.eing_the·?ubj_ect _of legc;1I
-_relaljons'(RA?,0'( A~' ~up'.~·at : 2.8).' . -~.
: ·J; ·
Note:·'E~tafe of a deced~n1 is consider~d by lgWp?
.a:pers6n.· Hence, ·a fqrgery ccimmittea after th_e deam
of a 'mah. wbose nc:irrje pµrportsJo be signed to.the ..
. 1nstrumei:it ''may "be prosecuted as wit~ intent to·
defraud the estate: (Limjoco v. Estate of Pe.dro
Fragante,
. .
G.R. No. L-"770, Apri(27,. 1948). . . ..

2019 SAN BEDA LA W'CENTRALIZED BMi o"PERA TIONS I 57

 -:.. · PERSONS AND FA-M·1 LY RELAT·ION·S
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY.AID 2019
.
ss · n.~W5¥·f i?t::_ ''* .
'Wii2#FJS4 'h ·' ?#z¥1 t-PW-?f= G: •+•, ».::: '. 4
..
ft!t' ame' ;:ciec:s;;;, ..59i~.5#¥4S§ AA ,a- Mt £d si
Two Kinds 'of,P.ersons . Restrictions on Capacity to Act: (M120-p'c)
1. Natural_ persons - human beings created by God . 1. Minority; . . . -
through, tlie inte·rvention-of parents; ·and Minority does not exempt the minor from.certain·
2. Juridicc;1I persol)s :- ·those created· by law (1 obliqations. If-he does an act.without the consent
PARA$, supr.a at 221). of his- parents or guardia'n, the contract is· not
. void but' is merely voidable, that is valid until
Juri°dicai"·cap_acity V: Capacity to Act .. annulled .. In other words, it is not that a minor
has np capacity but that his capacity is restricted
(1 PARAS, supra al 223)." ·-
. 2. Insanity; · · ··
3... !mbeqilit.y; ·.
4. ·state of being Deaf mute; , ..
. Deaf rr1ute mayeither be sane or insane.
5. J:rodigality; -and ,
ltis the state of squandering moneyor property
. With arnorbid desire to prejudice the h~irs -. of a .
person (Martinez .v. Martinez, G:R. No. - ..445,
·"tvtarcfi 3"1;: 1902). . . .. . . . .
=~=.."""-,.,. ., . ,· 6 .. tlvi_l ··interdiction {CIVIL. CODE,. Art. 3_8; 1
~':. · ·= · . -...E'ARAS; Supra at
23_7). · : - . .

[Jfr7,'"~~~~~~~mtti$i~~~""~""::;;z.ify=-~,--;::=.~~~-~ V .1.VA teison wh~ ~~ffers 'civil_ irite~di_ction is depr·i~ed_

~:..J.:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.z·]·~- - -.... ~fparent;al or marita] ~rn~hs,rity. .

-·
., cJI, . ::--b~S.~~g!'!)l g_u'ard_i~n · ~f the:..-p~rson and
. 'f W · .. ·~rop_~lY,afl.aiward... . . _ .
.. . •-- : 11 IA\ c. . ~isposi_r:i~ ~~ his properly by an a·cf inter
L?1U°l2r?f h dea~h a~d
rettn_st.~d : by totl:!_or . .] 1
r~'·; ·v\1os (be0an~ot dc:m.at,e, for. this is. an act
·. . ,1 tei .yilos· ~l)t 1'1e can make a will, for. this.is
""ifl."I'.-;:;_ Inti r_,.ti._, t di
causes .
:r.1 - . .
,,.,..,..-.~..;.,..,~"-::.,...,.a-·:
.
. •. :. --~ ~-:~~i~ .tr' 'Jit.
a_ . 1spo~1 ion rqo _ ,s ca us.a .. _
) .
..
.
~~~~~ "'., imif:}7.JJ.Iiri,. d. · ".a"r1aging~h.ij lowh O p~bper_ty. _(REVISE_D ..
wl!Jf..~
. . <. . ... ., ··' ·. . . . .. .
Gan· .. exist: ... withou_t Al~9.Yi) • exi ,:~·· ·w1th:;rfi
qapa-cit'y ~c{act:,:. _· . . jyri~j~al"ca !3Cit,y\'.~·
_ .... ~

· r~ ~0@~
•j
_,
.I.if) '2.3fj~ .. · · _ ', . · . -. . .
- :

,'4-f,f_ .. , . ~ ' . •,
<EQDt:r· ·.. rt. "3f; 1 __ PARAS; .~upra at · :

(1 PARAS supra
·, ·. '.: .. ·.· ,..
at 222). . :'\·. -.
~- ·· ·: : •. .
·
.
-- · W.
·
'Ote~: -":-_t}"e p~n~lty of c1v111_rit_er~1.ct1on_1s ~!ven to
Ycnf!lffe8I punished by 1mpr.1sonment for 12
- Fu.llfGomp.let=e.Civil_ Capa.city :-·:. : .. : .,.. · . -~- ea_,e.sl"aridfj~Y ·9r_ more.' (REVISED PENAL .

. .·.:::.~"~0 :.:~::·t;.:::.:\::r::~t?t;pc;. .• t · 1,~~~~~~~~~pt,hJ M·

(StfJ_o.<fa"rd Oil Cp ..v. ~;e·na.s,:.(3._R. No::s~'!,~JvJf·25; ··1v .ufr_qrti c;~r:ra1h obhgat10.ns as \Vhel'!_t~e.1/!Her.a_nse from
.iric'apaCi\~te1J ;.rncin
.. 1911):. · . · .· .. · ,, : ... · .. ·.· .. ·: .. . .~h1ncts:·· or- from., property relations, such--as
. .... . ·:· . · - . :,:-:..... ., ' . easements' (CIVIL ¢OQE,' Art.'. 38).
• · Theories.on .Capacity:to·Act · · · · · ·
.,,..,.....,.,.,...,..--;::.,...,
'.,.,h - ' ·- .. : ., ' ·.··. . • . .Mo_difi~ationsiUmitation~s o~ Capa-~ity to;Act: (IF-
1-PAID-TAP:A)- - , ...
·v }isanitx:;' . ·.· . :. -·- ... · - . - ..
. 2: ·. fa(llil.y r~l.ations;' . '..'
... , ..... :: · ·.: · 3: · !f11bed1ity~·
'ji.Jr.i~ical . . ~--. -,.Eenalty;. . .
. 5 :·Age·-:
t'iiwr::tt.:,;. ~-.~~~;:it;:~~~~::;';7'7.-
. ~~wg . 6~ . insoivency; ·
- ~ m'.-.i,. - . '1 . 7. "state of._beirig Qeaf-rnut~;. .
. ·{«idti-' ~-~~pl/ ··:·efi.t~~pf Thi·01rrnfr;'.'tt1~·-JpoJ_er\·_of , ·.. 8. : Tn.isteeship';.
onfY: 'in · those spe'dfic. juridical. per$ons .only to' 9: .' ~liE!_nage; .. ( . ·
:circumstances where· those. that are expi'essW -·· .. 1;0. J~_rod_igality; a~d ( . . . . . . ... ~
the c'ap~i°city:,tci 'aC::t' is 'co.~fe.rr.ed.- L!J)On: then) Qr . ·11. ~b~ence (Cl\(IL_ CODE, Art.· 39).. ·
(esrrairied. ., . those: which cah b~ . · · ·-- ·- · · · · ·· · ·
.,_ . im~lied _therefrom or .
· ingidentar thereto .

.- . .

_.,,..·
58- I 201.9 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATl()NS. . ;.
 PERSONS~AND .FA:tvfl(.y: R.E-LATIO.NS:
:
.. i!:ft!@:•mansa,
' •-
=•P·: }:" 2 ··»
· . SAN·OEDA LAW'CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS - MEMORY.AID 2019
ill .z,•,: .•w·-ww,>:11tttw,& 12*1t&11&iiu a;,; s"Aetmrn::m" ea ::,;sMst;s s·w·;,,ar.
How Civil P~rsonality· is EX:tiiigu'ished
NATURAL P~RSONS Civil per.sonality .is extinguished by death. Tlie effect
of death ·upo,n the .. _rights and·_ obligations of the
(~TS. 40-43) 'dece.ased is determined by law,' by ·contract and by
will (CIVIL CODE, Art. 42). > . .. .
: BEGINN_IN~ OF PERSbNALITY .. ,
G·eneral Rul~::-Birth determines .personality (actual Note: Civil lnterdictiOI')' merely -restricts, . not-
personality) (9/VJL CQQ_E, Art. 49).. . . extinguishes! capacity. to act· ( 1 PARAS, supra· at
232).
Ex~eption: The .civil personality· of .t~e· ch'ild shall
commence from'.th"e ~iryie of its' conception, for. all .. Presumpflonof survi~orship,
If th_ere isdoubtas to wnom: between or arnonq two
· purposes · fav9rable to . him, subject. to the
requirem_ents .. o'f }\rt. 41 of the Civil Code (P.D. No. or ~ore· persons called.to succeed each other, died
first, the following rule? shall apply: _ · .
6~3, Art: 5!, This pers:o'~al\ty at ·conc!,lpti_on is ca[led
·· pre~ump_t1ve person,~h~Y- ·. · -. . . .
J. · Whoev~r alleqes the - death· of one prior to 'the .
othershall prove tn"e same; 'and :· . ' ..
The law considers the conceived child as born for all . ·2 .. In the absence of proof, it shall. be presumed that · ..
purposes favorable.to ·wi(bOrn alive .. Ther~fo.re · the they dled-atthe. same time. There· shall beno ·
child has a"'pre~Limptive personality, which-has' two transmission of .righ,tinro.rn oneanother (G_iVIL .
characteristics: ·_ . , .· _ CODE; Art: 48). '. · . · ·. · ·. . .. · . ·

.I . ~i:~~1~:;·d~r c_opdi~ional (-Q~imi~uing v, le~o~·.Note; A;t.:4,~ "ap~l;es .wh;~

G.R. No.·L-26795, July 31, 1970). .
th:~
more personswho are called to succeed each other.
c~s~·jnvol)e·s: two .or:

· .. . . · . - . . ·· : . ~ But i_f the parties are- not c_allad· to succeed each

Note: T~e concept of provisional personaiity >., other, Rule-131, Sec. 3 UD of 'the Rule$ of Court
··CANNOT._o_e-inv_oked to obtain damages for-'a1i'd-in __ .§JPJ:>I~. Both are to beapplied only in the absence .
. behalf ?f. a~ aborted. c~Bd (Geluz .'.!.; CA; ·<?.R. _ No. 1:::: • of fa~ts(rfJA'tA.s, ·_supra at 235):: · _.. _ · 1 _ -- • •

16439, July 29, 196.1).

· · .-:.- ·
· .· . . lJ \ ·.' - ·
PreslJ.mp~on '_i_q ·ca~e t':"ci' persons. _wh? are not
·
_ called to_..su~~eed died m the s~_m·~ ~cc1de_n~: ':
. ,Th~t ~xcepqo~ purP.o.se~of succession. when'two
_ .. persons-·pe.nsh in thesame calamity, suchas wreck,
.: battle,_or conflagration, and it is not 'shown who died
flrst,' anti tJ,EiLeare 'i(q particular clrcurnstances from .
. , . '. which , . it, can _b·e inferreq:_-,t_he_ . survivorship is_··_-
a
WI-Yen is Child ConsilderedBorn .. .. . determined from, the probabilities resultinq' from the
. General -~ule/For 'civil· purposes, he<fetus .is · stren~th and··t~e age- of the sex~~~ ·ac,cordi~~. to the_
cQ.osider.ed born. if it is· alive at tne time· it is~foll,ow1f19 r.ul_es: · - ·. -·. : -·- · .
· ·~ompleteily ..d~IJvered fr~m -the mother'? wom_b (,CJ.YIL . . . r:· ~f .?o!h wefe unde.r the .a~E;i ·cit-'15 yea·rs, the qldei-
COOE, A.rtA.t)... ' :. . . · ..- · · · · · :_,.. · . _· .- _ ,s.d<,?emed to hpve surviv~d; · ., .
· '. · .. ·, · · · 2. If bo_th were above the_ age 6Q,;th,e young~r is
E~6ep~t~.~: ·-If. th~· fetus had ~i, intr~-uter·i~e-·l,f~ ~( -· ··deemed to have survived;·: · · ·:
.. ·:less 'than i:'rnonttis, it fs 'not: deemed born .if it dies 3:- . lf'one.fs. under: 15 'and the 0th'er'~·i:,bvi 60,· the.
. ~ithin, 24· . h~ours·aft~r its comp).ete deJi\(ery ,from_.~ne •, fqrmeds.deemecffo.have ·survive&,: .... ·. >.. · ·
..
: ma.!ernal .womb (CIVIL. GQDE, A.rt: f .·
. . . .
11 . 4. · lfboth:be·over'15 ·and under 60,··and thtfs·ex be
':differ.ent,-ttie· male is .deemed .to .have 'surviv.ed,
\iru~tratiort: ·· ... :· ·. i \• .. . . ·. ... . .i the sex be·th~ sa'me·,,_the .older;·"· · . ._ .... :.. .
·~ · 5. ·1f onl;l be Linde.r. 15 or. Ovet' Eio; and .the ._other·
. · .. bEi!yveen. thdse' ages, the latter i's. deemed· to .
'-have surviv.ed '(RUf:ES OF-COUR·T,.RULE 131, .
. ·. . 7.: ms:mihs: or. mori3 ;Aliv.e' · -. upon . , :'comptete -· .. Sec0 3 (jj)J.'. - . . .-:'. 't·:· .. .·
- . (.Ordi_nary) ... · . ·. ·_qelivery -· even if'the .child
... .. ·i. .dies.within':24 hours N.ote:lf .the~~ ita d~J.JQt. ~s between ~o· or-'fnore
persons 'wiio'.are called -~o succeed eactiother, as
·. Less.-than- 7 months ·Alive ... : upo_n . complete to which· of Jhem.-died first, whoe~er alleges the
(ExVao.rdinary) - , : delivery and at .Jeast, 24. .· · deatll ·of. on~ prior· to_ the other;. sha·II prove· ihe
·· · hours' thereafter (f PARAS, · same; in the absence of' proof, they: .:5hall be·
supra at 231).. · · . ..... :.copsidered to have died at the same tifn~:(RULES .
. OF cpuRT,.RUL_E 131; SEJ~. 3 (kkJJ.'1, .

.•

~ ., . ..
.· 2019 SAN BEDA·LAW CENTRALIZED-BAR OPERATIONS 59
 PE.RSON.S AND FAMILY RELATIONS
.SAN BEOA LAWCE:NTRAL!ZED BAR OPERATIONS_- MEMORY AID 2019

·,
'..__
.( .
JURIDlCAL)?ERSONS
. . . ...
_. 1. .'CiTI?:ENSHIP ANP-DOMiC.iLE

Juridical Person .. · Citizenship. , . . ·. . ,

A being of iegal existence susceptible of rights and'· It is the status of being a 'citizen, or of 'owirJg
obliqations, or of being · the subject _of juridical · alleqiance to a state. for _th? privilege of being under
relations '(Roldan v. Philippine Veterans Board, G.R. its protection (Id. at 264). · · . . . '
No. L-1197_3, June 30, 1959). . . .. . . .
Note: Article __ lV_pf the 1987 fhilipP..i_ne Constitution
. Wh.o areJuridical Pe.f?9~f· now governs the rule on. citizenship. . · ·
1.·· ·-State .. 'and its . political . subdivisions.' '(Public
.Corporations ); . ·
. .
2. Corporations for public interest" (Quasi - Public
Corporations)' -:- governed: ·either·. by the 2.·
:. Corporation Code - Qt . thefr special - charters
,·;,::, ••.. >
·: P.~~_se~ bythe-leqislature: arid .. , . ,-•.•
·<:-- · . . ·

.. ,° .•. No )e,ngth__. of. ~~~ ide.nc:¢; ,It _is: f~aj,d~n~.~-. ~p~pl~.d

0

... · · without ... intention· ·. oLwith iriterrtloh to. r.einl3jn

· . Tei:n:airij~g :y(i·iJl .CQn~tit~te. for an UQliinlt~tj~'tim.e -. :._... ;:
. _d9~if~jl~j ·,.. ~---:)-~..- -':-·; :.:·>.-:
•· . ·. ._. .,...
·,·> ~:.· . : ·. - -~-·~:
(R9f;ni.Jaldf!z~Mar_cos:: v:"·:COMELEC; · ~-R ·.No ...
11997.6,.SeptembertB; 1995)-..
"\ • • : •
. . .
·- t •
···-.-
~ •
~ · . ~. • • • •

·E1em~tlt~8·t-oo·ITfi~(l~:;~Pi)'· : .. · . . : · .': -~ .; · · . ••I'/

1~-~-. 'Pll·ysicai~Presence~f,f '~,fix€d place; . · - ·~..

.•.• ·..:' . .-.!- ··-· ~ ;---'~ .- ... -.- . · • · 2. ' !rite_l)tio.n".1ci.· rem~'if.i,: permanently ii): said- place
~igl)t'$-of J~riai~a(· p~-,:;~-~~s . ·; . - .' . · . (tininius : · manendij.' \Romualdez,Martos- v.
1'.' "To'acquire arid··possess· propertyofall kinds: :.· · .COMEJ.£C,· G.R.' No. '1.1f97q, Sep'tember 18;
:~. -To-.ir:ic;:ur.bbligafions;\iind: · ... . · . . . . 1995).. · . '- . :: , ·.. . .. - ..
3.-' To br°[ng ·civil' oc crjrriinal actions (1 PARAS,.
supra:at24-1).
I
'.' -i" · · :--

. 66' I 2019-SAN BEDA-LAW-CENTRAUZED BAR-OPERATIONS

I ' • , • I ~ .
 Pt.. a a,:e bibtfi t di# W di&ifSEM·IW Sl°tt#Glfi\SN A· WHAi RIMt&lklid!. 5iidf ~

P.E·Rso·N.S AND·-FAMILY RE.LATIONS .... ~~,

SAN BEDA i.Aw CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY·A/0 2019

Kinds 'of Domicile ..

1. Domicile of origin -· -That acquired by· every
person at birth. It is usually the 'place where-the
child's· parents . reside .and continues untlf the
J. FAMILY COPE

same is· abandoned .by acquisition of . new · Executive Order No; 209 otherwise known as Family
domicile .(Coquilla v. Commission on Elections, ·• Code of the Philippines took· effect .on August 3, ·
1988. . . . .. . . '
.G;R.-No. 1519t°4,-July31, 2902);.. . .
. 2. Domicile of-choice ~ That which. is chosen by a

J . ·.·
" . person as' his more or· less- permanent home:
. that' to-which, whenever he ·is absent, 'he intends
to return (lnre: Uytertqsu v. Republic, G.R. 'No. MA.RRlAGE
~ . .
· 1.·
L-6379, September 29, '19.54); and
• • •• • - 1 -·. ... '

Note: Three basic rules on -,domicile of choice: ·"·Marriage . , ..

·. A special contract of perm.anent union_between a
a: · :A man must have .a residence or domicile
.. somewhere; : . . . .:. . . . .. . mah and' a woman entered into· in acco'rdarice with
·iaw for the estahlishmenC9tt:onjuga1 a11d family life .
b. Domicile, once established, remains until a :" (FAMILY c·ooE;., Art: 1). .. . ..
new oneis validly acquired.and . . ·.
· c. A rrian · can· have but one· residence: or • I ; • •

In Republic v. Nolasco, GR. No.· 94053, ·March 17,

• •

: domicile· at ariy given- time · ( Ugdoraci6n v,
. COMEl.EC,': G.R_.. · No. · '179?5'1, . April .')(;
2008). · . ·.. . .
3. Domicile by operation of law -· attributes to a
'person a domicile independent· of his 9'wn
intenti~n :';)n:~ctL.fal·,reside~~e. ordinarily l}l~4lti~g. j.
·· fr~n:' leqal do!1:1_es_t1c_;r(;lla_t1ons, as ~ha~UnE:! wife
arisinq from marnaqe, or the relation'of a parent
·; 19_93, t~e Supreme Court ·st(essed the strong need
I re. tq 'protect " .. ·.the '·basic s9c_ia.1 institutions ..of marriag~--
and the family in the preservation of which·tlie State ·
has _the strongest interest";:tt,e. public'·p9licy he're '
iiivcilyed is of the m_ost fundamental kind. -
>
In' f\rticie:::J I ,·'-).\~di9~' 12 o(\he. Consti!utior there is.::
set forth the 0llowing basic state-·pollcy:., The State
.r(;lcognizes_.th»e sanctity'of famil/life. and shall protect

. . .: 179851,Ap~il.18'.· 20P8{. L . .;
and a child -(Ugcjoracion v, COMELEC, q,R. fY..O.:·
:t.
an·d strength~n the fam.ily· a.s a. basic autonomous .
social ·institution\ The· same ··sentiment- has been
·e-~pressed · injtne F.amil.y Code of the Philippfr:,es in
Requirements for . the: Acqu~sltion .o,t,., N.~'« .. . 'Art:.. ~1'1-?: 'Ihe':'family~ ?ei~g !he Jo.~nd.atio.~ ._Qf t_h_e..
Domicile .· · (·/~ . -~- · · nation, ts a basic social institution yvh1ch public policy
1· .. ·Bodily presence .in a new l_ocalitypfctu'al . · cheris,h'es _anQ. prnte~ts .. Ccinsetjt,Jently, ·, fan:iily
removal or.actual chanqe _of a9mi0e: .- relations. are governe_d· by. law and .. np· cos~om,
. ?· . ~n~:nHon ·.t~ r~~ah. therein .(~n~tn~end.1\ · ... pYa2tice ·or agreement destructive 9f tl;le-family shall
be recognized or-given effect (Rf!public·v. Nolasco,
3. Intention to abandonthe old :d,or.nic:,ile (animl1s , G:~~No ... 94053, Mafc_h 17, 1993f · .. · : · .
· · non revertendii (Roinuald~jo. v, RTG_, · !, · 1aef.
Tecloben City, GR. No. 1 (}4960, Ser:lembffr 1.4, · Marria.ge- .sha.11 not be. ··a· -~e~~on t<;> di'sc:fualjfy a
1993;Pbe v, COMELEC,-·G.R. No . .22·1697; April· female employee from work - .· .' .· ..
5, 2016}: . . Where ·a. coml:i'any'.s ·poljcy..:disqualified frc:im work -
. -any' woma.n. worker Who 'CO~trads marf.i~ge,. ',the
Rules in Defermlninq -the Domlcile of juridical . .'Supr.eme Court,invalidated such policy a·s-it not only
Persons: , runs afoul of .the constitutional provisidri on .e~ual
t. G·et the domicile provided for in the law .creatlnq protection: but a,1$o ·on· the fLindament~I polity of the
or . recognizing. them Q~. in their ·.articl~s of . St.3te toward marriage (f hilippine . felegrap~ and
aqreernent; ,: .... · . . . .:. . Telephone Company v. NLRC,. G.f?. No. ·118,978;
2. If no.t proviae.d.for, get the plat~; . May 23, 1997):'· ,. . . . · ·· .1 •. ·.·•• -

a. . Wheire . tbeir' legal .. , representatio"n . : is .

.· .
eslablished.· .. \ Absei'o.ce of Real ·Intention to Establish .. a· Lite·.
, T.og~th'er· i~ lns"ufficient to Nullify the Marrfag~ 0
b. or
...;here· they- exercisie. their· . principal . However, irFRepublic v. 'Albios, GR. Nd> .1·9878.0,
O'ctober16, 2013, the Supreme Court s'aid that-, "th-e
. · funcfions:(9'\1/L CODE, Art., 51).
possibility that tti·e p;arties in_·a m~rtiage might have
If the corporation has a head office and .br~nch no real ihten.tion· to .establish a - life together is,
offices, the domicile is the lpcation of the head office however,' insu_fficient"' to nullify a, rnar!iage freeJy
(1 PA_RA_S, supra at.366}, · · ·entered into .in accor_dance with law. Thet_e is no law
that d\:!clares. a. marriage void. if .it· is entered into for
pur"pcises other than what the Constitution or law
. declares, lsuch as the acquisition of· foreign
citizenship". · ·

2019 SA_N.BEDA.~W CENTRALIZEO BAR Q,PERATIONS 6·1

 PERSONS.A.ND FAMILY 'RE·L.ATIONS
·• SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPEl?AT/9/'JS - MEMORY AJD·2019
~1.ti?~@Fe:&%:R 1#P'$M?¥£b&fp§1&Mtfl:ma,. !l&&h?tM¥9$1ViS1£M¥£f?*W¥MWS&2& !£'!;¥ #'! Z%2ikM&M#L!'M®4i'i

Note: Contracting parties rTJl,JSt be of different sex.

The fic~t article of the.Family Code explicitly provides
that marriage should be between.a man and a
woman (STA.MARJA; supra at,1Z13).

Effect of Sex Change .·.

-A person who had a biological sex change from male
to female _through gender re-assiqnrnent surgery.
and ·sought' the amendment of his birth certificate to
reflect the chanqe in sex as cl preliminary step to get ·
married to his partner. remains to be. a male. The
Supreme Court ruled that sexdetermined visually by
lookinq at the· genitals of a baby at the time of birth
. is · immutable and that there· is . no law legally
recoqnlainq. gender sex' re-assiqnrnent (Silverio_ v.
Republic! G ..R. No'. J 74689, October.19, 2007). .

/ '

.~. .

$..r~aqll :of. olJligation·s of Breach .... 'ot . cirdin.c1h'

-~usb~ncf' and ·w·i~e does'[ con't,r~ctS:°give~;'rfs_e· ta.an
·ncirgiv~'. riseto an 'action action ·for.damages.
for, clarnages .. Tile faw ' . . · . . .. ·.
provldes ', penal and' civil' .. . ·. '
sanctions." ·. such. a~
prosecution. f~r__-i:19ultery .'
or . . concubinaqe. =and
. proceedlnqs '. (or.. lega.1 . ·
. separation, .·adion tor . . ·.
support, ere. · · ..

62".1 2019 SAN BEDA LAW.

. CENTRALIZED
. BAR OPERATIONS
,
 .. ~.
. ·-PE-RSON.S A.ND·FAM.ILY
. SAN BEDA (.AW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
RELATIO·NS . ·. ..
. ' . . .
. ": .
darnaqes pursuant to Art. 21· of the Civil Gode marriage. Mo.lives, s_uch as acquiring foreign
(Wassmer v.. · Velez; G._R. No. L,·~20089, citizenshjp (Republic ·v. A/bids, .G.R. l'Jo ..
December 26, 1964). . 198780, October 16, .2013)-or ou_t of rever~nqe
2: Where a· man's promise. to marry was. the for . the . other spouse's parents · (,Pepublic · v.
. proximate. cause of. giving herself unto him in Romero·://, G.R. . Nbs. 209180 &' ·209253,
sexual ·congress and there is that proof he had February 24, 2016);. are immaterial for the
no intention ofrnarryinq her.ithe promise being determina.tion of the validity ~f marriage. ·..
·. a _de.c~ptive device, darnaqes: may be awarded
pursuant to Art. 21 ofthe Civil Code because of · .-Formal Requisites of Marriage: (ALMJ
the: fraud and deceit· behirid.it and the: willful · 1 .. Aut11·arity:o_f the solemnizing officer; - . l ·

. · · in}ury to her honor and repuiation'·(Baks·h v. 2. Valfd Marriag:e·.!:icense;' and . .

Coiut.oi Appeals, G.R ... No ... 97336, February 19, 3 .. M9rciage ceremony .. wl)ere the .cqntracting .
- 1993). . . · parties cJppear befoi"e ·the· solemnizin·g officer,. .
. 3. Where the .rnanforcioly abducted a 'woman- and w.ith their_ personal ,deCl?ration tha,t .·they. t.~k°e ...
.. had carnal knowledge with" her against her will, . e,!'th othe.r a.s husba'n.d an.cf wife jn thEfpreser,ice
and thereafterpromised to-marry tier in order to rof
o( 'les"s thai:i 2 witnesse? oh~g.al age.
escape- criminal. liability, only .to thereafter· >. (Ff'_MitY CODE, Art.':3). .
· -. renege· on such promise after cohabitlnq with
her for 21 days, such 'acts irrernisslbly constitute -:
acts" contrary to 'morals and . good ··cusJ,9ms
(Bunag'v, CA, G.R. No.- ·101749, July 1.0, ~.992).

In marriage, -the parties assume new .rela.tions t

. each·,--9.the~ and 'the -~!ate' touchinq - nearly . evrr/
aspect of life and death -. In a real sense, theri;are
three parties to every.civil marriage: .tw~1lling
spouses and.an appr.qving State (Manuel v People:

e., "' -~~· .1~584~~~c5vem:b·e:2~'. ~o°.sf. :L · .

~ · ·~.ar~.1age rs .~over;ned by""La.~a. Cannqt B.~ ·
Subjectto Stipulations- ', ¢ :· . . .. .;
The State .is a· party. at interes_t to ',th?~rit~miage · ..
to.gether. with the. husband and wife'.'"''f:h~efjtionsgJP. .
is one in _which the Sf~te is d~e~~.n5ern~d,.·anq
over, wh1(:h the State . exercises a""'Jealdus .: a~d
exclusive dominion (RA.BUYA, supre; at 167J. . · Va.lid; . byt . ibe
. ~ ·-
person
General Rule;: The law declares thatthE:l:.-nait1re-. ,,
respo·nsiqle · · fqI
. consequences; qnd 'incidents of rriarri?ge a·rp,tg'1>¢ .the. · ..'..irregularity ··.
· governed_-by law and· -cannot.vbe s\ibj€c::t .:Jo ... .
shali: be' . civilly,
~\ipulatiqns·(.fAM/L y:090~, Art. ·1).,- , . .. .. : · ..
acfrfrinistrativ'e'ly, .
anc(. crirhi.naily
Exception: .. Marriaqe .. · settiernentsc'may - fix the)
liable:. :· · If· · the
property, "relations · of the spouses _during_· the.
irregularity.. w~s
marriaqe (Id.):· · , · · ·• :,· · '- .. · · ~. .. . . '... ·caused by:. the
But even this freiidom ~to fix. the pr_operty .relations .·
. c(vii·. rl:;)gistfar, be
during.-·thl:).· ma.rriagE/ is· not absolute ·as· the'same shali ;. also ... -be .
must-be exercised ."within the limit~ provid.ed by th·is ·
'ad,n:ii~istr'atively .
Code" (RABU'(A;.supr,a at 167)>> ·.. . . · . liable.·. ·
..,·., ·
(Ex~m..P.le · ·... of
.. , .- ....
.· . Essentia(R~quisites of Mar~iag~:·(L.C) ... : . · . ·: .,
irreg·u1_arity:' ,
. 1 .. .!:egal.-caRacity of the contracting parties, wlio
·, 1. · No witness.es
must.be'cfm.ale_and.a femaJe;.,H)d . :. . . . .. . of iegc!) ·age; . ',
} . a.. Eigl)teen (18) years.old o,r above; and · 2.' ·only . one ..
.b. .Not: un.der any impedir:n·ent . mentiored. in : witness . of. · .
. . Ar.ts. 3f and 38.(FA°Mlf.Y.CODE, Arf,.'5) .. : · ·. -,.egal age;
2. ~orisen't freely given in· the. pre.sen.c;:e of · a.
~- · Witn_esses b'ut
solemni~ing offfcer..(FAMILY CODE, Art. 2). ......
nof' o( legal
age dur;ing thei
. N~t-e: Cons~nl IS different frorn motiv;, A Jree,ly
marriage . ·
.· given · consent requir~s ·; that 'tlie. · contracting · ceremony
parties willingly· and- deliberately enter into the ..

. 20i9 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED. s·AR OPERATIONS I 63

 P-ERS:ON.S AND. FAMlLY RELATl·ONS SAN BEDA (AW.CENTRALIZEDBA.R_OPERAT/€1NS- MEMORY.AID 2019 .
~"'"'!* ~ti:ss<,e .i~!5 £:,, :s?:t -ra:x: · §tstms:2, w:; JP~-¥.,,:1 ;;;1 ; !":. ii@ ;g,•as : @'·it-.t·'t:es =w k*'o/1::-m%td
. .does not alter or qualify th~ authority of the.
(STft MARIA, .
supr« at 1.28); - solemnizing officer as provided in the_ preceding
:_ provisiqn (Navarro v. Do1J7agtoy, A.Ji;f. No.- MTJ-
or
4. Issuance of
~6-_1088,- July
1. 9, 1996), · · · ·
. ri\miage'
Iicense : A priest who -is commissioned and 'allowed by
despite his Jocal ordinary to_ marry the faithful, is
absence . - of authorized to do so only within-the. area of, the
(
publication- diocese or place allowed by· his Bishop. 'An
..... - prior, tel." the appellate court-. Justice .- or a Justice of
completion of Supreme .Court has.jurisdiction over the entire
the , - 1 o~day Philippines to solemnize. marriages, reqardless,
period _ for of the venue, as long as the requisites. of theIaw -
,.:publicatiprf. are compliedwith. However, ·judges who are
-" · '{Alcanta,:a v. · · appointed to specific jurisdictions; mqy officiate
.. • - 1 • Alcantara,· in weddings · only wltbln said -are~s - and nor ,
. .,.. __ . G.Fl. . 'No. beyond. _Where:.,<! j!,Jdge_ solemnizes arnarriaqe
1677 46, , . - Ol,l_lsid,e _ his · court's .jurisdictien, ', there. Js a.. :
-'. Avgust'- 28, . '-result~nt ir_r~g_ularity i~ the. f_or'n:,al -requ!site laid
,

. · (SrAfl(fARIA; supre at 1
.

.-· .. -
Note: ,'{Yh~f1- either . or bothof
W). - . _ . /~--~.:' ·
.. 2007).- ;~~n in.Article 3; which while 1t may riot affect
·_ · • ~It,.. • u·- :x.
1t~e. valid_ity of· the marriage, may. subject· the.,
1\f offfci'i'ti~~ official" to a~rt)_inistrativ~ liability ·
. . h~--'-.1.~J;. ~(Navarre.v. Dqmagtoy,-A.M. No. A4TJi96-1088,

. ~~f~n~~ ~i~~~~~1i~-1~ln~~f;if~tr!rtftJti7fi~{-of-t}i~;~k~ni~i~g-~ff-ic~r. .
._(FAMILY
.- .·
Marriaqe in }est ·
CODE, Art. 14).
_ · ,. .
. L,
~
t _ . ~. ., , ' . _
tlie~p°*~s·e~~are . . - _:·

.!he ,s_olemni~i!}h. _o~ic~r- is, 'n~t dutt b_o~r.i_d to-

·, ~ -, _ . · rrv~ · · - investigate ~tlier- the ._marc1age license was
.·":_--:· . :-.-·. -~.,.=--
·lI.-

·im -..,,..~, ,g_u1,arly iS~l!_e~:.,..J;:ie mus_t on!Y. d~fermin:~ if i_t

h -_
-~Jul~t{~9p).. . · -,_ - - - _: ·:
. . : ;.
A pn=r_tende,d_m~rriage, Br;i
.1:eg~I i_n f?Ym ~ut,e"n\~rXiiJrl.07' _j S-~~as ,~sued c~Jpetent o(fl~!a_l (Alcantarq.V:
. !~~~~ 1~k~ril;:;;;i
rei~~~~~ti~1_~~!f~-,t}l~~~1}£Q_'.~-~leas~ G;~Jvg. ~ 6,7:r 46, ~:u~ust ~~:i2~~7j;:_
. uoderstandmg th~! the P,art;\.~(tl· p_b~o~p_d.,fill ~ _ Pf ~'\2~ .. wtj o,::;"1ay S_otem mze. Marpage: 0

!.h~ c~r~f!lony- 1.5- rrot . f~llo~~/l 1;>~ aq_~Q.~L!~~ ~, '@>"? ~'@:~~l ··; - . . J- · · · - . . . · . ·: · ·- · · · ·
.l
md1c.~.tmg ·~ p~~pose __ !o ·_E)_n~e~~t~ ~u.cfY:,,rr~~li?~-~~. ~ .. nesf~abb1,.WJc:im·or mm1stetof_any chl!rch ·
rylarr!ag_~~ ·ln_Je?f\are ,vq1d ab·mJ,(10, n~for,.y1J1a~eq'i.- · _ ?r·relig1ous_.sect; .:, - _ . -_- . ,: .. · .- ·. :.:•
.. _defective, ·?~:!--Jrii~~~l!ig~nt'e;9ns_ent·but-_f0i\1:&co~tf(l?l,?t 1. · Du_ly_ J~thqrized -~by .. his -~~urch · or- E'°1"'f'\~· · ,,
_ ,_ab$_enc~ of.f9?~J.nt·_(f:<epµ.bl19:v. 'Alb(Q$1·~~~:·'fiJ9~
- 19878Q, Oclo_b"._\16, 2013). · : :
-
~\j~g,;,tered • wotb : the_.:office of the . civil rl.)o: : . . . .
.. !·\"~lgJ.$2.l:lS'_sectJ_ :-, --. _ • .- - .- ·- ..

. Cc:irrim~_riI~;_Ma~riage .. :, .- __ .
•. · ., !. ·~ : '~- "'~
. . :-:_-,\ _c_: ,.. '{:,-. ·-
--A,, .-rron~¢e~emp111a.1 · 9r· .. 1nformc1! m.arrj~g!;l:' --·qy
.·:

·
. ""'~ • . .. . . '\ 'I . . •
MN ' . " -
iir(~;;{:-~~~~Tt~~~::~~- Limits ··of- t~t ~rit~e~
·
• • ""' • > • •_.

a_utliontY. granted; and · . ·.

~ •• •
. -·
·agree_rnfJn;t, · en~ered_ i11t6 by a ·[iian an·cm:1::-worh)3~ · · · , ·. iv.· At )east:~ -of· th~ parties belpngs·to. the - --
li_~ji,n~./ _C~J?-9-:G_l~Y:: to ., m,ar.ry, . 9rdin·~~l_1.YJ.{yvitfi.o:~t ··- . s'0lem11izing00fficer's'.'·church- or .r.e.!ifJi?US'-. - : ::-
.C9_IT;lp[1a11ce ..V>'.Jtf1_ sw:h- s_t_at.utory_formaht1e~~as->lho~e. sect (FAMILY_CODE, Art. 7)., · .-.. --
·pertaihirig -to--~ marriage lice'ns.es. Go'ititnon- 'law· · \. • · -~ ' , -- ·
n1_~rriag_e~· · ar(: ~~i-.
re~ogilized • in; th~/PfiillppinJs ._ .__ 'b: . !ncLmqent rn\~~ber of tHe' iudiciary·-within
~(p,TA_.,MA~?(',/~u-·pf:ii:at:f2l).·-_ ·_ -'· · . .: ·<:i~\<"'__:-,~.~--\-' ·;, .-_'.: \: .: ; -: . · th·e c6urt'{jur.isdt:Gtion· (F,P.MILY·'CODE;· .Art,
. 7); ·- ' . . .... . . .. . . . .
,F-orm~I ~~q4is1ti~ of.Mar,ria·ge:· ·:I' . .-;. : ;; . . Note-:.The ju~i_sdictfon"Gf ~he,hl~·thber.'s··.of:th.e
. i'1. · Authcfriti:o'f solemnizin'g· officer. . - . _·,:,] ... - · •
It- is'- riot>the · pr~sehce. -or. absence:":C}~thif. ' . Sup'r°err)e- ._Gou.ft;. the -Court of ~Appealsi the·
. :solemni'zing :office.r~.whith· constitu.te:fttieJornial ·- ... . .:sahdig,:i-nl:>ay.an, and .. th·e Court· .of ·Tax.
···>-;. ·, .- : , .... -.. :·,·- .. · . .:.· ''
.j •• ·.,.,;,,.

requireflie11tb.L,1Mhe· abse·nce .or pre.sen'ce'.9fthe :- ' ·

........ •• '.~"-,'·· ,_-;. ::.:., ........ ,· : • • •

·. ·, A'pi:i"ealsfo'sQle_mniz~- marr1ag~s.\~-\~~ ·~ntire . .

sole_r'n~.izfo~i'-offiq~r·s· ai.Jfltority at the)l'tni.pftt,e 'cou·Qtry. (SEMRI© ::c.:01.Y, _Handbook on the" .
,-- . sof~m'n'iz~ITon:·on~e ·rn:,frriag·~:
-,~·F: ~'.'-:':~:--~<
0::
-
. 'F!affi.ily.Cbd(]_·dtth~Philippines.(1_995); p.-12)·:. -_ -- _-_'
"[hereinafter . SEMPIO
, ... . - Dl'f.J.
. . -_ .. -
.. Und~r·,·A~i'cl_e t,
·marriag:~. ~ay b~~'.~tii~rifz~e~. - . ' ,('- .. _., -~
.Note:
. ' . . . .
It-is not sytµcient tq_a\_the·paf!ies enter
, I • ~y,'.'amcing, others,·,"ariY: incumbel)t"rhiirnt?~r.--6f.
the jud_(G'i"ary. wit.hin- ·the· c·our:t's jurliqfctfo[I,'.' into ·an-'agreernerit>.'.'that they take eac_h other · .
as. huspand_ and, wife", or (hqt consent 'tie ,· .
;\rt_i.~le· 8,'._ which - is a tjirect'ory pro:vj$i~_h7r~f~fr$
orily.. to:the_. Venue of tffe "marriage cilrifrnciriy :a'ntl giv~n~ Article- 2(2)- of_ the ·Family·: Code. ·
!. . - .
. ·~
'

f;l4. I 201~:S.AN BEDALAWCENTRALIZED

,. . ·. . - . BAR·.. OP.l:RATIONS
..
 PE·RSONS.AND. FAMILY RELATIONS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED 'BAR" OPERIITIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
c; ;s;.,:" 1, t-,, ::=: c , -2:epex;: e::::
a ::: 3-i , t & ea&?> m? ;;u~:&:·:s:-: ; zq , e : ss w+afa;;., ·&R P?C1~,UJ' ~~il
21

. . .
. requires that such consent must. be given "in · . · iii. He· acts· not only as the· solemnizing
. '. the' presence of the. solemnizing . officer" · officer; he. must also perform the duties·
(Navarro v. ·Domagtoy, A.M. N6. MTJ-96- · of an J._CR (i.e. issuance of marriage
1088, July 19, 1996) .. license) (FAMILY CODE, Arts. 7 and
·10;. ·~
· c. Ship-~aptains or airplane c_hiefs;
i, The marriage must be in articulo mortis The solemnities established .by Philippine
(.or:i~-'of 'the parties is at· the point of laws-shall. be observed ·in their execution
death); · ·. (CIVIL CODE, ht. ·.17):'
-ii. The ·. marriage . must be between
passengers or crew members; f. M~riicipal and city .Mayors (R.A. No. 7160
iii. - The shipmust.be at seaor.the plane· otherwise l<nown. as Local Government
. ,\ .. must be in flightj including. stopovers at · Code of 1991, Secs. 444-445).· ·
. ports of call (FAMILY CODE, Arts. 7 and
. -'31). . ·}~. Note: Tlie term··."mayor" includes a vice-
mayor who is the ~'Actirrg Mayor" or. \ivho is
'Not~;- Assistant pilot ·has. no.:authority,-t~ ... merely acting . as ··a Mayor (Peopte: v.
solemnize a rnarriaqe even if main pilot dies, . Bustamante, citing lzexemene 11. Bettezer,'
, · (STAMARIA, 'suors at 142).; '. , . ,.. G.R: No. ·11_598, January 27,· 1959).
·. ·-r .
Note: 'Such .marriaqes can be solemnized Gener~I Rule_: Those·solemnized by any pers.on .
;. durinq stopovers atpoitsof call; wherein the not ·_lega.lly authorized-to. perform ma·rriag~s are
voyage. is not yet terminated and includes· void (F_AMIL Y.CODE,'Art. 35, par. ·2):
instances when there are transit passengers
which the. others affirmed (Minutes the ·qt Exception:·The marriages were contracted .. with
147th joint, Civil Code and . Fa,nilY. Law either or ljoth parties believing in gqod faith that
committees held on-J_'!IY 19, 1986, page _"10}: th·e sole nizing officer h;::id the legal'.authority to
• '-,J • - • • • do so ff}1IL.YC_ODE, Art:" 35,_ P(H. 2~:
·: · · d. ~oinm.9nf)r. of~~· .ni,litary
·. ·. . -~ absence o_f-chapla1n;_ . , . Autho~ized · enues.of·M.ar~iage · ·..:.
i:- .•.. He' or she must bea military cqmmand~r -
_/ .. -c, Genlrar Rule:.Must be solemnized publicly;·and
·, .- _ of a unit;' · · n'o't ~~sewJ1e_re, in·t~e; . -: : . -~ .· . .
. ~ . a- .Cliamoers o _;fhe judge orJn open court;
- -
Note: Unit refers to a battalion under.1ne
. , presentfable of organizill_on and n9t,..a ·. .· .·. · Article 8 of the, Family Code .requires that
marrf~_ge·by a .ju_dge1:should only be .. in his
.. · ., ' 'mere c~mpany . (MINU_.TE~S- .QF: iHE
. CIVIL CODE REV!.SION, P: fl -/. : · . . • . office. or courtroom (Keuppers v. Judge
·· · ,....r,;.....~ .........,....,....,._Murica, .AM' No. MTJ~15-1860, .·April 3,
· -· ii..:': He
or .' ;h,e must. tie- a.. com~issjoJ1ed . ., 20_1.8). · . · ,, · ' ·· '
. officer, . . . ... . . . . . ) , . -." . ,.. .
. . -r · · > · :.Artici°e 8 of- the Family- Code clearly s_tates'
/- · - Note: ._..Rank .. should start fro~ · 2nc1 .. that. a marriaqe _can 'be held outside · the·
l:.ieiut~,narit, ensigi:i, . ·or above· (S·Tft.:·, ' · judge's .-chamb_er1i.oi: courtroom only in ·the
·. • > . l'!fARIA, sUprf! af:142). . . :_, : ' · "follt>~ing instance_s: 1 .. ] at \he point of dec;1th;.
• " < • " . · 2.] ·in remote place!'i _ir:i' ac;_cord~nce with
iiL-° A
ch_aplain must -be assigned to· such · · · Article 29; or_::n upon the req1,.1est of .both
· unit/:. .... - .. : · ·, '_, · ·.•. ·pa.rties· in writing:in a sworn statement to tliis
· .... . iv: ,such chaplain· is_ c;1bsenf at. the· time of :- . effecr (Keuppers )I. JudgEl ·Mu_rjea, .AM No.
. the .marrjage; -;, . -. ,. .. . :. · . . · .. MTJ:,.15-1860, April 3,-2018): ·
·.· · . v. . Ma.rriag·e m.u·st bEl iri . ~rl(culo/norljs; and _ · .:: ' .. ·.' ..•. :--c. . ._:.. . . ,.,_,: :.: : . -
. vi.· The'· · contracting parttes; whether . . . · b: ChJ,.Jrcli, chapel or teniple; or
. ·r;iiembers· of· th_e· arr.ned: force's or c .. ''.Office of consul-general, consul ·or vice- .
'.- dvii_ians; must -~·e yvithin !he zone 'Of . . consul. . (FAMILY
·.
CODE,
. ··..Art .. 8). .
military operation (FAMILY CODE, Arts. J ·
·?·and 3.1)- · • · Exceptions: (HAR) · .
.,,
.. a .. Mi:lrriag~ at'a:.t!_ouse or·place designated by
~ .. ~onsul.g'i:rn~r;::ils; .consuls ~r-vice-consuls o_f . the parties' in a ~worn ·statement to that
ttre'Republit 9f the Philippines abroad; .. :effe9t, · .with .tf:le. written · requesf of_ both
L ' J..he marriage must 'b·e only between· ._partie~ to ttie solem_ni:ting officer; ..
Filipino Citizens; · b. Marriage is in ~rticufo.m_ortis; and
ii. ?aid ~fficiai' has. the only authority to c. . Marriage in Remote places (FAMILY CODE,
solemnize marriage abroad; Art. 8; STA.MARIA, supra .•.
at 146).·
.
·'

2_019-SAN BEDA.-LAW CENTRALIZED Bf\R OPERATIONS 65

 ·PERSONS AN·D FAMJLY RE.LATIO·NS·
SAN BEDA L.)l°W CEN_TRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019

Note: This provision ·is only directory and the the qualifications of the contracting parties
requirement that the mar_riage be solemnized in and found no legal ·impediment to the
a particular OJ a public place is not an essential !'ma"rriage
.. . {FAMILY
'
CODE;, Art..,_ 34):.
requisite (STA.MARIA, supra at. 146).
_ Note: 'If without the certificate of legal capacity,
2 .. Valid Marriage License · .·' . · ~the marriage license was nevertheless issued,
Issued by the Local Civil Registrar (LCR):of the the marriage .celebrated ori the basis of such.
city or municipality where- either of the marriage license will still be. considered valid as
contracting party habitually resides (FAMIL Y 'this _is merely an irnfgularity in cornplyinq with a
CODE, Art. 9). . . ·. formal 'requirement of the law· in procuring . a
rnarriaqe - license :(Garcia v. Recio; G.R. No.
General ·Rule: The LCR, eve·n if he finds an 138322, October 2,· 2001; FAN/IL Y CODE, Art.
impediment in the impending "marriage; rr1ust 4/ . .
nevertheless · issue .. the marriage license
(FAf.1.{L:Y CODE, Art .. 18).

··~'

66 I 2019SAN-BEDA
. LAW CENTRALIZED
' . . . BAR OPERA110NS
. .
 PERSONS ANl:l FAMl·LY_-RELAT.IONS·.
SAN BEDA LAW <;ENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATiONS .: MEMORYAID 20.19 .

·Marriage Counseling Exception: 'Marriage of both foreign citizens

Tfils +s-a n~w requirement for the issuance of a will be solemnized by their country's cohsul-
marriage· license under the .Farnily .. Code in -geoerai' assigned in the· Phi)ippif)es:if their
caseswhere -the parties need parental consent country's law allows the same (STA.MARIA,
.or parental advice: Ttiis is to. enablethe -parties , supra at 158): · · · ·· ·
__ ..
to find out if they are compatible before they get . '•'

married. The lack of the certificate "of marriage b. Marriag~ in artitulo mp_rtis betwee.n
counselinq is the.same as the lack of parental p_a~senge_rs o.r .frew membE:rs may. be
. advice (SEMP/0-0/Y,· supra at 21,'. FAMILY solemnized. by a ship ~captain or . by an
CODE;, Art. 1;6), ·. · . : airplane pilot not only whi!ethe ship is·at se? . ,
. 'or: the plane is in. flig~t .. buf·a1so du.ring ·
Rules on the-Validltyof Licerise , st9po.vers at ports of c~II (FAMILY CODE, · ·
. a. The.license shall be ya lid. in a_!ly part of the. ·Art.31); . , . . . _
. · Philippines; . . c. In Bernete pla.ce - residence··of. either pa'rty
b. 'Valid for a period.of orie hundred (120) days is. so. located, tqat there·_is ·no -rpeans 9f
from th~ date of issue: . :. . . . .. . . . . . .. . · transport:3tion to .e·nable,the.fn to. pe~son~lly
C, It shalr be-deemed automatically .cancelled ., , . appear l?E:for_e the_ LCR·(FAMIL <;QfJE,~Art: '!
2~; . . .
upon the .expiraflon b( said period if the

Pl
coniracting parties have not made use of it; .
·and. · -. · · · ·· · · · · Note: For No~·:.2 & 3, the solemnizing <?ffi~·~r - .
must unde_rtake the necessary · steps to·.
d. Sc1id· expiry date sh.all be- stampe_d b~I~ _.i~ . ascertc;1in· .lb~ ag~is ·and .relati9nsti'ip _ _of the.
'characters · on the face. of every. license ·
· cqniracting· parties: and· the _absen~~- of the

r
: issued (F-Afy1/L Y CODE, 'Art. _20).. . .
legal impediment to marry (S!A:MAR_IA,
. .Note: Even if.the license is.obtained elsewhere, .
sup.ra at 121). - -- _·· .
'riot. in . the local civi] registrar of th~9tf. or d. Marriage i_n. §ticulp':inorlis_, whicii. re.mains: ··
.. muni'cipality· where either contractipg party.. • . . ' vali_d e\,eh. if. ailir:,g party· subsequently.
·. .habltually.resldes.Jhe valid_ity·of- tne marriage is.. . . . -·.survives (FAMILY CODE, ))rt,. 27); -. · .. ·.
not-affected since. this Is · a mere ir e~~la~y jn .e. Af o~g Muslims .. or mern_q_e~~ of ethriic ·
the issuance. of the. 'said licens,e --(R'ABUYA, cultural. communities · · solemnized- . in
.supra·a(2:18)... · .: .. :-·;· · '. · ·. - . ifccordanee .. with: their c·ustoms, rites,: o~:' ..•
I· ;_.-,
. i:I •. •
practices (FiAMILY CODE, A[l .. 33);. · '· · . · · .. ·

N~te: :rdexception' -O~;y,_;ap'pli~s·. to .·

Muslims· and ·mer:nber.s·of t~:e etbnic groups
of . the···-C.o_rdi.llera Aytono_mot.is. Region ·
. be,cause they are governed. by_ the Code .. of
.,-- ....·== i'Vll'.lslfrri Personal.iLaws ·of .the Ptiilippines .
. and·· ·. Org'ar:iic Ad of . the· .. CordilJera
~ ·. . . . - Autonorn9us Region (R(l.. ·No .. 67-66). oth_.er .
ethnic· groups are.. still . governed · by tlie
. Family ~ocfo (STkM(i.RIA, supra at 201).:
.. .. . . . :·.

f. 9
'ivia_rriage in artic·u, mortis J:>e~we~n· p~rso.ns
· witt1in the ~o'ne· of , n:ii!i_t_ary -?P-'?~tion,_
whether membe·rs· of the .a'rmed. forces or
.: 'civilians .'may 'be· solemnizec:f by a ·military·'.
. ~6mmander · · o"t. a· unit,·: ·who.·· is a . ·
commis.sioned· offi.ce.r (FAMILY.CODE; Art. · ·. ·
-. · R_e;son:· .A·· ~eriificate· ~f .i~gal capacity i_s · 32)' . .· :: '· · ,:.· · · . ·
necessary.because the. Philippines, insof~r ..
. as. marriage iii .concerned.. adheres to. the
g ... Ma(rii3ge·qetween a man and a wornan "'fh9 .-
nave lived together as _husban·d and wife for ,.
-· . rial.io.n.al ··law of the contractinq paJties with .. at· ·least . five·' .(fil ye:ars, an9:" without legal .
· · . respect to . their ·-J~gal_· capaclty.tc contract· impediment . .to :ma·rry. each' olher '(FAMILY-.·
marriage. Witnout this certification ·O.f legal : CODE,· Art. -34)_. . . .: . .
capacity; the LCR will riot issue the marr)age
. license (ST-A.MARIA, supra at 197): ·.. , Requisit~s: · : . · . : .. · · .. ·.
· i: . The man and woman must have been
. The capacity of a for~igner to get married in . . . living as nusband an·d_,..wife tor.at least 5
· the Philippih~·s is· gqverned ·by~his natioQa_l · · years befor~ .the. marria'ge; .
'a.
. !ciw, for~ign law,. thus, government offices : ii. · The- parties .rriust have .no legal
arid courts cannot take judicial notice· of said imp~diment to 111arry each other-;
·. I~"'.' (SEMP/0 - DLY, supra ·at 26).

2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR QPE~TIONS J.J57

 PERSO.NS·AND FAM·ILY RELATl"ONS
SAN BEDA LAW.CENTRALIZED BAR'OP£RATIONS - MEMOR.Y AID 201.9

iii. The fact of absence. of leqal.irnpediment circumstances to shqw · capacity· to, contract
between the parties must· be present at marriage before· a marriage license·· can .be
the time of marriage; . . obtained (EAMIL Y cobE,.Art. 21, par. 2). ·
iv.· The- parties must execute an affidavit
· before any person authorized by .law to Marriage·.certificate : . .
· administer ·oaths stating that, they have· Best documentary evidence of the exis.tence of·
~.\ . · lived together for at .least 5· years (and. a· marrfage (Ten.ebro ,v . . CA, · G.R. ·tJp, .! 50758,.
are without legal impediment to marry Feprua_rt 18, .2004; FAMILY CODErArt. 22) ..
each other); and · '
v. The solemnizing officer must execute a Note: The mere fact that no record of 'the
sworn . statement that he . had ' marriage, exists. in the reqistry of marrlaqe does
. ascertained -the qualifications· of the notinvalidate 'said marriaqe, as -lor:ig · as· jn the
parties· and that he had· found no legal. celebratiorl thereof, -~11 requisites: forlts valldity
. impediment .to their marriage (Borja- a~~ present (People_y .. Borromeo, G.R: .No:
Manza()O ·v. Sanchez, -AM: No. fv!TJ-. 61873;·0ctobef.31; 1984)_..
· · ·· ~ : ..o~.13_2Q; Mafch· B, 2001 ). . ·· ..
,: . . ( .P.~0.!9~t~t C_~py:,pf}Jlafri~ge·Cerj}_ficate .
,41 .•
Note: The -solemnizinq officer is -duty bound to . A-m~.h\1 photcstat'copy of cl. rnarriaqe certiticate.
· 9Scerta.in the. qualifications o(,ti-i'e contracting. ·. . .: ! .. is .a_yiq,rthle~s pieq(9f_paper:(Vda~ De C~ua v.
parties'(STA. MARIA, supra at 121). · ~A,.·G.R. No: 1168351 March 5, 1998)'put ifsuch.
· . ·: · · · · . · . ' ·-~ . lJ·N:-p~9s,@t<C~P.Y .ernanated. from [he-_Office of the
· Computation of 5-:year Cohabij;.tion~Perio:£1 . Loc;:altGivil ..Regis.trar.,-ar:id, duly.certified by'the
-~ T'~e. 5~¥El~r_p~ri_o~d s~o!-'.1.~ be .. ~mpllt: ,Jn-theP . ~bG_R~s~~n).~the~ntif_.cop~ q{ t~e records _ln h~s
: basis of co~~-~1ta~1ori as ~u?b_fiW.'d'tv~e,YJ.here...; - . . ;_ 9ffJ_G~ ·.J.~S~~'\. c~r~1f1_ed .. photostat copy rs
· the o~ly f;11ss1_ng}a~tor rs _the;rc1.n'.)h~ ~ontra~l, j~ -~.: ';adm1~_s16Ji)'.ff:.e~1_?_ence as (STA1":ARIA, supra·at ')

, to validate thEt:ur:u~n (~-~- i~otWc:otiEJ,~ll<jQ. at lhfP 1[ ·'\o/ 1,f3..q),\:

years Qld).
.: ·. .
· -~-- /
/·.?
'-t:. · . ·~.
ag_e of 17, coun)ingsterts when 'f:Ji}f}ies each 18 ~- .l.fo.
?'\)-, _,
1:ii!;
. , · .. ·
·· · · _' ·.. - ; ' · ·
.. . ·, . ·
Not~f _l.f .:thOOiotost_at cop_ie.s, ·though not
; c~rtifie9-by, ~~ic"e·of.the Lqcal-Givil Regislrar,-
:, , ·.·· ·
·, · . ·.

··· ·!hi~ ,:.~-::-Y.e~,r :· pefi9d ·--~~$tJ_la. b}3 ..thr, y)~~s'"_?:,!!fill 0~~~ir.e·rt~sente~_il') ~-OH/:
without objecfiO.t)_f~6rn th~
.. . . .- !-mrn~d1ately b~fRre :th'e:_~-~X··•P~_Y,f;l.mama_g.E: ar:itl•Jhu1"~·.opp0s1ng p_artiB:~:rcy;~·.consequ~~t-~y,adm1tted by .
· - 1t sh_9ul.d · qe ... c;1_· · pe\no'd~ of· ¢j1}~1tatl~ ,-.:::,....._r-/ · ~t1~!t:~ t11J said Pj1olostat·cop1~s·are deemed
r' . ·. - : cha'racterized_ by: .. >. f'il ,r~~~
f m .. ff\.- -~t,iff,jJ~~f p~~~o~.?f~\h_f.faGtS.~(?nt~i[ie~Jt.ierei.n,and ..
· ~--. _l;~clu~l':'lty. ·::- ng: ·leg~·1.;'1rnJ:e.~1_11 ~~\was~ i!..~"J1~tfrc·,c.:in b~p;our_u( rnarr1ag~. (,Sy.·.v.··Cot!'t
I .·
.. • : : . . pr~~~r I l: ~ ~- ct1 ,y- L)\l~~~ VJ1lh in the~G. y~'a1~ii~~t1• )1,;,.._JJSjPJJflP'J~ G: R_; fj<:>:· /2726?, :!ipril ·:-2, ·
2000) :.~· . · ·
· .. _ ..._-b .. ,-~o.i:itin,1,Jlty-th~t.1s:u~broke.r1'~epq~~~~s/;f·!:·',·.-z.-.· '.,," . . ,. ·.,. ··, ',. :·',

' ;: .· :;.-•:.: . ·: ~t/1i\?~:;~ii;,1;~i:1rQ~~i;1tlf~~~~~t;~;~:~i

.. ·.; ... _14! ·2goo). · ,:QV)· ~~..:.
· . :-._. .. .
fn~~\~~i~~-
.. --~ "'-\itp~ss~~~ ~o,iep,nL~i~g_-offic_e~:'[s_ ~?mis~ible ro
tb\n;>~~-rri~·~e( I • •

. ,·,: .;-,_ : , · : .- .. ·.,. ·~-- .... ~-- · M-t\1~'\(-~~-factof·ma.rn~ge '(Reople· Y..-.Velas.co;

,. '· .. · . !'.'le~~: .Th_e flye~y.ear,F~mmor:!-a~:,co~a.b~ion. ·tVlJ;~-?G.Ji?~os:-13523.1,·~;3; Febru.ary.-:28_,~·2001). . ~.:.
;p$r19,~.ur,id_e_r f.~~1.c.le:76\mean~ a ~JY.~r-Y~~r.peri'&t.~--·.. ·... - .:· :- · '· \ .. ····.-··· ... :. · ., ..
·· · c,oJnputed oack from.-the dafe- oh:elebrati.911 of · ...-_,.·cohabitafidh.as.1h·sufficie'ritProof.1'·.·:
, .. ;:rJi~rr_ie.9.c~;;i_n<;l,-·re"f~~~:t<;i,.a;,P~J:io~-~p(lggal_ ur,(on _.. ·--·~ ~-~~e}coha~1tatio~·-· is·:·:psit:, 'a -·~fre'cfi,pr.oof of
. ;: z-h,_ad~,tt -~or.~~eri fq~·t!le, ~??W1C~ of-.a_ .r;n~rnagEl_. _It _ · - -:<:m~yiag!:l;'.,. ·arJ.d_ .i_t._ rn,~s.t:-bf:!; prc:,v~? . Q\CP.~<?P~~
. . .cov~r,9m_e-.y~c!f~_11:i;i.med!?.\ely pr.ec;:ep,ing the .gay , . · ·.- ·- documen,ts , or,- by .9r,al• ._te.?t.1m9ny~m,. cas~ )hf,ly .
·· · · · :.. , . . ,. , o~}I:!~.- QJ~rfic\9_~,. cJ;tara~teri.~ed Ot. ex.~l~s_iv!tl -::- ... :C . ; ·,· . h~fe'. =befe_~ _lo$t· }~~A. ·,_MA'.R_IA,-N;1pr§1'..$t 161, · ·· ·.. ·.
·· · me!m1!1g ,noJt-i!rd P.cJ~YNfas 1n,vo~yed ,at;a_ny·tii:i;ie-. . . cdmg;u_s v.. Evangel1s_fa,·_(31R: No:.9841; Ja·nuary · :
·, .:_witbJ~(-~h,e Jiye · yecJrs_·;-:;- -anc;I. _c;6~_tinµity thaJ is 9, '191'5): . · _. ; · · ·
• · 1. unpr'oken (Republic ii. Dayot, GR. No. 175581, · · ·.. :,,., ' '~,·,. ··' ··
. ,, M~ic.~)8,·-?008f~- ., . ~· ,.· ·, · · .- .,,: · F\e-suiiip_tjon of.M~r.rfag~. ". .: . -:-:·'·.,. , _ ..
. :• .:A:
-~an'.: andc'a .1~-fu~!1-arrdrt!0g:t~~-~~elve~ _as
. . . ... T~:$ r~isity.ota_8-_~ttid:~;!~·pt.. m~~it~1-~~11a_~itauon, . . . ·. ,~.?,7 b~:.'9}!n;d."'A.'.1f~Jl'r~;p~etum~,d ~?-~ave ~ntered
. , : .. :· .··.\;,wbE?r.eJhe,. part1e? h~y~,1n,trQ.th·fci.Uen·.$_h9n: of t~e ... ,· .. - into .a,la:,.vful· c;:onfractof; rtlarnage "-(Rt(LES 'OF · · ..
.. . , ·rninitnum: fiv_e-ye"ar reqµir.~_me'nt, '· effectively . ··· , G(?tl~~ R~LE _1-$1; ~-~~-\3_"(?ia))-'
. . ....
<·:1 . . '· · ... :· .
- .. ,, . ' ....... . ., . ·~·· .. ..... .- ' . .... ,. - .
.>
rendeYs, the marriage .vo1ci'ab initio for 'lack of a-· -

mar'r.ia.ge· license (Republic. Ii.· Daybt; G.R. No. simper-praesumit&fpt~'maYrimori76'.~·Alw~ys .

. 1-75581,.;March·?8, 2008). , . .. · · . pr:es~rrie m_a"rrip_g'~, However,. t_hi~:mes-urnpuori ~
. --~ :·· " ! ' .•_. . : .· • .
:rn_~y -~t:~~jtt~~iq_r~d/,by ~ ·p9_~yr§if;i~~.9.verc6~e . ·.
. , Stateless Persons·or Refuge,e-s . . . by ot~~r ..e:v1d,en<?~.(ljy.v. $P,.~·-Ja.C.$8/Tlpf'!a1G.R.__
-/Stateless. persons-.' o( , refugees. fro·m. other No.:?06220, (l.ugust 19; 2015). .
:-!·. - .. . ' --· . .
couritri.es.- . /
shall. ~submit .
.ari
. .. affidavit
....
.. stating. - . ~ ~ . ·.. _
'·- .

q8 1· ·;z019·_SAN B.EOA LAW CE,NTRALl:2'.ED BAR OPERATIONS .

.. . ..
 PERSO.NS.AND FAM.iLY RELATIO°t~-$
SAN BEDA LAW CEN[RAL~ZED BAR <}PERA!IONS, - MEMORY AID 2019

. Reason: Marriage in this jurisdiction is not only ~-arria~e License v. Marriage Co,ntract
. a civil contract, but it is a new relation,· an
institution· in the maintenance of which. the public
is deeply interested. Every intendrnent of the law
leans towards legalizing. matrimony; · Persons
dwelling together in· apparent matrimony are
presumed, in the·· absence -of counter-
presumption or evidence special to the case, to ,,..
be in fact married. The reasonis thatsuch.is tfte
common order of society, and if the parties were
not what they thus hold themselves out a? oeing,
they would-be living .ir:i the constant-violation of
decency.and of law. Once a man and a woman Absen_ce . renders Best - evidence to prove
have lived a~ husband and ·wi'fe and such r:narriage void ab· initio existence (not validity) of
relationship is not 'dehied nor contradicted, the except in.- 'the i:;ases marriage. ' ··.·.
.. presumption ortheir being .. married must be ·p·rovided. under Arts.· 2i ~·.' ·
. admitted.as a fact (Adong V; Cheong Seng ~ee, to 34~ ,
G.R. No. L-18081, March .3, 1922; Alavc1.do- v.
C!ty Goverttment of. Teeioben; G.R.. No. L-
..,... 49084, October. 10, ·1985; . Vda .. de Avenido v. lss0ed by the LCB Issued·· _by the person
Avenido, G.R. No. 17354_0, January 22, 2014): ·
.
!
.
..
:.
•
• • . J'
• ••
.' (FAMIL '! cpqE, ,Art. solemnizir;,g ·. the
·19): , '- · . · , marriage . ·(FAMILY
_GOD_E, Art. 23). . - .

marriage. ma_rriage.

~: . -~~rriagef~~r~mo.ny _ :
., No prescrib~d form or-. religious rite for
.. solemnization_o ~·rriage is required:·-(FA(vi/L Y
CODE, Art.-6). . .
Competent Evidence to PTi:hi·e IYJ'?ri"lage,.
i:~e Sup~em~ Court ruledin Jnnidad v,. Gf,, ,G,fj., _ ltds not· s·~fficient !_ti.at the- pa_rties e~ter,. in.IQ· an
_ No, 118_904,. April 2Q; _ 1998, . that ~.hen the ---agreement. -.._!bat they take each oth~r:~pS.
question of whetl:ier a rnarriaqe .ha been nusband .. and wife" or that .consent· be given.
: / , ._ . contracted .;' . x," arises ,.- . in -----~-A_rticl(il 2(2) .of the Family Code requires. ·that
. 'litigaijon, ~!3i? rnarriaqe' niay . · '\. l:le pro1eu by ···such ·consent mqst be givf:in.'.'·in the presence of· ·
relevant, evldence.: To prove the fa<::t of ... · the,solem.ni;iing offlcer''(R/rBUYA, supra aM86-
marriage, .' the '.fql)owing ' would ·'·:constllute .... · . 1_87.). : c .
'competent evidence:· : ':, .. . : . : . ,. r ••
a. The -testirnony of a· witness . to .the :· -·. · ( Absence- 9f Two· ·witne~ses .· .
· matrimony· . '· · · . .The absence of. 2 witnes.ssis. of, legal ag·e is
· .. _b. ·,-The coupl~'s public a·nd open cohabitation merely' af) irregularity. but' the party responsible
.: as: husband ·and·. wife after the· alleqed . for the irreg!Jlcirity'shall:be 'civilly, criminally, and
.. wed.\ock; .· . . ·.. : -, . . . . . . . ·.. adr'ninistr:atively lia.qle· (FAMJ£ Y CODE, Art. 4). ·
c ... The' birtn and the baptismal· certificates of
. ' - . · ...
childreh born du.ring st.ich union; and . · Marr,ages i?Y p.r9xy :, •...
d. The mention of such nuptial' in.subsequent · · a. ·. If it wa·s ·s·olemnized in~·the Philippines, the
documents {Trinidad v. CA, supra). ·. ,. -~ . r:narriage_ · i;> 'VOID,· .. because . physical ../
e. · A solemn staternentin the willof deceased a. appearance is required under Art. 6; · ..:..
'as · fo · the,, f~ct · o{ . t1iS·. 'm,~rria~e · .is also .. ·.· •\•• ·b. if performed ··~~.ro.a.a!.:~ ~he_ther, ,betyv_een
admissible proof of such marriagf:?-(Son Cui Filipinos· or ·.foreigners· or mixed, the_
'\
v.. Guepangco y Lim, G.R. No, 6163; March · . contro_lling article .is Art. 26 qf the F.·amiJy
14, ·1912). . . Coqf.(1 PARAS, Sf.!pra at 347!- ___. .

Not~:' The.mere· private act·of signing·,a marria~e

··: . contrcrct bears no semblanc~Jo a v,did marriage
\ . ~nd 'thus:·needs no judicial tje~laration of ncillity:
Such act· alone, witho_uf. more; cannot: be
'deemed to d:insti!ute an ostensibly __ valid

. 2019 . SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR . OPERATIONS

. . I 69
'
 PE:RS.QNS AN·o FAMILY RELATl"ONS
SAN BEDA LAW-CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019 ..
~W¥1tat1Mt;4?¥• ,.: ,2F.u:s:at#i!ffl!t?*5 ,1.¥ttff&i,, "tt(1s,v SP?4ft~.!5Mt+ a·:@e*' t' ,,;·,;...¥, w;:.. W :z»i=t,P&it :sew @+44 2i,
. marriaqe for which petitioner might be held.liable Note: Cornrrion-law ma·rriages-obtairied ·abr~ad
for __.biqamy lipless he first secures a. judicial by 'Filipinos 'are not valid : in. the. Philippines"
declaration of nullity. before he; contracts. a . (STA.MJ1.RIA,· supra at 17_2). . .
subsequent. rnarriaqe (Morigo y. Cecho v.
Peop!e, G:R .. No. 14?~?6, Febrl!_ar.y6, 2004;:. -~ Note: It is necessary to prove the fa.reign. la·w· as a
que-stion of fact arid then to:prove the celebration of ·
marric;1ge · pursuant t~ereto by convincing e·vidence
(STA.MARIA,, sup_ra at 177). . . ..
. MAluuAGE.CELEBRATED OUTSIDE.
Philippine courts. cannot take judjcla] notice of :'
·... . THE
.
)?HrIJ,PPINES
. .. .
' .
(ART. 26)
.. - · fore!gn laws, ··uke· any" other.facts.r they m~st" be
alleged and· proved. Australian marital laws.are not
Validi°ty of M~rriage. · . among those matters that judges an:). supposed to
..: .General Ruie: Marriages contra.cted outside the know by reason of their judicial function.Thepower
- · Philippines in- accordance 'with the laws.. in force-~in of judicial notice must o_e exercised with caution, and.. · ..
, ·. .. . the .. countrywhere they were solemnized are valid in every-reasonable doubt 'upon t_he subject should be: .. ; '. ..
- Ihis c_ountry·(FAM.(L Y CODE, ;1.rt_ 26, Par.. 1). · · r_esolved·in the.neqative (Gerci« v. Recio , G..R.'No -.
_ : . . .. -: :'.· .'. .' .· ,_;... ·. , i .... -~-. - ··.·. , .'- .' , : . . 1{8322, Ocioper._{ 2001). ·· ....•
In case a Filipirio·ccintrads.a'roreign marriage which": .
-~~n:i:~~-'x
. , -:' isriul' arid void [n tfie place where ·it was solem·n~eO: . ·
. the same shall also be null and void~
. Ph(l(PP(nes .e.ve~ if-such was valid if cetel5'r'ated Gnder . .
the· U·
Marriage ?f .Filipinos Abroad . · ·
It 1~,m~hd. ,Th.e·F.am1ly Code mandates thatonly a_ .
.•.b{~e ,,andr fem~le ca~ marry 'eac~ _other. =r~is is,
·

Ph1l\ppm~·1aws., · , ·_ .Z·"--~)~-th.e~eror~ya~pubhc·_po!Jcy matter wh1ch·~anriot be

._ . , · . _ . /W,:· .~--~ .
~r··.
r~nder.eg · meft~t1ye : . by .. any foreign law
If bOUi, ero fprOigno-~. lex ,lo~·;·
r.eJ_eeJb.[_r:at__lon;St,rr;fies. 176· 177; FAMftY CODE, Ari
.:/~ JS'FA,M~'R/%~~upra.at
·-.~-~ee··.C(~I~ qoD.E, ~~':..17~: _;: . f .: .:.- ., \· ~); CIV.IL, &.O[l)f)~iJ~.-15a(Jd' 1?)· ... ·. ·.- - ·· ... ·
__

.
·
Note.: The r.ule:on._the val1d1 YJ-O.l,foje1gn. macriage ·
un?Efr Art. 26-.ap"p.l[e.s on!y ~P.irio~ (SEMPIG~,
. • · .. D·~·Y, st.ipra at.2~)~ .· : .
r:: - ·

cxce~~1on~.=
: .· · , •. .- .

F?,re1.gn · m.a r~s .. s_H~I

.
~·'. . · ·(
~. .

~-l:--b.e
i.
:c
~ :: ~
A
t /~
D1vor.ce
l!i q_qfir~I .Ru~:\

}~
'\/{p}

J.
~ot~"~
\@il@ft' (?5808) Septem_b~F:2!J~ ~98).
1, · . . ._
is -not· allowed in the
Jlli t~~!l'.pp1~es (Gang,· v... p ou(f of Appe.a~s•. G.~: ·No.: -
.. . ~ .
.. · .
--· _ ...
.,

:
.

rec.9gnized m the Philip~ines ifr.(~MBARf))l\; ~ !?:~x-~ep,)o~~·. . .. ~ ... ·. ._. --: . . . . .

1 .. 9or:itracted b_y-a.nat1onal \1''!1o-1s .§elpi~~~e~s~ ·~~ -~~~n 2_ialie~~7.1f valid m }he1r-n~tJonal :laws.
of.~g.Ef~nC!·legal.capacitylo c_ont~.i:n~p1~@e) '/..~~,!t-:_1f.Jm~rn~J~·· wa·s celebrated in· the ... ·
· (FAM/f:Y.(?.OD~, Art. 35 (1})," : .. ~ .. ~~ p~1f)PPjes;-~~-~~o ·. .-: . ·· . . ·- - > '.
. .-~~~~-~~:. ~-h~·. ~h.ili~pine~·. ~e~.e~- t& t~1~~~;;,;F~l\~-: ~~~i~-;~~~a~::. ~e-le~rate9 . :> .·: ·_.
that_:th~ marr.y1_ng·.cap.ac1ty":of_th§..~2bt :;~~-1.-·(-<QQEe~~n a .F!lipmo c1lizen. and· a. for~1gn~r; ..
. P~[l1e~·.1s:governe9_by,the·nat1onaftlaw ~(_J~at
. ,.. pafty, wh1cl) is the.Philippine Law-(ST~A~~yahdd1vorc:;e acc:;ordmg to the nati~nal law
M· ~\a~:-·: .. · . · :··· .· .-· . ·,. · < .,
~_uprci a.t 169). · · . · .. . · . - . ". - .of -the foreigner is .. ~b\g1Jie9 .abroad.-b,y .the
· · .. · . . " .. , '. · · · . ·- ali~n . sp!-:)use. tapacitating ·-·Nm-.:or :her tc{ · ,,
'Not~-: Tnis: e~c.eptibt:i shouid be ·constru:ed a$ - remarry.(FAMIL Y CPDE, .Art. 26,.par. 2-·as .
. referri[lf: to . 13· '·.:situation·. where·, ;both . the - ) · .. · amf!_.n_dea.byEO:'Nr:i.· 227- (19$7));;or .,
.co~f~~-c_ting :'·p_artie_s' to. a: marriage ·abfo-~d' ar!:) ' . : ;. C ... A Fp"rei'gn ' Divo.rci:;_ :.s'ec.Lifed·: by '~'' Filipino . .'
· Fi!iPj~o··citize.~s (STA MARIA;· sup_t~°J:1t-.170). · . Against a _F.oreig·11 ·spot.is~ is -_Valid:·-· A.'. ·
.,· • • • ·. ·: . < .. • _ . >. . . . ..:_ . :· .. -, · F!lipijio-cjti~e.n,ha.s.Jhe:.capi3city·to:rerri~Jrry· ·.
. 2: ·!nf~slu"qus· m?rri~ges (FAMILY,CQ[JE, Art/37); ·-: ,··· u_nder Pliil_ippine ravZatte:r initiclting . a divorce' ··
3. · c.?~~ract~d' _thr.pug~. M_i~take· o( o:ne'. p1=1rt~~n35 · to · ·. p_roceedin·g v ·: abro,ad- ?Cl~ o~\aining- a1
._. the-1aent1ty 'of the other (F~MIL.Y C<;)DE, Art: 35. · . f?v~rabl~ j~dgment: against, his ·0r- her.alien
- · · •. !".~ (5)F" : :· - .. · . . . · · ·: · . . . - spouse-, wtio ·. is ·,._capacit~ted . to .. remarry·
:4., .§ig~mOUS;Or- pol.yg~[l'.ious -exce.pt. a·s. proviped·in· .. . ~ · (~(}.p_uqlic. v . .Af.ana/o, G.R:-No. 221029, (l.pril .. _, .. ·
. : ·· ·.;Ar(,4.f·(PA'MILY.··CObf;,·Art:;·35.-/4.)J/" '-:·. - : · ~- .. : . ::: 24;.. 2~1:.8)< :=" . ··:_ ..;· .. ' ..
5. ·.'<Contracte·d · - fqllciwihg tt:ie· : Arinulmeht . or . ; ....
' : ci.etlai"c!tiOi'i°6friuliity."6f a:p/ev'ro~i""s-marriage bu.t ' : ·Note::T.he p~rp6se of'P..ar~g.raph-2:cif Article 26·i~·t;
0

. . . before partition'(FA_MIL Y COPE,- Art.35 (9)); .. ·avoid the.'absurd situation where.the Filipir::o.;potJs~
6 .... ~.henJ -~ny .o_f · th~ . party, is :'.EsychologiE:ally /e"m_a\ns married 't0 the alien· spouse who; after a
. mcapa_c1ta,ted when the marriage was celebrated forefgri divorce decree that-is.effective in Jhe cou~try
·- ·(FAM/LY C.QDE,: Ait 36); ~.nd · .. · · w.here it "."a·~· renderedi is no longer mc1rried to th·e · •.:•
. · . 7. Marriage· i.$ void by. reason . of _Eublic pbli~y ·. Filipino spouse, The provision is, a· ~orrective
· ·. (FA!v1/LY GODE, Art. 3~}: . · 1 measure to ·address ·an anomaly: wh·~re th~ Fi!ip,ino

\ ..:

~O j' ·2019 S~N B!=DA LAW.CENTRALIZED BA_R-O~E~TIO.NS.

 ... P.ERS.ON.S AND: FAMl·-LY· RE.LAT.IONS
; . SAN BEDA 0W G:E!JTRIILIZE_D_BAROPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2019 -. • .
·1e.:1 I',:: ¥¥.. w,w aN,m:~fk >c,M '¥¥! ss·AZ'.P ,e !!Si&;a;;1se4en :•.,::s pc; ,-ssn•.; S'ii' IP. §fit¥: sM 06%iis@w e:;,s'}it, :4&SIM

. spouse is tiedto the· "marriage while the. foreign
spouse is. free. to 'marry under the Jaws of his or tier
country (Republic v. Manalo, G.R. No.-221029, April
?4, 2018). . allowinq 'it, which. must 'be proveq as courts cannot .
Wheth.er the Flllpino spouse Initiated the foreign
divorce proceeding· or not, a favorable decree.
dissolvin_g "the" ma'rri~g·e bond-and cap.acitating .his or
'· her _alien spouse to remarry will have the same
. re:sult-tne Filipino spouse \viii 'effectivelybe' without
· <a husband or wife. /,\-Filipino who initiated a-foreign
. 'divorce' proceeding 'is in the same place and in "like.
circumstance- as .a. Filipino who is at" the. recelvinq:
end of an alien-initiated proceeding. Therefore,' the ·.
subject prcvtslon.sftould not make 9 distinction. In:
hath instances, it' is. extended . as .a means to
recognize.the residual .effect of the" fo_reign 'divorce .•
. dee::i-ee on Filipinds whosemarltaltiea to .their alien.
spouses are severed by 'operation of the latter's
- national law (Republic v. Manalo, G.R. No. ·221029,
. Aprii· 24! 2_D{8)::.
Proof of Divorce ·.,... ·
.Party pleading it must 'prove- divorce as a fact and
·demonstrate its· conforrnity to the foreign Jaw
take 'judicial notice of
foreign laws. If. a valid· divorce
decree- has been obtained abroad, there is no more
.need to file an action to nullify the marriage (Felicitas
-· Amor-Cetelen v, Ck, G.R. No. _167109, February 6,
2007). · . . .
. Philippine courts will only deterrnlne.rt ) . whether the
fore.ign judqrnent is inconsistent. with an ~overriding
-publlc policyin the. Philippines: .and ·(2) whether any·
alleging party is·able to. prove anextrinsic ground to
., repel the foreign "judgment, .i.e. want' of jurisdiction, ' ..
"want of notice to the party, _collusion, fraud, or clear
mistake ..of Jaw or-,fact. (Fujiki v, Mar.ir:iay, q.R. Np.
196049, June 26, :2013)'."
,, "":"'
. .
. 1rt'~rp~e~atl6n ot"Ai1:. 2~·(2) of'th~·Family C~de . ·
. . Art. 2·5 (2) ·alf0wing_ for:divbrce _appliE;)s wner~ parties
·
1
were Filipino'citizens ·at the time of the marriage was
celebratef' and later ori, ·one of them becomes"
naturalized as a foreign citizen and obtains a.divorce ,.,
decr~e: The're9~oning pqin_t is t~~iir citiz~nsJiip· at the
'time,tffe-valid't;iivorce is obtairied abroad by the alien
spouse capa~{~ing _t_he·:1atter to re.marry (Republic·. -
v, Orbecidtt·{'1'··_tyo.· 154~~0, O~tober 51 2095): .
·.·:A filipino;;vhJ ba~ ~~e~. :d\v~r9"e.~.
~Y-,!Ji:s:ai·i~n·spo~s.e.
abroad ~ay '{.alidli_remarry in the· P~ilippioes.'even if ·
tne ·r:~ageJ-"Yas\solemnized befor.e_ the Fam_ilX .
. Code oot<effecc-"~'er:narriage:tie, when.severe.9 - .
· a..s: to. one~p~<ictY, 'eeases to. bind either'. A husband ..
· wlthout • a, -wife,· or a' wife without ·a-husband, is · ·
.; unknown "to" the law ;..'There is no need to retroactively
agply Art ~6 para_grap~ 2_ of-the F-_amily C~de,.~ince
i~-...:~:th'ere is ..st1ffi:Cient· jurisprudefntial ba~i~HJll0wing the
Court. to rule·· "in the· ·c!fficmatfve· (San~. Lu{s v.
Sagalongosl'· G._R'
.
. No_: 13402_9,. February .6, -2007).

. Cap~'city .. to . Re111atry must be- state_d . in the

. 'De.crEfe of Div"bi:._ce : · .. .-- · ·. -. . ..... , . .. .
There
. . . must. be.. a showing' that . the. . divorce
. . decree
. )
gave the. for~igner ~pouse legal c.:ipacity to.remarry
becau~~ in ·.some "jurisdi.ctions, · .remlrriage-rtjay be··
' Non-applicability of AiM. No, _o1::"11-1 o.sc . . . -:··. ~, . limited _o( prohibited (G/rc;la ··v: · R~cio;-:rG.R1 No.
·i:tie provisions.of A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC -applvin a · 13832-2, October,2,· 2001). : ·. ·
case. involving reccqnition' of _a: foreign decree of - . ··-
.

<. divorce .. A . decree of absolute divorce procured

, .· · abroad is different from annulmentas defined by our .
Tne.legislativ~ -intent-is-'for ·t_M benetlr.ot the .-Filipino
spouse: by dar1f9rng .his or her marital status, settling .
family laws. A.M. No. Oi·11-fO-SC only covers void. . · the· · doubts-: ·cleated ·, b>C the . divorce
·and· vojdable · marriaqes · that-are specifically cited .. aecree., Es.seritially;· Art. 26 (2):··qf. the. family .Gode
· arid .. --·e.numerateds." in. the. Family Code. of. the ... provided the Filipino ··spouse.·a .substantive tight to
Philippines") "(Republit:; v~ Co!e, : G.R: No. 2_12860, !)ave . his·. or. h~r ·'r:narriage ... to: th~ alien.- spouse
·-March 14, 2018): considered as dis:,olVe_cl;. cappcitating him or her to ·
' . ' -
· remarry (Cqrpuz v. Sta.· -Tom.as, GR. No. 186571,···.
August 11, 20.10).: :_ .. , · · ·.· :· · .
. . .

2019.SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED .BAR OPERATIONS· I 71

 ·PERSONS·-Al\lD FAMILY RE..LATIONS
'- SAN. BEDA LAV:' CE!'JTRALIZED BAR OPE(!ATIONS -·MEMORY AID 2019 .

Exceptions:· .
VOID-MARRIAGES ' 1. Art. 35, (2): · Either of the contracting. parties is in_ -
: good faith. -in believing 'that the solemnizing
(i\RT.~ .'35) officer has authority alttJough he has hone. in ·
fact; and .
Void Marriag·e 2: Art. 11·: A person whose spouse disappears f~i-
A vo\d m·arriage .is that which is not valid from its . 4 consecutive years, or two years 'where there·
inception. (STA ..MARIA, supra 'at 206). . . . · . .. was dancer ofdeath, the present- spouse' may
validly mar.ry again-aftec. he-or she; . . -
· A rriarriaqe that is. void 'et: initio is considered as . a.· Has. a well-founded belief· that his or her
'having never to have'taken place' and cannot be the . spouse is dead; ·. > .,_ • '
so~tce·. of rights. lt-can.never be ratified (Nffla/ v: b. Procures :9 judicial declaraiion of
Bayadog;-G.R. No.'1'33778, March 14; 2000) -. ·. ., 'presumptive death; and .
._, c. At <the ,lime . of., the .. subsequent marriage
RTC has Exclusive .Jurtsdictlon in All Actions ceremony." is in .good faitn with · the ·
iriY~lvir:ig the Contract of ,Marriage . . . .. subsequent ' . spouse; otherwise. the
J'. . R1~-' has jur.isd!ctioh· to, <rule '.'orL, the- yali9_ity · of - . _;. ·_ V~OY.lpd:·s_·equent
marriaqe .sh<;1II b"e·_. c~'n:ii1.er~d· .
• ,· ..-1 marnag~ solemnizedand eelebratedby the ..Church.
pursuant to· the- provision gf the Family · Code. · ~- . ~ ; · , .

· -~ ·
A!thqu:gh, marriaqeis considered a sacr~ment-in•tl,e ·
Ca!Jiolic Ghurch: it has civ.W~nd. 1e·gal· con~.e~~ce·s
wh1,c_h. ar_e<.govemed. by me , Fai:i].il9.<<so~~~s
·lJ. - - ln;.tqese two cases, .the good faith even of only one
?{
...,.va4~.
!r,e ~0!')trac~ihg .. parties :shal\ ma~eJhe · rnarriaqe ~
70_~e _y_9~d; bothof the contracting pa-_rties must
pe,t1t_1_~i:i.er _ S~:~ef:ll~ p_ointE:_9 .~~t, the?-h~ta,._ii!}~titi~ . . _ · ·q~ .-1~ .b_~fail\_(fAMIL'(. GqDE, . Ar,f. ~4;. STk
only s~~~-s t~ n~)l1fy ,~h~·~arna.~~o~tr~c~etw~; :SUP.;,~!'24:0).. . .. .· · · ·.
the-parties aspostufated in t.h~Fam1ly1.Godesdf. the_. jt , . . ·"""·...~ ~\ · · · ·.. , ·
P~i.l\pP!ii_e·s;.·:-~flcj _t~e· decl~~~J10~· n~_llit/ ,_:of !~1°>" . 'X' .·1Jrwesc{i~tibi)it~.J?t\A~t1.o~, for. Dec·l~~9tion . of
. par~1e...s .. m~rr~~ge_: in ,the rehg}JDUS af'!~fecclls1astic~I. ~ ·NaJhJy ,1 \.( l"'). . ·· ··· . · . · ·
aspect 1s_ ~nother matter. NptpblY, me pyo~ee.diog · :<'". r · T~~ act10 o~ def~se for the_ declaration of aps.oluf_e
for churc~ annulme~t ~hich.i~~c?rdanctwith_tti~ If · 1~l_1ti·_of a mamige sh~II not_ prescribe (.FAMILY
norm~:o~-~-ano ..~:L:a":"'·1~ no_tJ~1~~nf~p~~:t~~ .S
as...-t~~,coµp~e 1s ~till ~q~·~,t1~1£·marne?n't~·~~ch~Uimt(- -,~,
~~?'
.J~ _' · ,:·· · · : -
1
11;1~!/:)E,.!f.n. 3~, .a s1~mil'de~by~-~--N~: 8~3_3)..

~, , -·:. ·. _·
,·
": .
. - <?_t~e_r 1n t~~·-e~es-of the c1~1_1\a:Y:'~'r.{us, ~~Wm;ic1ple ~ .O.nlY,;_i®Sp9~=\e-5 c~i:i :·File·· ,P.~tibo!" .. for·.-_
?f: sepa~at1on- .of the· churclitansJ.\sta~R~S :'noffif Hi~eclcy7.AI0.p of,full~ .·~ . ~ .·. . ·. . ', . .··-
. applicc)tio'n' .in-·thi_s ~ase·'.'(Ti7a~'(-· :ilar,.. 'G;:~:. 9~· ~~(.~f~~~t~.Ap: ~(). 02:1:1.-:107SC (~C Re-s9lution··
~1~~29,:_J_(JJ.J-2'..z_o17). ·-;., · ..·. - ·\J) ·-· · W.ljJ.~5pl5.~ft~~t C?n .March_·15,-20~3). a p~t_itiori. fqr:
__ _. _ . · . . -,:-, _ . -; ·.. _-.· ,.'.. ,' ~. . , . · · •. ·. . -. . -~cl?.,E-a~10.~ ef .abi:;_o)~fu. n.u!hJy,Qf vo1p _ mar~1ag~. i:r,ay .: . -
.. K.12d~:,<~f ~Old _l'ylar,n~ges· (L~P:IS):, ·_ 7-: -~ scru1\ne,e~~d;).~~1y-b_y.)liEl h:u,sb~-lil~ ·or>lne':Wlf~:.' T.tjus, . <·.
~ 1. _Th.o.se_~?.~tr~~ to·;a~ 9q~.u~h~R91.if¥1': ·.. ·. _ ·. ·, _ ~~Qul!orJ:~ ._1.1t~:5tate;__J)eir~s .can q_uest1or:: Lh~_ : . ,.·
_2. -~_bs_ence-of ~s·en~1a.1 0dormal'requ,s1!G)f) , . y.a!ffit~ ·_.?f )Ji;,:m?rrJag_~- of _-th~. spo~.s.e~;·. not· If"!: .a· · .- ·
3.-. -~)ther,· of . . the ·.·pa'rtie·s · is ·.e.sy.c~ol691!i_l11x .. ).,,{ ,B(Pf~~9,i~,:for:·d\'!fl?rc/t.1on,-6f ~.ullitY~ :~tJt _up·ori' t~$ ...... -
,· .... 11191p~sitated;_ .. • · · · .· , . · . .tV l.J.o5qfr~:spo~s~.m:a pr.qe~ed1ng-for. lqe: ~ettlem_Eli:it
·... - 4. · !_nce~tupti"s .ma~riages; ·ahtk .. ,. ' >-:, - .
·_ ·/ .. _
ofl:".tne. ~stat~;of Jh:e:.dece<ls.e~ spo:use,. ~1.e'ch in: the;-. ..
· · .. 5 .. ·Vqict~ub~equei:it marri~ges, , . ::,,,, ·> · ·reguJarcourts. (Enrico·v.-.H~irs o(Nf~d/(Jaf;.eli,'G.R:.:
·. · ·-.,_::, .· · · .... ,,··:·/·_;. · ~·:· ,,··. ·.' .··.·. . .fY6:·1:l.~6.1.1;,Septe,mp$t-28, 2001f~_',' ~ .. ',···. < .. ·t
~. . : Gen'~r:al~'-Rule: ' Good . faith· an'e: i. bacl1-"'raith •, are .' ·. .. . .. '< . ;, ·.;-' .·.'. :, :. . ,, . . .. .
. . immat·erifuJJfl qe.termining \iiihether}:ir.:not'a marria·ge . Exc_eptio·~: . · _C_ases for.·, ··nullity-- Qf: _(llarriage·.
is'~ull•:;iri'd vqjc:J,.'.ttie partf.Whc(l<riew'.that tie otsh"e / eomm~nc~d. PRJO~··t.<;:i._March-.15,.',20,P3: by.-,p.e(spns. ~ · .
'was _·_~ritetfr1g .:~· .. void: ('mfurdage:"·'.p'efore'')ts .. · .. -... .at.h~r.';. th.an ... th~; h.~spand ·_a~d:,·:wife .. _.'.(Girl~s. :v. · - _.·: ··:
.sole::m_rnzation maybe held-liable for damages by the Sancfovql! G.R. No .. 179922, Deeember- 16;.2008). - · ·
.. · · 9the.r_ Contracting pg,11:ty unp°er-'}\r.ts-. ··1 ~; 20 'afld· 21 of ·. . . . . ·. - " · . . .- . -'.-. . ·. J · ' . ·: '. . , : ':·· . .,
. · f!ie,Civil Code. · .. ·.· ·: .'. < . . . . , · ·,::, ·, .. : •.:" '. - . . · · · De~l_c\r<1tio.11 of N\illi.ty·Not a·P.r'ejudici~!;Question.
· · <" ·. . :".. . '... · · · . ·. · . ·. . .. _.:- . ·.
The pe1;-ide.ncyof thEl .ci','.il·actibn for'nullity of the· ffrs.t .. ·
'N.qJ~.=.1~1$/h~~ri§ !ti~.t. ~~~- !1()ili~f 0{)1 mairiage c_an _: . : r:n~r~i~g~ 'qp~s ,not; pos_e:~ .·pr_ejµqic:;i,al .. q~~~!io,n ip a. .
b~ _i3s:s_e~ed··.ei;,en~·1f 1l_'1s"'hot 'thECmain ·dr principal· · .. cnrn1~ql· 9a~~.:for.cqne,ub1naQ.~;,"(~e/t,;€)n ,v.):People, .
. ~S.,S.!-!~_bf ~--~a.::;_e:'NR;_er~vio~is.Jt.idici§I d¢daratio'n:'of . f3,.~.' f-!o. ~Jl-~67; _June. 20, .2000). ~y an'c3logyrthi;5 ·
rfu_llity,.is,'. r~quirecJ·b'y law with. respecT'to":ariyottier.. . . ~uhn,g·app(~es m-~·Ci3Se.for b,igamy S!QGe_ bqlh.eri_mes·.-
. ~att,~r.wli'~'fe·:(~:e i.~SU~·_of t~~:yoid_ne::,S-'<?f a'~atriag'e . , . · pr.es_uppos:e \he SUb,sistence _Of. a ·marriageJ(?bbis. V•.. : ~
1~_·.pertiner:it or matepa.1, e1the.r. directly'or 1tidrre'Clly .- B_ob.1s, :GR: No.13850ft, Ju_ly 31, .2000).. · · . ·.
(STA.Mf\RIA,supra,·at 211).- . ,.. ' . ·
Re;;pon·dent. cannof be permitted to use tiis own
mqlfea.~ar:ice to . d.efeat "the criminal action· a'g·ainst.
him when· it w~as res~o'rid.ent'i:; clear inte~t- to.. obt~in·

'• .
. 72
. , · 2019'SAN BEDA LAW'CENTRALIZED
. BAR OPERATIONS
. .
 PE-RSONS AND FAMILY RELAil:ON-5 •

'- SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS -~MEMORY AID 2019
' i. •

..
. t!!l>!M#fri@&SP&+? i&!@ t9i fffi4*14 &3#FtMYWM W@@®A'"; otiW ; .diffi"it&E,, ,4¢%MiWtt'.?i'id&H¥&"tif MWfkSM AA,tsM&@urE
:.... ... . .
a judicial declaration of nullity of his first. marriage_ Reason·: Parties to· a marriage ,should. not be
ard:thereafter to invoke that very same judgment to P.~rinitted tq: judg~'-· for themselves< its nullity, only
prevent his prpsecution for bigamy. He Gannot have competent courts having ·-such authority .. Prior to·
his cake. and eat it too. Otherwise, all that an such-declaration of nullity;. the validity of the first ·.
~dvenfurous bigamist has· to do is to disregard ;Ari: ma~riage is beyqrid q\jestion (M_ontafiez-v,-Cipriano,
40_ of the Farnily Code;. 'contract a su_bsequent G.R. No: 181089, October 22, 2012). . · ·
marriage and :.escape ·a bigamy charge: by simply ...._
claiming that the first. m,arriage is void 9nd tha_t .the _·.Elements.of Bigamy:·.·
:subsequenl mar,riage is _equc!IIY, void fo~--!ack-- of' a . 1. The offender has-.been legally married.·· ..
prior ~ecla"ration .o,f nullity of·the 'firsf (Bobis. ',(. Bob is, 2. · The marriage tias'-rJot be-en legally. dissolved. or in
GR. No: 138509, July 31, 2QOO). . - · - . case his 9r her. spouse . is abse·nf;-:- the absent"
•: .
.,. •• \ .1 .....
; spouse : couTd . ·not'-, yet· .be: presumed· "a~~d.
. . Attacking a Void Marriage . .- according.to the Civil.Code. · "- , ··.- ·. · ..
', .· · .. General Rule:· A- voi.d. marriag~ ·can be:·attacked . · ·3, The offendec contfa~ts :a se_cond or"su__bsequent
. . .~ollaferally·(STA. MARiA, :siJpra at i92).: ·. ·.. : . J.. m_arriage; and ,•. ·, ·. : . ·... ; : ·, . . . . . :
. :··4., The second ·or ·sub_sequenf niarr'iage has all· the·
. Nbte;·· 1n a case for° co~cubinage,.. t~e aCCL!Sed. n~ed · i ·. essentjal requisite_s for:'validity (2_-8_&YE$, .The···.
not p·resent _a· finar jLidgme~t peclari_ng h1f rriarriage · '· Revised Penal Code. (2012), p. 972):- ·,: ·· .
·~. - ~
. v_oid;- fpthe-can adduc~rnvicience in the criminal case ,
· of the nu.llit{of his r'narria'ge otb_er-ih,;i'h proof of a final · · G,~iity of Bigamy ... ,
'judgment declaring·· hfs. marri~ge VQid (B~ltran v, General _Rule: One who" 'ehters mtca subsequent,
. People, G;R .. No, 1-37567,. June 2d; 2000J: .· . ·· riiarri~gE: ·. without- . first · .b_btaining · such ·judicial
I·-, . declaration is guilty of biqarny.: 'This principleappfies
Exceptions: , . · . ·· : ,. , even ~if· the· earlie'r:. union :i~ characterized by stat~te.
'Direct attack, not a collateral attack, on the nullity of as "void'": (Manuef.-.v. People, G.R: · No. 165842, .
. . ... · a-inarri13ge_ ~~st firs~ be· un·~ert?ken_ ll"!~en: /·· > No.vemb-er 29~.2005}.' · · .. . · · · · ·· .. . .
1 ... A person in a void marriage wants. to remarry; in ~ · · ·· · .' · .: ·· ·. · · . ·1
· suchscircumstance, he must firsf(il~"a'1:ivil case .,..,. The requireme1t for a declaration' of-abi~lu1e i1011it/
· .. · to obtain .. a-judicial declaration of nullfty.-.of t!)~,... ·. a
qf _mar~ia{e)~i-ls0/or the protection .C?_f t~e '~po.u.se
fir_?t.rriwriage_(FAMIL '(G_ODE, -~f40);Y · . who, bel1et1ng. tnat his or.her rnarnaqe is 1Hegal and:
. :2. 01:itaining a. ·judicial'·· de'clarat1oh ··,of ~Jllity -fm .' ·~9.iq, ·m~}ie~ $~a.i.r.)A'.itl1._th~.'j.udicial -~-~:C.larciti~m of;·
·pun:i'ose~:.. oth er . tharr relfarilage (legitimacy, ; '. : .the nullify of bis 0. her !!)8rrtagct the- person .. who
seltlernent of. estate, ·csirninal ---casetw.)1en tt;ie. , marries again canno_ be charged· with biqarny. ~
. · ·y?lidity of the : marriage is · af). i§.sl!le'i' (plifif;Jii\ '. jl.fdiciaTheelar'aii6n'bf·riullity is required.before a vali'd
·Baya_dog, G.R.· No. -_133778; ·March 14,-.2000): subsequent · marriage .· ~n oe"-'conttacted;,,br. .etse,
.; arid . · , . ;.'. ,. . . . · .. . what
\ 1 . transpires'
' . -is.
. \ a · biqarnous . ,,,, ··marriage,·
. .. .
. \. 3.-, If a donor desires' to :rev.oke a. d.ona~ion bropter reprehensible: and immoral -(Teves' v. -Pe9ple, · G.R/ .
:-·. nupt_ia5r (i,n .cbnsid~r~tignof ~h~ ·ma~i~e) _.9iv-7.n ·---N.o,.-1_ 887-l~·August 24; 2o:1.1; lwasawa·:.l( Gangan; \
1-.

· to or:ie or both the spouses on the grouna that G:R . No; 204169, Septerhberf.1, ?013J> ·>- ·: · •
. th<:: marriag·e Js vbid~·(F.AMiL Y COD~rt. 50 in , . ·· · --. :-··
relation._to,Arts . .4::3,<par. ·3 aryd 86; pa,:._.1) .. _- Exceptiqi1,YA jtfdicial.· d(;lclaratici_~ of~;_nullity;:is- .not• .-
.. , . ' . '. • . : . I' . ~··· . • , ·, ·- - . rieeded::woenh,.o· inarria·ge· ce_rer'horjy at all: was.
. ·. · · · ·.J.udiciaJ Declaration ofl'!4lliiy .. ··:·. -~ . ·... . perfcfrme·d by_~_duly authorized solemni_~ing officer,
· The·absolu.te nullity .ofa: pr,evious tnarriag~. may .be as . where: the' · p·a/fi~s·· -·merely. -.'sigri·e~ ,·a· -'marriag~
invoked for' p·urposes": qf rernarri9ge .. qn· the- ·basis contract on' their ciwn without _the presence of the
solely" of'~ .'final. jddgmeQt declarif19· such ·previous ... · . _'solemnizing . officer ,(tvtorr'go· V People, _µI{,: .No .. ·, :.
marri_a.ge-vo~d '(FAMILY CQDE; Art. '40),,· _ _145?.26,_February,°6;:-2004f.:·· : .. :., ..1 ~:.· \s ::-.' '. ·:. '
"t··
.. .
..
. .
.·.
.
.

~
- .
('. ~ . .
N-~t~:.,0.th~r--.Jh~~ .. for· ;~;~6-~~/~(re~'arr\ag@, rio . · 1. 'Void Mari'iages.pu'e'Jo Abs.ehce ofAny:_o~the
judicial action is' necessary to:declare·ir m;miage a_n· Essential . or· _:Formal Req·ulsJt.es ·. (FAMIL'(
. · absolute nuility. F_orother;i:>Ufpose~.-such.as ·b,ut not '_too·E,-ArC35): (18-AtBl-53):' '. ·._ .. '1 .
limited· to deterrriination · of heirship; legitimacy or a: ·'Those . conttacted by: cl~Y-.-party below:·
iliegititnac.y'"'of, a ... child, .. s~ttlemen·t 9f. . estate;. , . eighfe~i:i· (18): years,iorage- everi:w,thJhe · .
dissolutio_n"ot property regime,· cir a criminal cas¢-for .. 'corisent of parents ·or guai:dians;· -.:
lhc)t matter, the.court may pas.s u'p6n 'thei validjty .of · , b. Thosl:!·soleinnized by any p·erson,not Jega(ly
inan\:ige ey'en; · in a swif. not direcuy,-:j.nstitufe~no . ~uthorized to pelioriit marr.i'ages ·. uhles_s
qu.E:stiori_.the same· s?.·_long as it is essenti91 to 'the,_ . such 'marriages were contracted with either
determination of tbe case. (Niijal v, Baya_dog, G.R. - qr. both pa_rtie~. t:ielieving irf goqd 'faith· that
· No. t33l.'l8, Marc/J 1{ 2000).. . . . . the ,solemnizing . officer . h°i:i°d the;·~ legal
. auth'ority to.do so; . . . :
·>c. Thos_e .so!e.mf)i4-ed:. wi_th_ouJ 1,icense,--except
. those covered by the. preceding Chapter;
' . ' .
2019. SAN BEDA. LAWCENTRAL[ZED
, . ~ BAR
. OPERATIONS-
•, . .I 73
 PER.SON.S·A·ND. FAMILY RELATIONS.
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS~ MEMORY AID.2019 ,

d. Those §.igamous or polygamous marriages E;ffect of Reappearance of Absent Spouse·

not failing 'under Article-a f; · General Rule: The subsequent bigamous
e. Those contractedthrouqh mistake. of one m·arriag~ _under Art. · 41 of the·. Family Code
contracting party as to, the [dentity of .the. remains valfd despite reappearance of the
other; .anc · · . . - . ·abse(ltee spou.se. · ·
f. ·"ThOS§.'S).Jbsequent rnarriaqes that are void
· · under Article 53 (FAMILY <:;"ODE, Art. 35): · Exception: Subsequent· m_arria,g,e :' . is
. ., . . . . automatically terminated 'if. the .reappearance .
Genera] Rule: A marriage contracted by any was recorded in· a sworn statement in the civil
.. person d.ur.ing ·th_e subsistence of a previous · registry of the. residence of the parties· to the
· 'valid marriaqe shall ·be null and void (FAMILY .subsequent marriage at. the Instance of any
CODE; ·Art:''41; Gomez v. Lipana, G.R. No. C- interested' person with due notice to said
23214, -June 30, · 1970; Republic .v. Nerceoe, spouses, without prejudice .to.' the tact of
G:R. No. 182760, April 10, 2013J, · reappearance _being_ judicially determined in
- ', case SL!Ch tact is disputed, (FAMILy CODE, Art.
· Exception: Before · the celebration of 'the 42):. · · ·
. subsequent marriage, . a declaration of · , . \ , . ,
P'.r~su111ptiy$ death .. rri'ay . be:. obtained . 9fter Ex~~·pti<>[!S to
the' exception: .. .,
. tom prying· wfth ... the following requirements:': .. ' a. If 'the 'first :·mwriage has. already .· been
(SAB) _ · . , ~an[lulled · pr has· ·b.een declared 'a nullity
a. Present spouse. musrjflle a
~.§.u~r~ry._·u 'l\_ 1 (~MIL_Y·C,OP-E,A_rt.42, par: 2); . . · . ·
proceedi~g for · the declarat~io · o~e . 1.
yb.1')~t~~~orn st.a~~m_ent of:t~e. re~ppearan~e
p_re~!-J~pt1ve d~at~·.of the ab'!en_ife w-'"9ut~ i~o~]~orped .!n the .. c_1v1_1, registry _ot_th:,
prejudice to ,the' latter's re,iPl?~~ran e; . · ~- .. ~ubie~,.i:i,ent spouses' residence; ·• ·, · : . .:
.b. ~bse.nce of the . bth~r iQo·u~vrrfu~t..h~Ve j}. ." ·~··c~f\tf)~e.Js no...::~oti~e to .the subsequent
b~en · for 4 consecut1v.e,€e1irs/Qr t2 ·
year~ . k · w · ~p~~~s;~o'r .- · . :. · . . . . ·, .. . ·
· ~here t_he're wa~ · q-{n.get'efJ/d.eath upd~r , I!~·Ii\\.. -d,- · l{t~e-ta.1So~e~ppearan9e is. d.i~p·u,ted ·i_ri-_the· . ·
c1r_cl!mstanc~s laid .,o~irt. 391 of the ~. · . · . rope-r\o~tslo!_law, and r:io Jl;lclgment ts yet_ · -
_NCC; _and . . ·L. · : . "" ~--, tJrni .- . rf~dere~ p;..-.Q.~,~firming •.. s,uch · fact of ..
. '• c. 'Well-f~unded §elie~_ortht presen -sp~Gf~ ~ _·itappea,~a~ce;lfa.otqs V. sa1;.tos, ·GR. No.
-· · '."'.~o w1~he~-~o .remar~,1tH9it ab?en spo~se,mnmrmf~ .. -, 187061J:Oct91e,~ ~·- 20·14):.. ,· ._ . ~ - . .
·JJ.· ·,:· - .
. • ,• . :,: . •' ·. . . ·\·(_()i- x~ . . ,. ~-
-. 1s.?lre.ady_dea9,(Ff\·Mlt:-Y...(;_OD~41-,

. Note.: ;h~ _well~_founp~d_. 'ehef 111\~.e ~~.fl ee's~

... '$'"..:::.~
·:1r,t}_; Np.tl~·
~-
·~
...r·t?it~e
:i a~~~te.e-reappears, 'b~t:no: st~p is
t~!{@; to. -~rmin_~t/ _the ·?ubs~qu~n~_ r:r,arn?g~
· death requires. the- presen , spouse t9 p'i=o~ ·~~ . i· / ,d.e11Me. b'lf. affidavit or by cour:t ac.t1<?n', ~he
. ,.hi~/~·er. Q_t;'lli~r-. \'{~S- -the r~§Ult',.of,. tigehya~,~{~ritee's. merfreappear.a~ce. eten,,.if m:ad.~
,· rec;1s.on_aple eJforts.t9 locate,the abse_n_t ~p~~e,~YE'l..Yr\\f>,.~~l<o'!iP~to .-t~{.sp~u_s~_?·:· in:, the_ .s~~-sequen.t·
_ and t~at b~sed. on these eif~ts _andjJ!.,EJ.U!ne~~.]i~rp.~~1IJ..nott~rminate:~uch~marnage_(SSS ·,,· .

· ··the --absent · spou~e 1s alr.eady~e'e,ct.[ It M'!\..\~\.~·:\,- ;

-'. he/~h~ b·e1ie_x~s ...that-<u~9~r- t~e ~.l(CW~a1c~~\~!'3~_~!R.No. -1.6~545,:Marct,.24, 2op6) .. ·.

nec.~~si~ates ·exe_rti.on ·.of. active·, effort~. _a -1 V!f)->~c.!ar~ti?h ; ..

· · · ·. ·.· · ·
?f
. ·. . , -
_p_~es~inptive ·. ·~:,de_a~~
.- p_ass1v~ _onf3· .(R.~pµbltc· v: .Caqtor, ·.~R-~mll).~'.d,1ately.exec~tory.- . ·. · .- -.· ·.
·,1846?-t,, .Qecembw 1-0,. ,-201~; ReP,_ublic. v. . 'By- ~xpress pro'yision;: the Jud~j'mei;:il of:t.he·:court.
,,· T.arripUS/G.R.·No., 214.243, March 16; ·2016).· · . 'in:a s~,rnm.::ir.y_proceeding declarinifpresumptive
.t . . . . .,· d~.ath shall be··imrne~diately .fin_f!I anc;J 'exe~utory
· Re~son:. Thi_s· is, lnterjded · to pr_otect-'tri¢ present = (FAMILY.: CQDE, Art. .-247). ·-rnerefore; 'since: tbe'
. . spotjse fr9m' Grirriinal -prose'¢utior'f fo_r,·, o,igamY . j1,1dgi;nent.)s :.irrime,eiiately fihal ,an_d:, e?(eCC!tor'y,
. . under ·;f\rt._· 349:.of· the -Revised Penal co-ae: · .'. appeal is riot ~-n
avaiiable.remedy: ..An ~ggrfeved_
· . . . ·However.,'·· if< the · ~igamous· ·:' marriage · :wci$ .,, - a
· : 'party'may file p·etitiqfi fo(ceit!Qrarito :qi.i,esti0n .
. · cbmmitted abroad, the. guilty P?rty._cannot be· . ab-!,i1,e of. discr.etion-. aniciunti(ig· .to lac!< -qf .
. criminally ' pros.eG"J.Jted: . .-for : '.big~my. '._.jfi-;_ the. . ~ . ' -·juriscl_ictidn/ ~uch petition ·il]oJld" be
fil~d. iii' the - ·· -
P.hilippine,s as~our ,pen~f statutef cfre Jerritorial 'in . Cgurt , .. of. ,J\pp~aJs in . !=1¢.cord,i'nc~.:· ).vit~.'.·;the . ,,-,
· nature-.(STA.MARIA, supra. c.!f· ~75).· . · Doctrine· pf.:.Hier~rc.hy oL_~o~rts._ .(R_ep_~blic v:.
· -. , . ·.· : -,, · ·. · :· . · · - ... Ta'ngo; G_:R. No: 1f31Do.2, ·.July 31r,2009). ·;'·
. Exi6~pfion tc> the e~ceptfon::lfboth sp;·use~ o( · . . , . · . · - ' · ·· ·· · . · ·.. ,
< ·. ·ma·rriage·sha)I
the·,s.ui;,se'qu.~nt m~rr(a_g~·a~ted· in~bad fa,ith-..-~~id·
be vbid-ap initio _and all .donations
. · ·,. · Note·,- En~ine~aticirl'-in.Art:-35 ·is
Other \(QID niai'riages.inc[ude: .
exciusi~e.·.
. ..
·Nof
·. ...: ma"de by one.in.favor of the other are.revoked by a::· M·ar'riages in ·a.play, _d.rania., or movie;-._' '
. ·_ operation oflaw:(FAM!l)r'G.ODE, /1.rt. 44)... . . . b: Marriages between·two· men or two women:
. . . . . ' . . . ·c .. Marriages.in jest;' and . ,· . . - · · :.
d. Co_nimon law m·~rriages·. '(STA. MARIA,
· supra at 192),. · · ·

. 74 I' 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CE.NTRALIZED-'BAR OPERATIONS

 PERSO't..JS. AND FAMILY RE.LATIONs:.
· SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
e. R.A. No. 6955 otherwisek . no·wnas Anti Ma,·1-
Order Bride . Law -declares unlawful the
practice of 'matchinq Filipino . women for
marriage to foreign nationals on a mail-order
-basis and other similar practices (1 PARAS,
supra at 424): , . · . · · · . . .,
2. · Psycholoqical lncapaclty.. . ··
. A malady tliat is so .grav·e and permanent as to
deprive .. orie of awareness of the duties. and
responsibilities of the matrimonial. bond one is
about to assume (Del Rosario. Ii. Del /:~o'sario,
G.R. No .. 222541, February 15, 201°7). ·
Psycholoqical incapacity -~ust,ref~r to the most .
serious cases of personality disorders clearly :
demonstrative of an utter insensitivity or inability
to gi_ve meanirrq andsiqniflcance to the rnarriaqe
· (Republic v. Dl[J ,Gracia, · G.R. No. 171557,
Februery: 12, 2014).. ' · , · :
'Psychological incapacity,' as ~ grounq to nulfify
a-marriage underArticle 36 of the Family Code,
should refer to no less than a mental. -\!Jot
merely physical··---::" incapacity, that · i::aLises'
. .party to. be truly incoqnitive of the basic-rfiarital
· covenants that concornitaritly must be,qssurried
·. an? 'discharqed by the parti~s .. to tfielima~riage
whlch.. :3s_ .-s_o expressed m A~ic11~8 ,Jf
the Family -Code, _among it~s. 11l§lude their·
. m':;l~~.al_obl_igatio~s-~0 l_ive. to etner,,,observ?'iove,
respect_ anc;i fidelity a_nd reD .§.r l'l~l~allii supQo'rt.
(Espina-_D"?n-V. Qan, GR. No~ 209031, April 1f3,
. 2018)_ ~. . · . ~ . . 1 ·. ,-.·. · . . -_
~Art_icle. -36 :.'6f · th_~ Fami_ly_ Code ~ust r:iot. be .
cqnfused with a divorce law. ttiat cu s_.tne'mar'tal
b_ond· a_t: the time tt:i·e, ·g~ound_s 'for· d' or,ce"'"':"". .....,.-.,...:.111,.............~arcissistic.
manifest themselves·; rathei';.it'mpst be limite~ to
cas_es where there is
9· dow.riright incapfil:ity or·
. inability fo assume and fulfil!' the ba~ marital.
·."obligati'c:ms,. not'- a' me.re : re{usa·, .. _neglect or
difficulty; much less, ii! will; on ·the. part ·of the
errant spouse (Repub/ic-v.- Ro_me,:o ii, G. R. Nos:.
209180_ & 2092,~3,february 2f,. 2016). .
· Requisites of: Psychol.ogical Incapacity:
. (GAi) . .. .
· a.· ·Gravity - Must· t:ie ·graveiserious such that
the_paJjy wmild_be incapable:of. carrying out
. ·the o"rdinary dqties required in--a marriage;
b. Juridi.cal Antecedence - Must be rooted in
·the- .history of· .the ·party antedating the
,. marri;:ige; aJtlio.ugh ·the ove~t l]lanifestations . .
may :emerge only after the marriage; ancl
c. !ncurability - Ml,!_St be incurable_ or, ·even if it .
were _qtherwise,·the cure would be beyond
the_(neans e>fJhe party'invoived (Espina.~Dan
v. Dan, GR.No: 209031, April 16, 2018). ·
,
.· ~-
The
. Co.urt
. .riu 1· e·d ·th:a t . t.h ere . ·.1s psyc
· · h ological
·
incapacity In the following instances: .
. a. A · senseless, protracted, and constant
refusal to comply with the essential marital
obliqations by .one or both of the ·spouses
although he, ),he, or they· are physically
capable of performing such obligations (Chi
· : . - Ming, Tso/ v. CA, G.R •. NO. 1-19}90, .Jenuery ·
16, 199_7); .: .. · '1. · : . · . . . . .· :· ·
b. A . person who is -unable to. distinguish
· between fantasy and reality would be unable·
. to comprehend the .!egal .nature "of the .'
marital borid much .l~ss its psychic· rneaninq
and the obliqatlohs.>: attached to · .-the·· .
marriaqe, including parentinq. One unable
. to adhere to. reality cannot be 'expected to
adhere as well· to-rany ·legal or emotional
· commitments (Antonio v. Reyes, G.R. No.
· 155800, March 10, 2006); · ·,
c .. A person who brings her childre_n· to her
mahjonq .sessfons. 'exposed. "them. to
gambling that erode .. their moral fiber; h.e.nce .'
she is · suffering . from psycholcigicai
incapacity (Ka/aw v. 'Femendez; G.R. No.
'fa ·16p357, Jariu_ary 14; .2015); ~ .: · . . . ·
A person wit.ti paranoid' personality disorder,
more severe than borderline and narcissistic
personality disorders, made him distrustful
a~t,J .rorone _to. jealousy and ;parandia'" so
· e1tre'rne an_d· ~evere th9t;these caused·him .
to poke a gun at petitioner's head,.and acts
· of depravity, incap;:icitating nfm to fu!ly
c0mprene~and: assume the · essenti~I
• ""YJ ~blii;rnJ~or:is pf.ma'rdag~ (Tani:De La Ft1ente_
f v. De La F(!ente, Jr.,· G.R. 'No, 188400,
March 8, ~017); and.. · - . . · ·,
Respondent Martin· .»'cJS ·.diagnos~d · ·with
Per.son,a!ity . _Djsorder~ .·with·
tendencies toward. sadism.· This ·advers·ely
·affe.cted Martih in such a 'manner that -he .
. formed unrealistic· values an'd standards on
_his .. own'·_·.: marr-iage .. a~d . proposeid'
,uncoriventi.onal ~ex1,1al pr_a_ctices_. (Repubifc
: _, v. Javie~, G.R. No. 210518, .April 18, 2018).
·
The ·court ruled·-' that.· there. is· · no·.
psycholo"gi"cal, ·incapacity .. in the. followin·g
insta.rices: · · .. · . ·_ . . .
a. . The .. spouses' disagreement· on money
· mqtte·rs are .com_mcin-· and even normal .
0tcurrences between husbands and wives
(Tongor· v. · Tango/,· G.R.·,.No: .157610,
October 19~- 2007); .
b. .Th~ · ·spouses' frequent . squao6les and·
· respond~nt'~ refusal to :sleep with petitioner· ·
a11d be supportLve tdhim; and their bickering
a.nd arguments even .before their marriage· .
· and· resporid.ent's s¢~r-idalous outbursts in
public, at most, show their'immaturity, ancl·.
imrn_aturity does not co.nstitute p~ychologital ·
incapacity (Navarro·v. Cecilio-Na.varro, G.R.
No. 1'62049, Apri/·~3, 2007)i
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 75
 PERSONS. A·N·o FAMILY RE.LATIONS
SAN BEDA LAW CENfRAUZfo BAR OPERATIONS·_ MEMORY AID 20(9

. . .
c. The interpersonal problem· with her co-
workers does -not sufficeito support the·
conclusion that she -was · psychologically
incapacitated to enter into a marital union as
·th~Y are -polesvapart- from- their ·marital°
relationship. While. both spring from human'
. relationship, -their.· relatedness··
: relevance to one another should "be fully
established for: them to be compared' or to
· serve as measures of cornparispn \vitti one
another (Republic v. Encelen, G:R. .. No.
. 170022, Jc3!nuary9.,.2013); and. . . · .
d, Sexual .•. infidelity. . or perversion
.abandonrnent ". do· not, 'by themselves,
willfully concealed the same (Buenaventura v.
CA, G.R. 'No;_ 127358, ·Mqrch 31, 2005). .·.
Molina Docfrine. .
.Iurisprudential.Guldelines: (P.~OB~aPIG) .. · .
. a. lcicapacity must be·.E_ermanent or incurable.:
and b. · Boot cause -'of the psychological incapacity
'must be: . · , ·. . ··
i. Medically or clinically identified; ·
ii... Alleged .in' the complaint; ·, . \.
· · .1:) $ufficiently proven by expert; a'nd
. 2.). Clearly explained in the decision
and. c. Marital Qbligations refer lo Arts. 68-71° 1 220
221 and 22p°of the Family. Code; . •

consti~ute. qrounds for declaring ·a'

marriage. d. · ·Pl~i.nt,iff _hps ·§ur?en _qf proof;
.void. based .. ,on/.psyc~ological i.nfapac;:ity e. _lqcapac1ty"proven to b~ !;~istjng at the. time
,.. . .. , . :(M,a/Jilin_x.~'Jame~.olarn/n;: QB>·-Np.'.192718, .(?f.the ~-~Jf~ra.tior .of marriage';. . .. . ·· r:
·F~bru_wy 18,' 20.15; .' see ·a/~p:. R~pub/ic v, .f. . ,:riai '.~ou,rt. mus]: cir~fer· _tile . .E_ro~ed.utlng
Tecag, _G.R. 'No. ·°i29272/f.Jo\/etnber·19, : attorney or 'fiscal and lfie Solicitor-·General to
2018); ·. . . .~-- . ~app-~arfor_thestate; ... · . : :....· .. ·-
...
.· I e·.'
.
~m'otiona,I _im~at_urity, - -. irre~R0nsibility,.
sexual. -prorniscuity, · 'or , othe~J:eha'.,Vi0ral .
u·
Ng. !~r.~reta_tion.s of the ·.National :Ap~ellate ..
·/ Matr1momal_ Tribunal of the Catholic-Church
_: · disorders; of·_..:.;themselve'( ~ar.~
~ot~- . . . oJ_/\1.e Philippirres . \-Vh)I~ QOr. 6.ontrolling
tantamount to psych9lbgi¢{!f9..9~Pifcity (Del , ·sn_oulcr~e_ ~iv~n:W§~f.respe·~!)inp·· .... _ ..
R~sa_iio'·v., Df:)I Rosario/G.R,\_N@~22-25'4r,-· .;~, ~h ......;_l t_me~ 'J!AQr'?.ve, :nou_gh to. brJnQ a~out_
·' Fe9:uwy.1:5;?017);- · J~Y /-::· =·1P.2 },[ ~(. ·~1?-~b1l~ty.h'to .ass,t,J.Q'.\~ ~.ssE:r!i9_I . 1!1-~-~itar
. ~- f. Fa_1J1~gs __as huspand/<?nch{p.ther;{s\J# not {\ .m:., ·· .~bhg~ttqns (Rep!Jplic v._. C~ .and_ M,9/ma,
;?V~. , .
;I __r~i~-1,_R.~- th~\t·~\trin~'i~ ~ep~bt[c v: f;~·:·~~d. '·
·· . t~nt~m.ount·.:._~o psyc£ological ,.incag:acit)''\tO - N0.(!J_8j163, february 13, 1_997).

. , · . _·. ; .· ~ni~~{~/~~~~~~,i~a~1,~~~~;~;~~~-~~~-j;~5:~1n
. _ . :·· · ,_:. me~ning of.-~ ~syph\J]Qg!ec~.',- i~c.a~\city. It~.· :~~:fvf?h~:,a.·: '(1_99~)~'v':'f1,. i~appl!tcJb_l~ .. 1,h( -~o~rt ..
0,l~e--mes~-:-SeFJ?.,:IS~~a's~i~f.
--_, - _. : •. ·REl~sE>nalit ~- d:_9~;th~j..cpses of P~X!(hQlbg_1s~1:_.~n,.Gf P.~~Jt~--
t. : ~'8U~f.: -~ ... tJo.iRl~-- .,r"'ri .. ~ S~9)J/Q)pe .1e.G~~-d_f_?f·?~ l[l~ ,p_~~~~_-of~.?.lnorr.--
..
.· .. · . . . d1sor.per.s,· ,(Ga:fe(
. _·1~35'41,; /.f~g~~(2;:.2@._ftJr~,\ .. '', =., ~
:.· g. t0ere s~ow1ng,,of: '1rr~con~1la!5le_;;d1ff~~fi~~s"':"'.
~<'. .,,t:;~ ~~19-8t10.'}-$,p~ed_ft1o_ns .or Q~Jler.ahz?.t_1.?t1~ b.ut ·.
~ ~c~rain~Jto ,,ts/_o.Y-m fac~s. · Courts. 'should'
- . · af)d · '_c_o_n_flicting}per-son~l.ities' in'~·ri~~e: -- .' (iJ~.r~~~Y,th~-~~Oi~iOn_}?r). a C~SEt~O-C_?!~~;pas_is; ·.
·.,, .--~Gon.~J1tutes·, ': .. psyq~~lqg1cal- ..... -.. 111ca.~8W~[T--EC'N:·1·1"\\.'h~t-!. :T 't!~Y:~1PJ~~e_oc~~ -t~~-· rir.c!_1rgs~ -_~J~,,~.x~ert~
. . . (Lontp_,G-Cruz. 15,{· q~lf~, ~Q:-R.,, N0j2Cill}'8~~~J1t'.'/.c\~.~~~e}5.. in ys~c_ti?.1<:?.~'·cal· __a,~.c,Rl~n~~·. ,.
'··. . ·- Gctobec1-1, '2@.17);:and- ...-, 1\-'.. · ..[· 0.- ~ancitbYl,cl~e1ston~ of -church· tnbunals.:·Wh1le 1t
h,, Petitiorie.(s;bafe cl~ii:n tha;i~f)onf@J a·· 1. j· /\.~ie\)iQ.t¥fugg~stiri?(t.tie.:.a6·and~~rfie_nt\>.f .ttfe. ·
.' · -:._ ·p_at~oi_ogi~ah:g~i:f61~rti;is~_lr-re.sp?~~ie· ~.nd · 1Vt0\~~a.b'ctrin~'.·. it r~l_e~_Jl,~.t \~id_.:d?-S!!~-~- ~as ..
·, : ·:'.~='. : J~:LI.:\qble t0"~E%e_JD_'.aJ?P,_ 9?es'n?t:·nec,es~l9':"'- ~ti~9?t,p~·siJJr?Jl-J~c~e!: fprc1r.ig~ a}L~1z_~s}9-J1J ,'~1o.
. . . · -trar:islat~· 1_nto,; ..unassa_1lable. proof that . and b~ bo.und. oy 1t, ancl'.l[l co_nveo_1er1t1y·iapp.lymg. .-
:.. , .. ·· ,. resp6ndenhJs':psych.qlc::igfcc;1lly·Jn~apat;itafed:,-_ · s?i9_ dct9lfine;: :i··h'as,::. :--alloV-'.~9 /·\li.agbosed- · . ·- .
,· . . to pei:f.9rrn .tlie essential, maritgl- obliga,tiphs' : .... ·s_ociopatns: - ~-c.~j~0p.rienit~,. ~y_m'i\hor'riar)lac~s; . . ~ .
. . ':: · . ·. (~i@ff~9Q:_v.,:. Sirfg_$~o::. _<:;R1.~NO,: 210,7(3({: · narcis~~sf~:_an~-_the: lil<_e_. _t0 t?~tif1µ_ou_s,l_y cl.eb<{se ·--., . . · ...
/t. ~ .
:-. ·>:···'.·'. ~J_c/.()Uc!.ty·8;- ?P1 §h·';(':': .. ~a:;-·:,' .. ··· ·.:. . . ,· .arf.-P~.r1~rt- t~.\'\ ?c!nc.t1ty. ?~ ma~n~~,e:' (~d,'llard: ·.:>. ·.:: ~
: ·. '. 1. -· Abf:l_nd.onme_nt 9f _it\e. fc1n;iily · dae.s, :. nqt · J<,e_7Jneth Ngo ·Te v.: ~owe(J_a· O,rJg·.Gut1.wre:z._Yt/-- ,· -(
,.· automatically .,-:justify: ,·a: .. conclusion-· of _:. ·r.e;.G:R. N<;Jd61793;-.Fe,bruary.13, 2009), _-. '
· · '. ;-.:-,( , p·~y_e,hofogical :ir:icap,acit:{t.(ndElr·Ar:tjcle;36·of ·:' < . _--:_ ··.,.· , ·,.· : . :- . . . , .
:-·,:.- ,/ .. · · . ·.,. -: ..
·:., :· .. .th.e;Family!.G.oa:e}tv1atu~c1~, vJ{eppbiic, G.'R, . . . N.~!e:: :~er,e . .;ya_s.i:i9 ·a~and~~-il:1-~\lt'_of.:th,:e ~o\iria: ·. ·,
· ' _·' : · No. 203284,' Noyen)l:/er M-~ ·2016). ; · · , . ·Gu_,.d~[meS',· r:a'tner Ngq_Te, s1n:iply '$9ggested. the _.
. - . . .. · :_ ·... ' ·:\ . - •. ( . :.. >.. ,.~ ' ./ 9.~
~~la,~?ti.9,!l_. . its' "stri11_g'en("_ iJg~.ireryierits .· .~-·. .
,· · ··.Aw.~~_di'of,1NJoral:.D~rriai;ies ... : . . :·· · --.: ··.c: . · .· . . (~?_U.YA_;·. 9i.yif·-'-~aw.; R.flv,i.(/wer:(201]),~ .. p~· 88,.
·: eetit[oner.' ·is, riot,;':e.ntltled:. t_O)' moraf,. damc;19~s • . · --~ · · ·. ·, 'fl:1,°f)Teihafte(RA'B.UYA;'c;ivil (av/ f?eyiewer}).-: · . · .
· ···:· :· bas~·d:or-i'.q~c_laration'.Qf-°p~ych.ological;incagacity · · >-< · -~·:, ·-:: . .'_· \ :- :. . - ':. '- . ,- '· _. : . ·.
·.
':· bec;aus.~ tffe~ award·o( [TlOral·c;:l;:1Q18Qe:s sho_uld be· .. · . , v;Jeighf 9f f=Xpert 0!5.inio_n . . - . . · · , ' · .'
. ·. : _,-p.re.cj\c:a.te~., not.:pnJ9e ci;rer~. ~c(of ,ehlEl(th9. into_ BY. . . _th,~: \'Ell)' _nature- · of c;:c;1s~s :'.invqlying the
. . · >{.the:marriag'e; qut 0r1 sp.ec;ific'evidence·tharkwas . .,-applic~tio~. bf A~_icJ.~. 3f;- ·it·: is_._. loQical. and
·· .. .· _aone·9e1lb·erqte1y a.nd.wfth ·~aifoe.by-:a i;iarty who . . .. un.der.standabl'? · t.o· · gi~e:werght tC>;'the expert
.... had~ kQoWledge of his or. her disi;lbility. ·and · yet · opinions. furnished by psychologists regarding
.
,. · . . · - , . ._ ·<.; ,;.: , 1 · the. psychological' ternperamenLof. parties~ in .

-76 1· 2019 SAN BEbA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS.

. ·. : _.. ·.. - .. · ' . ' ... ·'
 PE.RSONS ...AN D. FAtvH . LY )~·ELATIO.NS.
SAN BEDA I.AWC~NTRALIZED EJAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY.AID·20190
order to deterrriine. the root. cause, juridical .
antecedence. ·gravity· and incurability · of the
psychological incapacity. Ho',_Vever, such
opinions, while . highly_ advisable, .· are not
conditions sine qua.non in granting petitions for "
'declaration of nullity of marriage. At best, courts .
must. treat such opinions as decisive but. riot
1.Ddispensable evidence in determining the
merits of, a .qiven. case. In fact, if the 'totatity of
evidence presented is enough to sustain· a
fintjjng of psycholoqical incapacity, then actual.
' • ' medical Of. psycholcigical I examination . of the '
person concerned need n9t be .resorted to: The
trial court, as.in any other given case.presented
before, it, mustalways base: its decision riot·
- . solely: on the expert opinions. furnished by: the ·
:'pa dies . but :.alsq . o~ :·.the ·. totality . of evidence .
<, . adduced in· the·. course, of the proceedinqs .
(M,endoza v. 'Republic, G.R. No. 157649,
'N6vem9er 12, .. l.O1 ~). ·. '·
'Alc~holi~·n(,Abus·~:'. and Je~l'~usy-
Similarly, the husband's· alleged_ alcoholism,
'drunkermess.. his habitual verbal; and:physical
abuse of thewife, tailure to support the latter a_r.ia
.. her' c~ildreni, and, unbearable · jealousy, ~<1:nqt
, .. _- constitute psycholoqical incapacity,,,. (RJpi.rblic 'v. .
_ . Melga~ GR. No. -13967_6, Marci) 31,; 2006)::
. · .. - ', ''Wh~~ j~· important i'~ the pr~s.e~ce ~· eviflenc~
.. · .... 'th.at,. can '·adequately:· establish the. party'.s
. . .. ,psyd1ologital 'ccrrdltlon," "[:r]_he complete facts
.__ · shot.ild.afle.ge the physical manifestations, if any;
. 'as are'.·i.ndicat!ve of ·psyc-~ological-'incapa~jty ,at.
· . · the time.of-the celebratioriof the marriage" such
. that .'.'[i]f"·the, totality 'of" evidenct3; presented is
1
.. ·~iibugh./fo . sustain" a. :fintjing ~of: psychological
inca'pacity,. then actual..medlcatexarrtinatlon of
the person concerned 'need riot .be resorted
. . ·. to . ".(Espina--Dah'v.·Dan,·GR. No .. 209031, April
>. : ·.> :< . . . ·:
16,: 20.18).· .·:--; ·. >.'.· ,. ·: :'•''• . . .
. ~- " . . ~ .
· · .While the· Court has .declared. that there is ·no
.. : requiremE)nt .,th'at . the pe'rson to. be dec)ared
. i.
· · psyqholog1ca.lly '. ·.incapacitated- .should . be ·
.. 'personally exarriined by cil··physician,.-much. le~s
be subj~cte~d. tq psytholo'gica! ·te:sts; 'this rule ..
·. · .. finds application only if. the .totality uf evidence-
.. presented is. enc:lugh to ~ustain a · finding :bf
psy~hological · fncap<.3city (Bafsunirwa· . Ill .v ..
. Bakunawa,. G.R. Np. 217993 ··(Resolution.),
' Au_l}ust 9, 2017). ; ,
2:019 $AN BEDA LAW·CENTRAl,JZED BAR OPERATIONS ·.1.77
.
Personal Examina'tion by·. Physi'cian· Not
Required for ·a Declar~tion of Psychological
ll)capacity ... . . '
Thert3 is· no ·requirement that the person sought
. to be pecla~ed psy9holog(cally incapacitat~d
. shou.ld be p_ersonally exarriinec;l by .a physician
. gr psyc_h~logist .c;1s a co.riditiori .sine 'qua non tO.
. ·. 'arrive.at s·uch qeclaration. It can be.prnven ·by
independent mean.s that o_ne .is P?Y<;:h9logically .
inq:1pacjtated; there·is no .reason why the sa_me
§hould not be. credited (Republic v. Tanyag-San
Jose a.nd San 'J9s'iJ;, G,RNp. 1683~8; F.e.biuary
28, 2007) .. · .
\
H~wever, · '.'ps.ychol~gical incap~city" ,does not
mean tq · ·gra~p . ~.all'·,. such· , poss.ible.;. cases
. pt_·p~ychei§e~.:'.' .The .Ponencta, ·citi!lg,Sanlos v..
· Courfo(Appeals, reiterated tl;)at "psycnological--,
-incpp,:fcity~- deliber.ateli pertain,s to "the ,most
seribus· ~~ses·. o_f' .i:>ersonality diso,rders clearly.
; ·dem·onstrative of an utter.insensitivity p~ .i11ability ·
.to 'give'· meianing· . arid ~significanc.e to . the
marriage." (Castillo . v:' · Republic,: G.R, Nb.
214064, February 6, .2DF)- ·
----· he evid~nce need:.not.r1e.cessarily ..come1from·
· . the allegedly
,_,;. in.capacitaled
. . . · spow;e,
. . -
but .can.·
.
come from· persons intimately related to the
sp'ouse( lJe. relatives ·)and dose friends, who .
-.: ·;COUid/. ctec:lrly '·. te';tify.. • on ih'e ... ,alleg'ecjly·
· .-. : ·... i~~a·gitit~f_~cl;po.~~.e'.s ~or:,oition. at or ~bouU~e ·
·· t1mf ?.t Im~-Jr,narnag~ . (Bakunawa · v.: Reyes .
· Bakunawa;-G~R: No. 217993, August 9, 2017) .
.... - While the· C.ou~t has .co·~~isJenti'y" foll~wed' the ..
- ·.·: par$nieters ·~in· Republic. v. '. Molina,' ,_ .. th.ese
·1guideline·s
' are •.not .'.m.eant ·.to . ~fraightja'ck'e't. a'fl ·
· Q'etifi.9j_s for .decla):ation· ..oLriullity .of 'marriage.,.
---·The' merits of each ·case are determined on a
case-to:case' basis, as no case- is _Qn all ·fours .
: with . an'othe'r . (Republic. v. Javier, . ·G:R-:--- No .
. '210518/Apri/18, 201.8) .. ·'. J. · .. ·
J.. .,
•, . '. .., ~ , I, . ' ~ ,: i '-.: - t • I
Appfi'ca~iiity ··af Res J_~,;1;9c1ta ·:. : : · ,,. · _· · . :·. .
, Fir")al. judgm~cit denying a petftio.n:for nullity ·ori
: . . . .the ·ground· of. psychological. incap'acity. ~ars. cl
· · . - ... ··· s't.ibsequebt_petitio·n. ror'declarcltiori of nu!lity ori .
... ·: . the grouri'd·:af lael< qf:marri9ge license'(Ma//ioi-i·.
.v: Alcantara,. G.R. No.' 141528, October 31,.
2006).. : .
'.:} ..
Bu.rderi. of f.>.roof ':: ·;, · .- · · ..
- ·. In· p~ti(iori$·dor · the ~eda'r~tior;\. of. n,ullitY of
.. _marriage, the buraen of-proof .fo:sho.w·the !JUllity
:... of. mar~iag~· lies 'witn)be. plaintiff: .·)Jnless the"
· .evidence presente.cJ· clea·r1y. reveals· a:situation
_· wnere the parties, or one of-.them; could not J:!ave '
. :·:validly ent~·red into a._marria!;j'e b/ reason. of a
. ... graye aod serious ·psyc,hological 'illness existJng
af the tfme it .wa~ c.eJebrated, we.are .compelleµ
. . .' to uphold the .iridissolu.bility of the·. rriarital tie
. (Republiq_ v. Galang, G:R,. No,. 1683_35, June 6, ·
2011).· . · .
 . PERSON·.s AN.D FAMILY RELATJo·Ns .
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRAUZED BAR OP.ERATIONS - MEMORY AID.'2019

Who mayFile Petitionto Nullify Marriag~ on

the 'Ground of Psychological Incapacity - -·Grandfather/Grandmother
· Even-the psychologically incapacitated can. file
the action to declare' the marriage void /SEMPIO 2 3
· -: DIY, supr_a at 47):
Father /Mother Untie/Aunt
3 ... Incestuous. Marriages, · · ·Whether, the
.. Relationship is Leqitlrnate o,r Illegitimate, l
between:
a. Ascendants & Descendants_-of-any. degree; x
_arid· .. . - ·_ _ · .
b. Brothers & Sisters whether. full or hair-blood 3
('.AMIL Y CO,DE, .Art._ 3?).. - .
· , Nfece/Nephew Cousin's child'
4 .. Those Contrary to Public P~ficy Contracted
Between; (CoS~PAA~FA-K) : - . .' . <,
a. Co!late.ral·blpod (elatives_ whether leqitimate Thus, a person (X) is 2 degrees removed from
or- illegitimate 'up to the 4th ci_vil d~g'ree; '... . his-brother/sister, 3, fr.om. his uncle/ai.mt,'·wha· rs
-· b. §tep-parents-'& step children;. . . . . : . . '. the brother/sister of his father/motlier, 4 fr9m'his .
. c. .E_c1ren.ts:in-law &.children-iri-~law;

· ~::. l-~:}~J-~~ri~n,~/:~~~~t~i;~~·
-z -~ -) J.
.ad_op.t~r; _ · '. _. +-: . ·-
f. . __ _.~urv,1v1rg ·spou_se of- \re·
·

ild ~.l...he

a~U.~g~El~t & ·. . .
u . cousi.n,.and so forth (RABUYA, supra at 345)..

};/Nftet.
e1ai\onShiR b/co-!';ang~ini\y.;s in itself
~bt=_cay.able.. of dissolutionJHe~ce, the.merefact
l~!
'a .cor11~.~m. ascen.dant, a· gra~d~athe~ tor.
. · the _a_d?pted.ch1I~; /.,·~VE.
,· ·. :"··
j~ · ~exa~pla::::q1~a_\does· sever the. ··blood . =.
.9. §.urv1vmg spouse of t[Caclop.ted· ~l),1ld ·&) ,f. "o/7 r!:)la!Jonsh,P,~rst cousin~ (STA MARIA, .sµpra
1 '-,/J·· ·
. \m . . · - .· . ·. -
· 'adopter: · · · Jf' ~-.!&.at 244). '\'--(-. ·. · ·· · · .
h. ·.~dopted,children of;·t:i~ml ·adORfe~; and·. A"' _ . _ 3.
i. _ Parties wherein ~I) , ~.itli .#th~ intifl!io.n t~-- _,,-~.
1e":',~: on 1'?.[qi~~tion of Marriaqe- on the

. . · . - · : \ ~ \ ·. i ·: . --·- · ·
~arrtthe other, .!S!I.IJd'ffre,l~tter's si;i!:5u~"e,f0r ~
·- ~1s/he.r.spou~e (ff,Ml~©©.D_E,'Am 38).·

N?t~_:. There . .is· n9 n~~.d, fpl\.~On'v'{I, t1 '£1\ln_ ai

cr1~mal c~~~ ..of ,the. g~~tylpBtty.· 1:
e:Ja"e! _of:,,,·
r ,',!iIJ"Aff~fi1ty .Prq~~p1t11C?n'.' . . . . . .. ·. · · · .

~, .
~-.&,WiJJf/~-a. ·
elatroni-1),p~bb'taffinrt~ is ~-o,t ~er.m1n~ted by
i~Jer11nat1dnJ of- the. marriage wnelher
~e_a'f
J&.@-;.. : ·.
or_~~~ ·~.~~r3ri
.th~: rnarr(~gEi: ·.._
:.cB.llatr~sh1p 15~-~ffinrt~ 1s. d1s_~?!Y~~ 1.f one _of
!n
.
.
;,

~1lhng-.co~m1tted·bys.on~lUhe. Qart1es:J"o'\'ih .. ;s;; ~l'le.s~ouses dies and the-spouses h.ave:no· ·

·rn.a.. rria·g1f ·.·. . ca.n '. tf.e. . .Pr·. ove. ~ ·i.nn:., a... · civi .. ··ea e... ·
. -(~{~·~f~l~,_su~:a.t.2~:rx. :· :.·
·. ,· . ·.: livi'),9"is~u. e~,ifr.c_~,ildren.; jt doe~_not ce.~s~,.if
:,: : ~~c~b>.:Prn!~~:~.t~!~~o::uv;~~~rthceh_1·~~:~;-;ff·
.. ~~=;
Th~ fol.l9.wir;tg can: now ·mqrry, e~~otfie
- (LSG,._CA_C) . . . . . · . '·' . .. . . . .. .
a . .- Brother-:in-h_a:w and.s1st~r-1n-law; .. · · ··. ·
U.J :~
·. ·M· n-,\..~
/\ ·
;~~~ifi 9~are__ comm1_ng~ed.•. :.. .sm~~ . - t~e
1
l"--1\.c.~~J~ship . of: affinity ·. wa:'.. . contr~u:e~.
tHrougl} the medium of.tn~ 1s$ue:of marriage
b, §tepbrother ~nd stepsiste,:;. ~ . ..__ , - ·:($.TA,.MARIA;.supra at '266-:_26,?). . . .·
.,.·• · c. Quardic3[1 andffward; :j-- .. •.. __ · ..... · • •.. <.r: ·C.,: :·c;:~ntinL:Ji!1g· affini'tt.Vi~w" · · ·, -~ · . _ · ·· ·
·d::···Pactl~s .. wli_o". ha~~ be~n:: fonv.icted. of- - ,-... ·,- · .. ·
. :- ·. c:19\.;ll.tery or coricuqi.n·age;· ·an.q. -, .· < ,. :: : , . . . · ·= Th~ ·.. ,P~ilippin~;:; - f9!lqws ...the - :
co.nti'nuir:ig ~...
. ·~:- 8d.opted: and. illegitimate,ctiild, parents pild .·· .. . · ·affinity ,view, wnidi.means thattnif death bf
:..... relatives. by cons~r.iguiriity. cir-. affinity.-of the . -.orie sp_duse' deres .. riot ter.minate .. the.
. adop'tef;and - . -, , ·: . :, .,-,.,........ ·:·relation'sbip'by.affir1ity-rega.rdles'sofwhether
·· f.::. Collateral relativ.es • by· the "half~blood ... or-not there·are childre·n produced unde·r the
. , • (SEMP..fO~brY.;·supra at 45). . . ·.. : . . . -marJiage O• (Intestate . Estate.' . ·of.· Vda. -
. '. Caruf]9COl1g V;· People,"G.R<No.-· 1a14M;:
0
• . . . . .• ·:. ;., '· .. ., .·" •

\oet~rmioatjon. if T;o/~er~o~s-_are''Reia_~i;es . . · - J!ebrua ..r:i; 11,. 2()fQ).' · .. . . . • . . . - . .

up t.c;, the ~th·ci.vil p~g'ree:· · . · · ·
·. .- .. a/·. eonsTaer·, .. the·: :n'tia~est,'' a·na .. imrriediare· · . ·:·.: : .. =Note.:· -Th,e_.. ·~.ontin.uing. affihity').iiew : in .
. :>.c.oi-rfrnon a·scen'danf- a'nd . : . . . . . . ' . . . . ..·. ·.. . lntestate:)=sta,te· of· ,Vda .. Gqrungci;mg.~ v.·
b: CounHhe ·number .;f.
relatives from cine o'f · .. · · f(lop/e is di~~u_ssed .in light of the-1.ang!,la·ge
Jo an!J
• f ••

them the-'~-~mmon ascencl_a1'l'i f~bm . and· spirit of Article 332(1) of:tlie. Revised
·. the- ·c_ommon :ascengaht ~o · th~ other · on~ ... pe~alCoqe.. ·
(STA:MARIA,-supra at 260). ;
I
-· .· -:.
·"'·'.
. . :··~ .

\ .

- 78 I 2019 SAN SEDA L?,W G:NTRALIZED BAR OPERATION$.

 P·ERSONS AND-FAMILY-RELATIONS:
. . , .. - SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAr_iONS - MEMORYAID 2019 . .
n,P,
e-;gzw, 2#2~M;e :nt4ifi¥.0rH;;sttb?&&; i £ki&F:-- ,, ' sJ:'4$#15=#' i§Qi#;>; Si®" ' 2 t s:4;;t¢ · a; t.>:w't
.. 8#1 ":;, 3"5tirid«.WA£Pd,,,/Tlf'{,
_,

5. Void 9ubsequent Marriages

a, Without judicial decla~ation of:: n_ullity of
:' previoµs·void marriage (FAMILY CODE,' Art.
40) : - :.: , . . · . . .. · .
b.: V,Vithout. judjcial. ,declaration" of. presurilptJve-
death of absent spol!Se (FAMIL y· CODE, .
Art. 41)

· · Note: No: judici91 proceeding· to annul a

subsequent-marriage-contracted under Art:
41 ·i:fnecessqry, A1sc?", the termioation the ot
. s.ubs~quent marriage b.y affidavit· provlded
-. for-in "Art. 42 does not· preefude i~e fili[lgpf ·
. · .·an-.action in c9urt to prove the reappeara(lce Pro.ri'erties ·are ii~uidat~d .Pr~pe.rti~s ai:e.
llq~idated
· of .thf abse'rile1e· and obtai~ ? d~~laration of.· .. in ac"cocdc;1nee with the in accordance witii--the
. .- dissolution or termination of the subsequent drd.inarr rule~: of ··,co-. rules.· provided ·Li rider the
. :... mJ?r_riage.(SS$ v. '(da.-Oe B~/loh,-Q.R. No'.. ownership, i. · , '· .. ~chaptefs 1n the· atisoh.J_te ·
·165,545,. fyfarch 24/ 2006)~ ' · "~ ... . · · · -. .· ·com.mu·nity_".,of property· ·
. · and · ..>Hie . ·. conjugal .
c. Wher~. the :·~bsent: spouse .. wa_s presumed partn_ership of.gains. . . .
. . ·.. -·. ,..
dea_d; and bolt) the - preseht spouse and.
would-be. 'spouse:· were "in bad _. faith in
. contracting· marriage -(FAMILY 'ccce, .'Art
,· 44);..a_nd, ·. - · · . .: . :_ . · ftr>
.,d, Failureto comply with Art ... 52 .-requiring the
p·a~i,t)bn 0an9 _distril:iu\ion of pr?pe.1ie~fand
.: _de11very of children's pre~um_p.t1ve·,~rmmes
. : ·Y".h!ch s~q;ul_d.be r~co~ded (n tne,.appropriati
, .. civil reqistry anc;l:..,reg1str.y, of\pro[)er.ty~ af\er.
- _qb(~[ni~!;! Jl!d~·m.~nt /?r. qedcfr~tor _~CJlli~y .. _ .
. · . _ _.or an,nulmE?n_t (FAMJL:. Y.~00E, Atr-@)7_.: ..
. ~ . . - . . ' \ .
. ·... Noter. ~~f[ure to ~ecorcf',i,fr~civiHegistry
· ·.·and r~gistiy: of .• property the J~gm~ri~!
. prir)l,Jlme'~t- _ o'r. of ab~olute tfuJllity. of1Yie .
· :.. · ,. marrjage, partition and ~istAt5ati9n of. tlilt
' . . propertycfthe .. spouse's and; t~ ~elivery of ..

(FA'f;f;;}lif',-.-~
. .,:
. . ·.·,. .the .. children's _pr~s.um'ptive·· 1~gifi1;1ils. ~~U ._
.. · .· rioJ a'ffect tnird',P.wsons_

• , t v:~; : ~;~:~~ ~- v6~•~.1eM~;,;.~~, \ -- · i~i~~f~:;~6~~~1e 9 ft .~.,e is a d~10,1 ;.'..oy oi • -,

its ~ssenti'a1 requisite~. (lei;iaf cappci!Y andconsent). -~
It is considered valid andproduces all its civil effects
until. it isset. aside by-final ,iGdgment of a- competent.
court in an action for annulment (RABUYA,. supra at
448)_.·.. . . ' ,, ..
R.~tific~tionic·onfirmatiori ' . . . .
-Ratif!~atiori_-o:r. co~firmation lsfhe ·c!~(bY. V{.h_i.ch cl·
person; entitled" lo' tfring -an action -for .annulrnent, .
· . with.·knowledge".q{the. <iause'.0f _aiin1:ilmenfand <?fter
.· '•
incapabJe . -of;; ;_b.~ing can ·.be· convalic!.ated by · .. 'it- has· c"ea'sed: to exist: va"lidafes th~~·contract' e·ither
convalidate_d .or. ratified free". ,,cohal:>itati_o,j: . or . ··~xp"r.ess"1y··.-: ·. 9r ·. impliedly'_ ..... -:(4 ... : :.'TOl;.t=t-JTINO,"·
JVITUG;;:supra at 273). · pre~cription (VIJUG, ·. Corrimenf?ries'and Jurispn.;dence ·9n t/ie.9ivil Code
~u_pra a{283): _ · .. ·, ·
of "the Pffilippines (1992); p. 600· "{hereinafter 4..
· . TOLENTIN?JJ,·: ..
. "can be. attacked-dir~ctly :cfari" Q~l)i'-'·ti_e aHacked.
or. ·:coliaterally·. in .. · an fhro1;1gh a·.' direct. ?Ction '·.. ; .. ,.
action filed or by way. pf .filed in court ..
d~f~hse.. · · · ·

2019 sAN. sEoALA w '.cENTRAL_izEo BAR. 0P1:RA T1o~s 79