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The Components
of Vulnerability can be diagrammatically expressed as below:

Political

Social
Environmental Vulnerability and
Cultural

Economic

Magnitude of a disaster is related to differential vulnerability. More the vulnerability, more intense is
the impact of a disaster. Some of the key reasons for ever-increasing levels of vulnerability are:
• Rapid population growth, where
disaster events can claim more lives.
• Environmental degradation due to
poor land use, deforestation, over-
cultivation and overgrazing. These
render the land more prone to floods,
cyclones and landslides.
• Increased rate of industrialization and
rapid urbanization without the
necessary safeguards.
• Impoverished conditions.
• Blind adherence to cultural practices.
• Gender inequalities. Source: Pictures of NGO work/jaipur.olx.in
• War and civil strife.
• Lack of public awareness and information.

• Absence of preventive and preparedness measures for disasters in development planning; and
• as per NDMP 2016 above diag.
Neglect of developmental issues and concerns.

Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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 support to the district administration which is
responsible for the on – site management of the
a disaster.
Supplement handouts for classroom
nal Figure 2: Disaster response mechanism in India
i)
ed by Warning from National Crisis Management
the state and nodal Committee
agencies
of the
CMG/MHA coordinates with State
her NDMA
Control Room Governments

paring Nodal Disaster Management

Deploying of Deploying NDRF
& Relief Department (State CAPF's

Fire services, SDRF, State District Administration is

ed by Police and other
Affected
departments. Provides responsible for on-scene
support to district
ng adminstration.
h and
r
Source: “Disaster Preparedness in India”, Comptroller and
kle all Auditor General of India, April 23, 2013; PRS.
ar, Note: CAPF: Central Armed Police Forces
.

that
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 Supplement handouts for classroom

Crisis Management - From Despair to Hope

d. There should be periodic inspections of all such places/facilities by a team tec

of stakeholders assisted by experts. ima
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e. A scheme for enforcement of laws should be part of the long term pro
mitigation plan. tec
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f. Public education on consequences of violations is important. inte
tha
5.8 Early Warning Systems

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four components - capturing the precursor events, transmission of this data to a central
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processing facility, alert recognition of an impending crisis and warning dissemination.
on
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Capturing the precursor events is generally a technology driven process for most disasters.
pe

However for disasters like epidemics, strikes and terrorism, the human element plays a vital
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role in the data capture. Transmission

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Box 5.6: Early Warning Systems - Key to Disaster Management

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of this data to the central processing

do

“Early warning systems are the key to effective risk reduction. They do save
facility is also totally technology lives and livelihoods (and) in the world we live in, with so much division
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based. Alerts are generated based on between rich and poor, they also save an enormous amount of investment for
data analysis. Sometimes, alert the donor countries who will be called upon to help when people die from such
disasters. (...)
generation may take some time, as
We know that the most effective early warning takes more than scientifically
a decision making process may be advanced monitoring systems. All the sophisticated technology won’t matter if
involved. The dissemination of we don’t reach communities and people. Satellites, buoys, data networks will
warning to the vulnerable sections make us safer, but we must invest in the training, the institution building,
the awareness raising on the ground. If we want effective global early warning
again has both technology and systems, we must work together, government to government, federal and local
human elements. officials, scientists with policy makers, legislators with teachers and community
leaders.”
10

5.8.2 The last decade has seen major (Excerpt from the United Nations Special Envoy for Tsunami As
advances in technology relating to Recovery, President William J. Clinton’s statement at EWC III,
on 27 March, 2006). for
data capture,Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,
transmission, analysis des
and even dissemination.harsh4cse@gmail.com, Vision IAS, Delhi.
Thus, the early warning phase of disaster management is largely

70
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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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Disaster management by Harsh V. Singh, 9650280015,

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