CRJ 101-0803

Prof: Lakisha Adams

11/21/2018

Chapter14:

 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES IN INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

From the earliest times in the American colonies, corrections was based on the philosophy
of lex talionis which calls for retaliation in which the punishment should fit the crime
committed. This eye for an eye approach requires that someone who injures or wrongs
another individual should be punished in a commensurate way.
 Flogging was another from of punishment used against offenders in this nation until the
middle of the 20th century.
 Mutilation as punishment for criminal and moral offenses entailed the amputation of body
parts to curtail a perpetation ability to reoffend.
 Branding served many purpose. It punishment an offender, provided a record of an
individual’s offenses, and warned members of community of the specific potential danger
the individual posed.
 The stocks and pillory were painful punishment primarily administered in conjunction with
public humiliation. They were reserved for persons committing arson, witchcraft, perjury,
wife beating, counterfeiting, chating, forgery, fortune telling, and drunkenness.
 MOVING TOWARD HUMANE TREATMENT; PENITENTIARIES
 Penitententiary imprisonment as punishment for a criminal act began in the 1790s in the u.s
two approaches emerged that embodied penn’s philosophy of confinement for criminals the
Pennsylvania system and the auburn system.
 PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM
 in this system, offenders were blindfolded when moved through the facility. Given the lack
of interpersonal interaction, this system is also knowen as the separate system.
 AUBURN SYSTEM
 Auburn inmates were confined separately at night, but during the day they congregated in
silence for work and meals. For this reason, this system is also knowen as the congregate
system.
 CONTRACT AND CONVICT LEASING SYSTEM
 the contract system and the convict leasing system. In both systems convict worked to
develop skills and appropriate work habits as a means toward reformation.