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BEYOND MAINSTREAM

# DIGI TAL
IMPACT

MARKETING,
SALES & SERVICE

NETWORK & IT

SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

LEAN TELCO
Redefining the telecom business –
from cost-cutting to smart efficiency

JUNE 2014
THINK ACT
LEAN TELCO

THE BIG 3
1
tran·si·tion
The telco business in Europe has seen many cost-cutting rounds without
fundamentally rethinking business models and organizational principles.
To become fit for the future, telcos should combine growth and efficiency
strategically in a "new lean" blueprint.
p. 3

2
in·no·va·tion
Lean means powerful, flexible and adjustable to current and future market
needs. It's not just cutting costs but delayering operations and pushing
innovation.
p. 6

3
de·lay·er·ing
Defining three key layers with a clear focus on strategy and steering.
Every single function has to be identified as core or non-core for the
company. Core functions remain the key priority while non-core functions
can be outsourced or carried out in partnerships.
p. 11

The
lean telco
matrix
p. 7

2 ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS


THINK ACT
LEAN TELCO

The journey to lean telco. How


telecom players manage the transition
from cost-cutting to smart efficiency
by reducing complexity and leveraging
new partnership models.

Telecom players in Europe are facing an unprecedented are intervening with an alternative approach now:
challenge. The need for transformation and change is not ­Together with our clients and industry experts, we
news in an industry that has been driven by accelerating ­recognize that times require more drastic action.
innovation for decades but has suffered enormous pres- Something beyond merely cutting costs.
sure and stagnation in the last few years. A As we developed this "smart efficiency" approach, 1
But the up-coming transition can't be solved like we focused on two key questions:
the last ones. It's not just about cost-cutting anymore, > What BUSINESS MODEL allows for value creation in
since that potential has often been exhausted. It's a scenario of profitability pressure and a continuously
about a new mindset and strategically combining changing environment?
growth and efficiency. > Which ORG ANIZ ATION AL PRINCIPLES can
We at Roland Berger are known as experts for support an efficient, customer-oriented and flexible
­restructuring and successfully leveraging previously organization that is capable of handling increasing
unexploited savings potential. This is precisely why we complexity?

MILESTONES OF THE EUROPEAN TELECOM INDUSTRY


Rollout of
UMTS
networks
Auction of
3G ADLS2+
Launch of GSM Cable licenses for HDTV via First iPhone Cable internet
in Europe internet in UK internet sold in Europe via Docsis 3.1
1992 1997 2000 2003 2007 2013

1987 1996 1999 2002 2006 2009 2016


European Deutsche Launch of Fiber era is Launch of Launch of 90% of all
Union Telekom goes DSL taking off, due broadband LTE Europeans
recommends public to FTTX VDSL own a smart­-
deregulation systems phone
First smartphone
Nokia Communicator

ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS 3


THINK ACT
LEAN TELCO

FROM GROWTH TO COST-CUTTING


REVENUES OF EUROPEAN TELCOS HAVE BEEN
IN DECLINE SINCE 2007

Fixed line and mobile telecom revenues [USD bn]

-2%
467
+7% 450 448 442
432 428
421
413 409
404 406 403 398

368

338

310

287

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014e 2015e 2016e

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LEAN TELCO

The result is the lean telco blueprint, conceptualized by Comparisons with other industries show that this is a
Roland Berger experts and assessed in close collabora- common development. The automotive industry's
tion with international CXOs and strategy departments. ­answer to stagnating growth was to shift value creation
Implementing this approach requires courage and risk to its suppliers, for example. Today, major technical in-
tolerance. It will force some telecom players to turn every- novations in cars, such as next-generation assistance
thing upside-down and require rethinking deeply en- or safety systems, are developed by suppliers, while
trenched old habits, processes and structures. It will be large automotive manufacturers focus on car design
tough, but – for many players, at least – the only way to and technology integration. This concentration on core
become fit for the future. competencies enables them to reduce the complexity
of their own organization.
Fundamental shift of value creation
toward vendors and partners
To understand the current market needs even better,
we interviewed CXOs from fixed line operators, mobile
and integrated players in Western and Eastern Europe.
The results were incorporated into a modularized blue-
print to support telecoms' long-term transformation
process. It provides guidance to a vision that optimizes
operations, reevaluates delivery models and improves
efficiency.
More than 90% of the interviewees think that such
a modularization might be a promising way to tackle
upcoming operational issues. Our interviews clearly "I believe that
­revealed that the times of pure cost-cutting are over
and priorities are shifting more and more toward smart efficiency will gain
efficiency. 65% of the managers interviewed agree
that both growth and efficiency are relevant, and 30% relevance and
even believe that efficiency is the only priority.
Many operators have started implementing and become the main
testing new models already, especially for ongoing
and CAPEX-intensive LTE rollouts and foreseeable objective along
5G investments. Examples of joint operations
­(Everything Everywhere in the UK or T-Mobile/­ with growth, if not
Orange in Poland) as well as outsourcing approach-
es (e.g. Hutchison 3G Austria with its network part- replace growth,
ner Huawei) illustrate this development. These
examples correspond with another result of our sur- in the medium
vey: that more than 50% of the respondents see a
strong need for partnering. "The core elements of
our future operations are to increase efficiency and
to long term."
to foster partnering as well as outsourcing," one EXECUTIVE OF A EUROPEAN TELECOM
manager stated. ATTACKER

ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS 5


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LEAN TELCO

2
The new paradigm. Lean means power-
ful, flexible and adjustable to current
and future market needs. It's not just
cutting costs but delayering operations
and pushing innovation.

Before telecom players define their future operating Each element of the matrix determines what strategies
model, it is absolutely crucial for them to clarify their or approaches to smart reorganization are appropriate.
strategy first. Which functions will be categorized as Functions that have to be owned but do not need to be
"core"? Which will be "non-core" and thus up to negoti- available on a local level will become part of the head-
ation? Every business segment should be tested regard- quarters, for instance. The guiding principle is how to
ing market position as well as current and future finan- invest available resources in the most efficient way.
cial contribution. The same holds true for product lines. Financial resources of course need to be considered,
When growth was driven by new services and products, but IT capacity, workload and management attention
managing the increasing complexity was given lower pri- have to be kept in mind as well to achieve the best
ority. As a result, telecoms started to run several ser- possible return on investment and to remain flexible.
vices, often with additional systems not fully integrated Here's an example: An operator cuts off its very
into the IT landscape, leading to a tangled mess. specialized B2B large accounts business and focuses
Our survey revealed three key questions for clarify- on standardized products instead. It no longer needs
ing the strategy and – in the second step – reducing to consider the complexity of individual projects. Thus,
complexity in products and services: it can significantly reduce the number of client-tailored
> Which markets do we want to be active on? solutions and shift resources to apply comparable pro-
> Which services/products do we want to offer? cesses in its residential and small to medium-sized
> How do we get from here to there? enterprise (SME) business.
The general guideline should be: Eliminate as many This assessment involves three general steps. The
services and offers as reasonably possible and reduce company has to provide transparency coping with the
process complexity from a value perspective. Scrutinize difficulty of allocating costs to their originator. While
every function in your company: "We have analyzed ev- analyzing the possibility to discontinue certain seg-
ery single function from two points of view: Do we need ments in the second step, the contribution margin of
it on a local or on a global level?" a manager at a UK each segment to cover fixed (network) cost must be
telecom player told us. "And do we have to control it considered. And once it has been decided which seg-
completely or could it be managed by an external part- ments to split, management has to find the easiest way
ner?" Proximity and ownership – those are the two to do so. This is often determined by the technologies
parameters that have to be analyzed on the way to be- applied. For example, it is much easier to break up an
coming lean. They are easy to visualize in a matrix. B operator into fixed and mobile than to separate SME

6 ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS


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LEAN TELCO

from small office/home office (SoHo) business, be- efficiency can't be a story in itself. Second, the transfor-
cause the latter use the same network infrastructure. mation toward lean requires various structural changes
Becoming "lean" is about more than just downsiz- with considerable impact on the employees, as signifi-
ing an operator. Our lean telco approach aims at cant portions of the workforce could be transferred to
strengthening its core. The overarching principle is to partner companies or joint ventures. This might lead to
minimize complexity on a strategic level. That's what relocations for employees and a modified financial
we call "lean". Lean does not mean small. Lean means structure, for instance. Therefore, growth elements
powerful, flexible and adjustable to current and future should be interwoven with messages purely focused on
market needs. With this clarified strategy of smart re- higher efficiency and better operating models.
organization, the operator can focus on growth again. Once the redefined strategy and its growth story
This growth is not achieved with endless product varia- are in place, the blueprint has to be tailored to the
tions realized through complex IT solutions, but rather telco's specific situation.
with a flexible core that allows the integration of addi- Our interviews revealed four essential components
tional modules via clear interfaces. for doing so:
This opportunity to refocus on growth is particularly 1. Defining core and non-core functions
important in an industry accustomed to growth. First, 2. Partnering for non-core activities
the capital markets want a story with elements of growth 3. Delayering the operator
as a major value driver. An ongoing, multi-year focus on 4. Pushing innovation

B
THE LEAN TELCO MATRIX
Functional decision criteria

High

Global partnership/ Global core/


outsourcing headquarter function

PROXIMIT Y

Local partnership/ Local core function


outsourcing

Low

Low OWNERSHIP High

ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS 7


THINK ACT
LEAN TELCO

"Defining clear 1. Defining core and non-core


functions
interfaces helped What should the operator look like in the future? First,

us to identify the management has to look at every single function to


identify it as core or non-core. The core functions will

core processes. focus on strategic tasks and the steering of non-core


functions, such as shared and customer services, pro-

This additional curement or mass delivery processes. In the non-core


functions, the focus will be on improving efficiency and

transparency creating synergies.


This separation implies that only a minor part of

itself increased today's headcount will form part of the future core.
­Depending on the legal structure of the non-core

efficiency." ­elements, significant transfers of employees have to


be managed, as mentioned above. Additionally, the
P&L will change significantly, if various former internal
EXECUTIVE OF A EUROPEAN TELECOM operation costs are externalized.
INCUMBENT
2. Partnering for non-core activities
Alternative partner models are a recommended way to
improve efficiencies within the non-core activities. The
majority of the interviewed experts agree that there is
a strong need for partnership. "It is a core element for
us," said an executive of a provider in CEE.
The overall idea of these alternative models is to
increase synergies and share them among the part-
ners. In our interviews, network, IT and call centers
were mentioned most often as areas where partnering
is already very relevant today. When asked about areas
where partnering may be relevant in the future, the ex-
perts most often named cross-industry functions such
as accounting and payroll.
The approaches to partnering vary widely and
strongly depend on the structure of the operator and
the local partners available. For example: A multina-
tional operator group can centralize its core network
operations, making local centers redundant, and save
on headcount and equipment. The group is partnering
internally across its subsidiaries. In contrast, a stand-
alone operator cannot apply this approach and has
to look for external partners. It can partner with its

8 ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS


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LEAN TELCO

network equipment vendor by transferring responsibili- To foster innovation, the incentive system should incor-
ty for network operations to the vendor, for instance. porate it as a central element. Industries such as the
The latter can create synergies by integrating the unit semiconductor business, with its consistently defined
into its global operations center. research career paths and awards for inventions and
Other partnership models include working with technological breakthroughs, can be role models in
competitors and specialized service providers. If this regard. The incentive system might include idea
carve-out models are relevant and the carved-out contests for all employees, innovation training and
units have a reasonable size, financial investors can be workshops and publicly announced rewards for the
partners, too. Even IPOs for carved-out units can be best inventions.
considered with a high number of shareholders as
financial partners.

3. Delayering the operator


Delayering, or removing organizational layers, aims to
simplify steering and define clear interfaces. For his-
torical reasons, operators are very monolithic in terms
of organizational structure and especially IT. Redefin-
ing functional responsibilities with clear interaction
and relevant steering methodologies improves trans-
parency and therefore efficiency. Moreover, it increas-
es the flexibility for future structural modifications of
core and non-core activities. As the definition of core
and non-core as well as the market environment might
change over time, the operator may need a partner for
additional functions. Establishing such a partnership
will be much easier if the functions are clearly separat-
ed from each other via standardized interfaces.

4. Pushing innovation
For both core and non-core activities, it will be
increasingly important to focus on innovation. In the
past, operators innovated mainly on the product
level, either through large-scale introductions of
completely new service lines such as DSL and mobile
broadband or, more often, by offering new tariffs. In
the future, process innovation will be the major driver
to generate an advantage in customer perception,
automate processes and provide services cost-effi-
ciently. A look at other industries can help provide
know-how in production systems (e.g. aviation) or
automation (automotive industry).

ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS 9


THINK ACT
LEAN TELCO

THE LEAN TELCO BLUEPRINT


REDUCING COMPLEXIT Y BY DELAYERING

BY DISTINGUISHING THE KEY SEGMENTS OF MARKETING, SALES & SERVICE,


NETWORK & IT AND SUPPORT FUNCTIONS, THE LEAN TELCO BLUEPRINT MAKES
IT POSSIBLE TO LEVERAGE SYNERGIES IN BRAND MANAGEMENT, NETWORK
INTEGRATION AND STREAMLINED HEADQUARTER FUNCTIONS

Shop partnerships
STRONG BRAND

1
MARKETING, Marketing
Call center partnerships
SALES & Sales & channel steering
Field service joint ventures
SERVICE Customer service E-sales joint ventures
Wholesale centers

Network partnerships
> e.g. 2G/3G/LTE sharing,
FTTx
INTEGRATED NETWORK

2
Fixed network planning Billing partnerships
NETWORK & management
> e.g. with another telco
& IT Mobile network planning Outsourcing
> Fixed network
Lean IT architecture construction
> Unbundled local loop
platform
> I T

Shared services
STREAMLINED HQ > Accounting
> Payroll

3 SUPPORT
FUNCTIONS
Strategy
Procurement
Finance & Controlling
> Procurement joint
ventures: network,
devices, IT, content

Outsourcing
Talent Management > Facility Management
> Fleet Services

10 ROLAND
ROLAND
BERGER
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STRATEGY
STRATEGY
CONSULTANTS
CONSULTANTS
THINK ACT
LEAN TELCO

3
The lean telco blueprint. Defining three
key layers with a clear focus on strategy
and steering.

Based on the four components, we envisioned the financially. This can range from passive or active
blueprint of a future lean telco player as shown in the sharing approaches in the mobile network to local
illustration. C loop unbundling platform partnering models with
A lean telco core, therefore, consists of three key competitors. Regarding mass processes in network
layers: maintenance, an outsourcing model can be consid-
> Marketing, Sales & Service ered. More sophisticated partnering models bundle
> Network & IT the maintenance operations teams of various players
> Support Functions in one market, providing the service for all partners in
For Marketing, Sales & Service, the focus lies on the a joint venture.
future brand, which today is usually the responsibility of The core IT team focuses on defining the IT land-
the marketing department. The unit defines the overall scape architecture and selecting appropriate provid-
brand, channel and service strategy as well as product ers. In keeping with the delayering aspect, the land-
and service development. It selects and steers retail scape is modularized with clear interfaces so that IT
partners and negotiates contracts (especially legal partners can be changed for selected systems. The
terms and conditions) as well as service level agree- architecture must also define interfaces for major sys-
ments. Performance of mass processes is tracked and tems such as CRM, billing and network management,
new models are continuously tested with partners. so that any one of these can be changed or updated
If performance is poor, then processes or partners are without affecting the others.
changed. For example, cooperating with several shop- The role of the Support Functions unit is also in
cultur partners makes it possible to test slightly different line with a focus on strategy and steering. Therefore,
shop designs and agents as well as performance and key tasks will be the definition of the overall operator
incentive systems. Additionally, the unit provides the strategy, Talent Management, Strategic Procurement
partner with advertising material, handsets and training. and Finance & Controlling. Additionally, legally re-
The key responsibilities of Network & IT are quired tasks have to remain in this core, especially
planning the fixed line and mobile network, selecting teams for regulatory as well as compliance and audit
vendors, steering partnerships and designing the IT management. Again, mass processes for Payroll,
architecture. Regional rollout planning, especially for Accounting and Facility Management will be steered
fiber and LTE, is performed in alignment with marketing and controlled here.
and sales requirements. Vendor and technology part-
ners are managed based on the service level agree- Lean means leveraging synergies
ments and agreed KPIs.
New partnership models for the mobile and fixed Once an operator has defined its lean core, mass
segments are assessed organizationally as well as processes will become non-core. These are not

ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS 11


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LEAN TELCO

sufficient to provide significant differentiation on the From a loose collection of tools to a


market; however, a certain standard of quality has truly coherent vision
to be assured at the highest possible efficiency.
For Marketing, Sales & Service processes, this can Our interviews revealed that many telecoms already
be done by tapping synergies through various part- apply frameworks and continuous improvement ap-
nering models. For example, operators can partner proaches like Lean, Six Sigma or Kaizen. Nevertheless,
with different retail chains to set up shop-in-shop complexity, ownership and silo-thinking seem to be the
models. The e-channel can be transferred to a reasons why a centralized simplification of processes
specialized partner that manages the online shop is still out of reach. "We still have inconsistencies in
together with the logistics. the long-term view within our own company," a Swiss
For several customer services, outsourcing models manager explained in our survey. These inconsisten-
or carve-outs can be an option. Sharing or relocating cies might become a roadblock on the way to an even
call centers alone results in total OPEX savings of leaner operating model. And the strategist of a CEE
0.5-1.0% on average. Outsourced field services could telecom player conceded that there are "some parts
be bundled with the services delivered by utilities or remaining of the old silo structure".
consumer electronic players, for instance. Overall, there's overwhelming commitment to leaner
Within Network & IT, the major driver for synergies structures: Around 60% of the interviewees in our survey
is partnering on infrastructure. Sharing mobile infra- "strongly agree" with the lean telco blueprint, another
structure is already a proven standard approach. Mod- 25% "partly agree". Despite such high acceptance, half
els such as the carve-out of towers into separate legal of the respondents say that their corporation has no
entities have been tested in some countries, too need for action. More than 40% of the interviewees be-
(examples: American Towers, Albertis, Millicom). lieve that their company is already on track: "We operate
Partnerships with providers for network equipment and in a lean way and our product development is similar to
services as well as for IT operation should be evaluated a lean factory," one executive stressed.
regarding their savings potential. Our analyses for This analysis might hold true when measured by
European players indicate that such partnerships can former telecom standards. However, compared to oth-
realistically cut total CAPEX by 13-14%. er industries, and considering that most executives
Regarding Support Functions in headquarters, the recognize that efficiency will become a top priority, it
majority can be transferred to specialized partners. sounds absurd. Telecoms are in denial: Their mindset
Payroll Management, Procurement, Fleet and Facility is often still growth-oriented and hence has no room
Management can be purchased in a standardized way. for the required move to smart efficiency, even as they
Just the lean organization of procurement processes acknowledge that markets are shrinking.
alone can help reduce total OPEX by up to 5%. For Obviously, changing such a mindset takes time. It
operator groups, shared models are an alternative: may take even more time than a "regular" change due
resources of various subsidiaries are pooled in one to the new and challenging approach. Don't underesti-
country, therefore saving on headcount. mate the difficulty: It is anything but easy to anchor
In all models, preparing and structuring the part- lean thinking (or to release "change capacity", as one
nership is key. A thorough definition of the legal frame- of the interviewed experts called it) among managers
work is time and effort well spent. Issues that seem used to investing millions or billions of euros in growth
insignificant in the preparation phase can snowball as scenarios or developing fancy new products. Employ-
the partnership progresses, developing into major ees have to be convinced that lean means smart. That
challenges if no standard approach to dealing with it's worth focusing on the core business, to invest ener-
them has been defined. gy in optimizing and refining internal interfaces and

12 ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS


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LEAN TELCO

processes. That the result will not only be lower costs sphere should be instilled as the transformation is
but a more transparent, more flexible and more inno- complex and depends on external partners. Addition-
vative company. ally, innovations normally have a certain failure rate.
To account for that fact, an ongoing communication
How to set up a step-by-step and compliance with these guidelines is key during the
master plan implementation. Trial and error and the acceptance of
failure are crucial if companies want to foster a culture
Transformation will take several years. Therefore, the of innovation and dare to promote bold managers.
process should be started sooner rather than later. On
the one hand, communication technologies, customer
demands and competition are developing faster than
ever. On the other hand, it's a question of cashflow:
If revenues begin to erode faster than costs can be
reduced, it may already be too late. Every change costs
money. So it's much easier to become lean as long as
there is sufficient financial leeway.
Based on a clarified strategy with a leaner product
and service portfolio, a step-by-step master plan with
emphasis on the various partnering approaches needs
to be devised. The blueprint, or its elements identified
as key for an operator, can be implemented in a mod-
ular approach, understanding that there is no golden
rule for which functions to begin with. This depends on
the status of the preparation, the available partners "The process to a
and an assessment of management regarding the
highest need for action. However, each year clear lean telco provider
transformation targets should be defined and a review,
including an update of the strategy with regard to will be a very slow
changes in the market environment, needs to be con-
ducted. At the same time, as argued above, a growth one. Many still
focus has to be included.
The key is to generate commitment for the master think in their old
plan within top management, including the supervisory
board. This is a challenge for international players in structures and
particular, as one interviewee reported, because "we
need a global as well as a local alignment". A second lean thinking is
source spoke about the problem of internal turf bat-
tles: "We have to fight hard to overcome regional king- not anchored in
doms." We see two kinds of potential risks that have to
be assessed: organizational ones (if employees rebel
against the new approach, for instance) and operation-
their minds."
al ones (securing delivery). Hence, mitigation strate- STRATEGIST OF A EUROPEAN TELECOM
gies should be in place and a failure-tolerant atmo- ATTACKER

ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS 13


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LEAN TELCO

D Key success factors and why it's


A LEAN TELCO APPROACH OFFERS HUGE worth becoming lean
SAVINGS POTENTIAL
As our interviews revealed, the transformation
OPEX [arb. units] toward a lean telco is a key topic on European CXOs'
agendas in saturated markets. Some elements of the
lean approach have been tested, but this radical ap-
100 proach requires a new organizational setup, an
up to open-minded attitude as well as operational and
financial backing from stakeholders.
-20% Based on the definition of the core, partnering ap-
proaches, delayering and innovation, future telecoms
will look and act completely different. The strategic
80-88
lean core will steer selected partners that carry out
mass processes for the operator. The speed of imple-
mentation and the scope of the transformation will
vary widely, but the blueprint will provide guidance for
the overall direction. D
To summarize the necessary steps, telcos will need:
> Top management sponsorship to communicate and
support the idea
> A central "lean team" with sufficient experience to
coordinate and support all projects
> A change in corporate culture to embrace the idea of
continuous improvement and manage the expecta-
tions of all stakeholders accordingly
> End-to-end optimization of operational, administra-
tive and management processes
> Lean initiatives initiated bottom-up and integration
of the employees in the process to foster a motivated
and innovative culture.
The path to becoming lean might be bumpy, but it's
worth the effort: In total, a successful implementation
will enable annual OPEX reductions of up to 20%. Thus,
EBITDA margins will increase significantly.
These figures and the ability to create a flexible and
modern telecom player with a clear focus are the ingre-
dients for promising prospects, which are appreciated
by shareholders and financial markets alike. Thus,
even in times of shrinking margins, a lean player can
plausibly tell a new growth story.
before after
LEAN TELCO APPROACH

14 ROLAND BERGER STRATEGY CONSULTANTS


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LEAN TELCO

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TELCO 2020: How DELIVERY MODEL CONNECTED RolandBergerStrategy
Telcos transform for 2.0: Vision for the MOBILIT Y 2025 Consultants
the "Smartphone future business
Society" model The answer to how to
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While usage and Merely reacting to problem of increasing
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telecom operators detailed customer Integrated offers and
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do to fight their aim to earn money in of transportation
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Google?

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Publisher Our experts welcome


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STRATEGY CONSULTANTS GMBH
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