LESSON 5.

RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.

The relative clause takes the subjunctive when it expresses

- a characteristic quality of the antecedent

- purpose or result
- cause, concession or opposition.

A. RELATIVE CLAUSE WITH THE CHARACTERISTIC SUBJUNCTIVE

The relative clause in the subjunctive often expresses the nature or characteristic quality
of the antecedent. This occurs:

1) after the adjectives dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, unus and solus

Example:
Dignus est qui laudetur. He is deserving of praise.

2) after is, eiusmodi, talis, tam, tantus, etc.

Example:

Non is sum qui mortis perículo terrear. I am not one to be frightened at the danger of death.
Neque enim tu is es qui nescias. Nor are you such a one as not to know.

3) after the general and indefinite expressions: est, sunt, reperiuntur, nemo est, quis est?, etc.

Example:
Nemo est qui hoc fácere audeat. No one would dare to do this.

4) with est quod, non est quod, quid est causae quod, habeo quod, etc.

Example:
Nihil habeo quod accusem senectutem. I have no reproach to make against old age.

5) after comparatives with quam

Example:
Clementior est quam qui irasci possit. He is too kind to get angry.

B. RELATIVE CLAUSE OF PURPOSE OR RESULT

The relative clause takes the subjunctive when it expresses purpose or result. This occurs
when qui stands for ut ego, tu, is, etc.

Example:
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 Non is est qui hoc dicat.
He is not such a one that he would say this.

Nemo tam immanis est cuius (ut eius) mentem non imbúerit Dei opinio.
No one is so barbarous as not to have some idea of God.

Hómini natura rationem dedit qua regerentur ánimi impetus.

Nature has given reason to man that by it he may rule the passions of his soul.

C. RELATIVE CLAUSE OF CAUSE OR CONCESSION

When qui stands for cum (quamvis) ego, tu, is (since, although), the relative clause
takes the subjunctive to express cause, concession or opposition.

Example:
Tibi qui me adiuveris, grátias ago.
I thank you who (because you) helped me.

Peccasse mihi vídeor qui a te discesserim.

I feel as if I had done wrong because I went away from you.

Multi etiam nunc credunt Chaldaeis quorum (quamvis eorum) praedicta eventis videant
refelli.
Many still believe the Chaldeans although they see that events have contradicted their prophecies.

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