PART - II (CHEMISTRY) - THERMODYNAMICS

ANSWER KEY & SOLUTION

H qrev
46. (a) We know S  53. (d) Applying S 
T T

H = 6.0 k mol-1 = 6 x 103 J mol-1, T=0oC=273K V2

But qrev  Wrev  2.303nRTlog V
1
6000
S   21.98 n=2, R=2 cal/mol K, T=27oC = (27 + 273)K = 300 K
273
V2 = 20 litre, V1 = 2 litre
47. (c) For N NaNO3(s)  Na 
(aq)  NO 
3(aq) pase tran- qrev = 2.303 x nRT log10 = 2.303 nRT
sition is fro solid to liquid solution, hence
entropy is increasing 2.303nRT
S   2.303  2  2  9.2calK 1mol1
T
48. (b) For feasibility of a reaction
54. (c) At the stage of equilibrium, entropy change
G = H - TS = -ve
remains constant.
If H = +ve and S = -v, then G = +ve
i.e. reeaction is not feasible.
55. (b) H has minimum value at equilibrium
i.e. at G = 0.
49. (c) Exotheric reactions are spontaneous at low
Since G = H-TS,  =TS
temperature.
H=298 x 150 = 44700 J = 44.7 kJ

50. (d) The given reaction is exothermic i.e., H

56. (c) N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
is -ve and entropy change is given positive.
H = U + ngRT
Both the factors are favouring the reaction.
n(g) = 2-(1+3) = -2
Hence reaction will take plac at any
H = U - 2RT. Hence H=U
teperature.

57. (c) Enthalpy change is a state function.

51. (b) 2C(s)H18(g) + 25O2(g)  16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)
Its a process of combustion so H ust be 1
58. (a) CO  O2  CO2 ;Q 3  ?
negative. 2
Since number of ols of gaseous products are Q2 = -10, Q1 = -12
ore than that of reactants, hence entropy H i.e. Q3 =  H f(product)    Hf(reac tant)
change must be positive i.e., entropy increases. = -12 - (-10) = -2
The signs of H and S confirs the negativity
59. (d)
of G. As G = H-TS = negative.
2Al + Cr2O3  2Cr + Ar2O3 H = ?
Hf : 0 -1134 0 -1596
52. (b) Gasesous state has more randomness than
liquid state. Hence vaporization of water
H =  H f(product)   Hf(reac tant)
= -1596 -(-1134) = -462 kJ
produces more randomness.
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 60. (c) Absolute value of enthalpy (H) cannot be 200  Hf(CO2 )  100
determined. We can only calculate change in
Hf(CO2 )  200  100  300kJ
enthalpy.
67. (c) Heat of formation of compounds may be
61. (b) 1 mole H2SO4 = 2g equivalents of H2SO4 negative or positive.
2 moles NaOH = 2g equivalents of NaOH
Heat released for neutralization of 2g equiva- 68. (a) In exothermic reaction, heat is released,
lents of a strong acid/base = 2 x 57.3kJ. so the products have lesser energy than the
reacting substances.
62. (b) We know H = E + ngRT
If not gaseous substance is involved in the 69. (b) Evaporation of water is endothermic process.
reaction.
70. (b) In the process of combustion heat is
then ng = 0 always released hence H is always negative.
H = E
71. (b) For example : Na+ + OH– + H+ + Cl–
 Na+ + Cl– + H2O
1
63. (a) CH4  O2  CH3OH; H  negative i.e. H+ + OH-  H2O
2
Thus heat of neutralization of a strong acid
Hcombustion : x
with strong base is constant.
H  x  (y),i.e.,y  x  negative
Hence x > y
72. (b)
64. (b) More energy results in less stability
73. (c)
65. (a) Combustion of CS2 to form CO2 and SO2
can be shown as 74. (a) We know that
CS2 + 3O2  CO2 + 2SO2 H = ?
Hf : 117 0 -393 2 x -297 qP = qv  ngRT i.e. H = E + ngRT
(kJ) qV = qP  ngRT
H = Hf(product)  Hf(reac tant) qV = -780.9 - (1.5 x 2 x 298 x 10-3)
= [-393 + 2 x (-297)] - 117 = -781.8 kcal
= -393 - 594 - 17 = -1104 kJ mol-1

66. (d) reaction C + O2  CO2 is a reaction of 75. (a) E = q-W (for expansion)
formation of CO2. Heat of this reaction is In case of adiabatic expansion q = 0
actually heat of formation of CO2.  E = W
1
CO  O2  CO2 ; H  200kJ
2 76. (b) Isolated systm does not exchange matter
Hf (kJ) :100 or energy with surroudings.
H  Hf(product)  Hf(reacant)

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 77. (a) since the system is insulated, hence heat
is not allowed to enter or leave from system.
Thus q = 0
E  q  W  E  W
78. (c) For an isothermal and reversible process,
T=0. So U=0. Hence H = 0
87. (b)
88. (a) G = H - TS. According to sings of H
and TS. G can be lesser or greater or equal
to H.
89. (a) For spontaneity, Go = -nFEo = -ve
Go will be negative only if Eo is positive.

79. (c) For exothermic reactions H=negative. Thus

they are spontaneous at low temperature. 90. (a) when the system is at equilibrium, G=0

80. (c) Forward reaction A+BAB is associate with

decreased or randomness, hence for the fea-
sibility of reaction H must be negative i.e.,
exothermic

81. (b) in the process of neutralization heat is

always released

82. (c) more the enthalpy of formation less will

be the stability

83. (d) According to Lavoisier and Laplace, heat

change of a reaction is equal and opposite
to heat change involved with reverese reaction
2NH3  N2 + 3H2
H = 46.2 x 2 = 92.4 kJ

84. (a)

85. (c) If H < 0 i.e., H is negative and S >

0., S is positive, then at all temperature
conditions process will be spontaneous

86. (c) The favourable condition for spontaneous

reactions are H = -ve, S = +ve, i.e.,
incrasing disorder.
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