PREFACE ‘The finite clement method is firmly established as @ powerful and popular analysis tool. It is applied to many different problems of continua but is most widely used for structural mechanics. Accordingly, structural mechanics is emphiisized in this book, with lesser excursions into other areas such as heat conduction The finite clement literature is very large. In a book this size it would scarcely be possible even to list all publications, let alone discuss all useful procedures. This text is introductory and is oriented more toward the eventual practitioner than toward the theoretician, The book contains enough material for a two semester course. We assume that the reader has the following background. Undergraduate courses in calculus, staties, dynamics, and mechanics of materials must be mastered Matix operations (summarized in Appendix A) must be understood. More ad. vanced studies—theory of elasticity, energy methods, numerical analysis, and so ‘on—are not essential. Occasionally these studies must be called upon, but only for their elementary concepts. ‘The specific elements discussed are often quite good, but we do not claim that they are the best available, Rather, these elements illustrate useful concepts and procedures. Similarly, blocks of Fortran code in the book illustrate the steps of an element formulation, of an algorithm for equation solving, or of finite element bookkeeping, but they may not be the most efficient coding available, These blocks cf code can form the basis of various semester projects if'so desired, However, the principal purpose of most of these blocks of code is to state precisely the content of certain procedures, and they thereby serve as aids to understanding, Software entitled FEMCOD js intended for use with the book. FEMCOD is a framework” program for time-independent finite element analysis: it provides the machinery for input of data, assembly of elements, assignment of loads and boundary conditions, and solution of equations. The user may supply coding for 8 particular element and for postprocessing (such as stress calculation). To in stitutions that adopt this textbook, FEMCOD, with instructions for use and ex amples, is available on diskette (rom the publisher (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y., 10158) Our presentation of structural dynamics is based partially on the finite element course notes of Ted Belytschko, We gratefully acknowledge his advice and as- sistance. The inspiration for the discussion of optimal lumping came originally from tsaac Fried. We are also grateful to T. J. R. Hughes, W. K. Liu, and V. Snyder for their insights. Not the least of our thanks is to Beth Brown, who typed ‘and retyped with her usual intelligence and dependability, despite substantial other commitments, and without ever suggesting that the task might be tiresome. Madison, Wisconsin R. D. Coox October 1988 D. S. MaLKus: M. E. PLesua.CONCEPTS AND : APPLICATIONS F FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ostCONCEPTS - THIRD EDITION AND ros | AEPLICATICANS FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS \ROBERT D. COOK DAVID S. MALKUS Madison, Bis GTAEL E. PLESHA wei Su Of Wisconsin—Madison @ JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore) OAIKT : : and VAG ARM ANAL Hera tan, 247.076 neascs 9% gem Copysight © 1974, 1981, 1989, by Jobn Wiley & Sons, Ine. ocean ua {All cights reserved, Published simultaneously in Canada, Messe Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright ‘Act without the permission of the copyright toner is unlawful. Requests for permission for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Library of Congres Cataloging in Publication Dato ‘Cook, Robert Davis ‘Concepts and applications of finite element analysis. ‘Bibliography: p. Ineludes index. 1 Structural analysis (Engineering) 2. Finite clement method, I. Malkus, David S. Ul. Plesha, Michael B. UL Tie. TAG6.C56 1969 | 6U4.1TL— 8827929 987654321About the Authors Robert D, Cook received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Illinois in 1963, He then went o the University of Wisconsin—Madison, where he is Professor of Engineering Mechanics. His tesearch interests include stress analysis and fini element methods. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical En sineers. With Warren C. Young, he is coauthor of Advanced Mechanics of Ma terials (Macmillan, 1985) ‘The first edition of Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis was Published in 1974 and the second in 1981, both with Dr. Cook as sole author, David S. Malkus received his Ph.D. from Boston University in 1976. He spent ‘vo years at the National Bureau of Standards and seven years in the Mathematics Department of Illinois Institute of Technology. He is now Professor of Engineering Mechanics and a professor in the Center for Mathematical Sciences at the Uni- versity of Wisconsin—Madison. His research interests concern the application of.the finite element method to problems of structural and continuum mechanics, in particular the flow of non-Newtonian fluids. He is a member of the Rheology Research Center (University of Wisconsin—Madison), the American Academy of Mechanics, the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and the Society of Rheology. Michael B. Plesha received his B.S. degree from the University of Illinois at Chicago, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Northwestern University, the Ph.D. degree in 1983. After a short stay at Michigan Technological University, he joined the Engineering Mechanics Department at the University of Wisconsin— Madison, where he is an associate professor. His research interests include con- stitutive modeling and finite element analysis of contact-friction problems, tran- sient finite element analysis, and geomechanics,PREFACE ‘The finite clement method is firmly established as 2 powerful and popular analysis tool. It is applied to many different problems of continua but is most widely used for structural mechanics. Accordingly, structural mechanics is emphasized in this book, with lesser excursions into other areas such as heat conduction. The finite clement literature is very large. In a book this size it would scarcely be possible even to list all publications, let alone discuss all useful procedures, ‘This text is introductory and is oriented more toward the eventual practitioner than toward the theoretician. The book contains enough material for a two. semester course, We assume that the reader has the following background. Undergraduate courses in calculus, statics, dynamics, and mechanics of materials must be mastered. Matrix operations (summarized in Appendix A) must be understood. More ad. vanced studies—theory of elasticity, energy methods, numerical analysis, and so ‘on-—are not essential. Occasionally these studies must be called upon, but only for their elementary concepts. . The specific clements discussed are often quite good, but we do not claim that they are the best available. Rather, these elements illustrate useful concepts and Procedures. Similarly, blocks of Fortran code in the book illustrate the steps of an element formulation, of an algorithm for equation solving, or of finite element bookkeeping, but they may not be the most efficient coding available. These blocks of code can form the basis of various scmester projects if so desired, However, the principal purpose of most of these blocks of code is to state precisely the content of certain procedures, and they thereby serve as aids to understanding. Software entitled FEMCOD is intended for use with the book, FEMCOD is « “framework” program for time-independent finite element analysis: it provides the machinery for input of data, assembly of elements, assignment of loads and boundary conditions, and solution of equations. The user may supply coding for @ particular element and for postprocessing (such as stress calculation), To in- stitutions that adopt this textbook, FEMCOD, with instructions for use and ex- amples, is available on diskette from the publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y., 10158), Our presentation of structural dynamics is based partially on the finite element Course notes of Ted Belytschko. We gratefully acknowledge his advice and as- sistance. The inspiration for the discussion of optimal lumping came originally from Isaac Fried, We arc also grateful to T. J. R. Hughes, W. K. Liu, and V. Snyder for their insights. Not the least of our thanks is to Beth Brown, who typed and retyped with her usual intelligence and dependability, despite substantial other commitments, and without ever suggesting that the task might be tiresome. Madison, Wisconsin R. D, Cook October 1988 D. S. MaLKus M. EF. PLesna vil