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J. Biol. Chem.-1929-Barbour-29-45
J. Biol. Chem.-1929-Barbour-29-45
BY A. D. BARBOUR.
(FTom the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada.)
Preparation of Glycogen.
The glycogen used was prepared and purified by a modification
of the method of Pfliiger (7). The livers of healthy rabbits were
found to be the best source of material. The animals were well
fed with carrots, and about 4 hours later were killed by a blow on
the head. The livers were removed as quickly as possible, and
immediately covered with an equal weight of caustic potash
solution of sp. gr. 1.44 (42 per cent by weight KOH). The mix-
ture was heated for 3 hours on a boiling water bath, cooled, diluted
with an equal volume of water, and the glycogen precipitated by
A. D. Barbour 31
the addition of sufficient 95 per cent alcohol to make the final con-
centration of alcohol 66 per cent. After standing for a short time,
the supernatant fluid was decanted from the sticky precipitate, and
the latter was dissolved in a quantity of water equal to the volume
of the original solution. This solution was heated to boiling and
filtered through a cotton or asbestos plug. The glycogen was
again precipitated with alcohol. This second precipitate, after
the supernatant fluid was decanted, was redissolved in the same
volume of water, and carefully adjusted with glacial acetic acid
to the turning point of phenolphthalein. 2 drops of glacial acetic
acid were added in excess, and the solution heated to boiling and
Estimation of Glycogen.
The determination of glycogen was carried out by a modifica-
tion of the method of Pfluger (10) and Imamura (11). A con-
venient quantity for the determination is 5 cc. of solution. The
sample is treated with an equal weight of a solution of KOH of
sp. gr. 1.44, and heated on a boiling water bath for 3 hours under
an air condenser. The resulting mixture is treated with an equal
volume of water, and a sufficient volume of 95 per cent alcohol is
added to make the final concentration of alcohol 66 per cent.
The sample is then allowed to stand overnight to complete the
precipitation of the glycogen.
The supernatant liquid is decanted through a filter paper,
care being taken that as little as possible of the precipitate gets
on the paper. The precipitate is washed by decantation, once
with 20 cc. and then twice with 10 cc. of a saturated solution of
sodium chloride in 66 per cent alcohol. The precipitate is then
dissolved in hot water, in the same flask. The hot water is poured
in through the filter, in order to dissolve the last trace of glycogen.
A. D. Barbour 33
TABLE VI.
Hydrolysis of Glycogen by Salivary Amylase.
--
min. gm. I”. am.
0 0.960 0.000 0.000
10 0.876 0.084 0.010 8.4
20 0.750 0.210 0.027 7.8
40 0.478 0.482 0.093 5.2
60 0.304 0.656 0.160 4.1
120 0.134 0.826 0.200 4.1
amylase the increase in reducing power did not coincide with the
disappearance of glycogen, being proportionately less at first and
increasing steadily. The products also were different. Investi-
gation of the products of hydrolysis by the osazone method
showed that the characteristic osazone of the trisaccharide de-
scribed above was absent. The chief product was isomaltose.
Maltose could not be detected in any case, and glucose was only
occasionally present. Since the reducing power of the digests
was not at any time nearly enough to account for all the glycogen
destroyed, it would appear that dextrins are formed also.
A. D. Barhour 39
IIydrolylsis by Salivary Amylnse.
100 cc. of 1 per cent, glycogen were treated with 0.5 cc. of
filtered saliva at, pH = 6.3 for 2 hours at 37’. Samples were
taken at intervals for the determination of glycogen and sugar.
The results are shown in Table VI. It is evident that the ratio
of sugar formed is not constant, but increases continually during
the course of the hydrolysis.
Treatment of the hydrolyzed residue with phcnglhydrazine
resulted in the formation of an osazonc having the characteristic
crystalline form of the osazone of isomaltosc. No other osazone
could be detected. The osazonc when rcprccipitatcd and dried
Glyco~e”
Time. destroyed in
100 cc.
gether. This effect was observed both with the open chain tri-
saccharide and with the anhydride.
Since the products of hydrolysis inhibit the process, it was
thought that in solutions containing a sufficient concentration of
the trisaccharide and enzyme, it might be possible to attain the
enzymatic synthesis of glycogen, as has been done in the case of
protein. Nevertheless, under these conditions synthesis did not
occur. Although attempts were made with solutions which
varied in concentration from 20 per cent to the highest concen-
tration obtainable, and at hydrogen ion concentrations from pH 3 to
11, no increase was noted in the glycogen content of any of these
Aversse glycogen
content. Hydrolysis.
Added substance.
0 hr. 4 hrs. 24 hrs. 4 hrs. 24 hrs.
--__
per cent pet centper centper centper cent
Substance added.
0 hr. 4 hrs. 24 hrs. 4 hrs. 24 hrs.
-----
per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent
0.5 gm. trisaccharide.. 2.20 1.96 1.40 11 36
0.5 “ “ +0.5gm. albumin. 2.28 1.86 1.16 18 49
0.5 “ egg albumin.. 2.10 1.09 0.08 48 96
Control.. . 2.12 1.70 0.34 20 84
Anhydrotrisaccharide.
CONCLUSIONS.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1. Norris, R. V., Biochem. J., 7,26, 622 (1913); 8,421 (1914).
2. Rona, P., and Van Eweyk, C., Biochem. Z., 149,174 (1924).
3. Meyerhof, O., Biochem. Z., 178,395,462 (1926).
4. Lohmann, K., Biochem. Z., 178,444 (1926).
5. Pringsheim, H., Ber. them. Ges., 6’7, 1579 (1924).
6. Hunter, A., and Dauphinee, J. A., Proc. Roy. Sot. London, Series B, 97,
209 (1924).
7. Pfliiger, E., Arch. ges. Physiol., 96,1 (1903).