Mata Ajar : Fisiologi Manusia (2 SKS)

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju

 The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary
bladder, and one urethra

 After the kidneys filter blood plasma, they return most of the water and
solutes to the bloodstream.

 The remaining water and solutes constitute urine, which passes

through the ureters and is stored in the urinary bladder until it is
excreted from the body through the urethra.

 Nephrology (nef-ROL-o¯-je¯; nephr- kidney; -ology study of ) is the

scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the
kidneys.
 Functions of the kidneys include the following:
• Regulation of blood ionic composition.
• Regulation of blood pH.
• Regulation of blood volume.
• Regulation of blood pressure.
• Maintenance of blood osmolarity.
• Production of hormones.
• Regulation of blood glucose level
• Excretion of wastes and foreign substances.
Nephrons (NEF-rons)  unit fungsional ginjal yang paling kecil.
Setiap nefron terdiri dari :
a renal corpuscle  lokasi penyaringan darah
a renal tubule  lokasi filtrasi cairan yang lewat untuk dapat diserap kembali atau
dibuang melalui urin.

Dua komponen renal corpuscle (korpus ginjal) adalah glomerulus dan kapsula
bowman, yang mengelilingi kapiler glomerulus.

Plasma darah disaring dalam kapsul glomerulus, dan kemudian cairan yang
disaring masuk ke tubulus ginjal, yang memiliki tiga bagian utama. Dalam urutan
cairan yang melewati mereka, tubulus ginjal terdiri dari :

(1) proximal convoluted tubule or PCT (kon-vo¯-LOOT-ed),

(2) loop of Henle (nephron loop), and
(3) distal convoluted tubule or DCT.
To produce urine, nephrons and collecting ducts perform three basic processes—
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

Glomerular filtration  water and most solutes in blood plasma move across the
wall of glomerular capillaries, where they are filtered and move into the glomerular
capsule and then into the renal tubule.

Tubular reabsorption  As filtered fluid flows through the renal tubules and
through the collecting ducts, tubule cells reabsorb about 99% of the filtered water
and many useful solutes. Note that the term reabsorption refers to the return of
substances to the bloodstream.

Tubular secretion  the renal tubule and duct cells secrete other materials, such
as wastes, drugs, and excess ions, into the fluid. Notice that tubular secretion
removes a substance from the blood.
 Urinalisis
Analisis fungsi ginjal
secara fisik dan kimia
serta mikroskopik
Urinary Incontinence in Men
These waste management
systems include the following:

• Body buffers
• Blood
• Liver
• Lungs
• Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
• Gastrointestinal tract