RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

Chapter 2: Research Methodology

Meaning:

Research methodology is a systematic approach in management research to achieve pre-defined

objectives helps a researcher to guide during the course of research work. Rules and techniques stated
in research methodology save time and labour of the research as researchers know how to proceed to
conduct the study as per the objectives.

Objectives of the project-

 Methods of Data Collection:

Meaning of Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted

variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and
evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a component of research in all fields of study
including physical and social sciences, humanities, and business.

Importance of Data Collection

Regardless of the field of study or preference for defining data (quantitative or

qualitative), accurate data collection is essential to maintaining the integrity of research.
Both the selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly
developed) and clearly delineated instructions for their correct use reduce the likelihood of
errors occurring.

A formal data collection process is necessary as it ensures that the data gathered are both
defined and accurate and that subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the
findings are valid. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in
certain cases an indication of what to improve.
Methods of data collection are classified into two such are explained by
Diagram-
Primary Data:

Primary data are those which are collected fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be
original in character. Primary data are information collected by a researcher specifically for
a research assignment. In other words, primary data are information that a company must
gather because no one has complied and published the information in a forum accessible to
the public.

Method of Primary Data Collection:

There are several methods of collecting primary data, particularly in survey and descriptive
researches, such are as below:

a. Observation Method:

In observation method, the information is sought by the way of investigator’s own

direct observation without asking from the respondent.

b. Interview Method:
 Personal interviews the interviewer asks questions generally in a face to face contact.

c. Schedule Method:

In this method of data collection is very much like the collection of data through
questionnaires, with little difference that lies in the fact that schedules containing a set
of questions are being filled in by the enumerators who are specially appointed for a
purpose.

d. Questionnaire Method:

In this method a questionnaire is mailed to the person concerned with a request to

answer the questions and return the questionnaire. This method is most extensively
applied in various researches of human and economic geography.

Secondary Data:

Secondary data are the data collected by a party not related to the research study but
collected these data for some other purpose and at different time in the past. If the
researcher uses these data then these become secondary data for the current users. These
maybe available in written, typed or in electronic forms. A variety of secondary information
sources is available to the researcher gathering data on an industry, potential product
applications and the market place. Secondary data is also used to gain initial insight into the
research problem. Secondary data is classified in terms of its source-either internal or
external. Internal, or in-house data, is secondary information acquired within the
organisation where research is being carried out. External secondary data is obtained from
outside sources.
 Sample Unit and Sample Size

Sample unit- The location for the study selected is Navi Mumbai.

Sample size- There is taken from Navi Mumbai area.

Tools for Analysing Data

The statistical tools are used for data analysis such as –

 Table

 Graph

 Bar charts

 Pie diagrams