Professional Documents
Culture Documents
nuevas humanidades
These subjects –History, Classics, Literature, and Divinity- were, with Mathematics, at
the core of the educational system and were believed to have peculiar virtues in
producing politicians, civil servants, Imperial administrators and legislators… Alas,
the rising tide of scientific and industrial societies, combined with the battering of
two World Wars, has shattered the confidence of humanists in their capacity to
lead or to instruct. Uncertain of their social function, their practitioners have taken
refuge in two desperate courses –both suicidal. Either they blindly cling to their
traditional attitudes and pretend that their function is what it was and that all will
be well so long as change is repelled, or they retreat into their own private
professional world and deny any social function to their subject. And so the
humanities are at the cross-roads, at a crisis in their existence: they must either
change the image that they present, adapt themselves to the needs of a society
dominated by science and technology, or retreat into social triviality” (J. H. Plumb,
“Introduction”, in Crisis in the Humanities, Penguin, 1964, 7-8).
Irrelevancia económica
The liberal arts and sciences have no economic value. Let me repeat that:
none, nada. Taught in the right spirit, they are useless from an economic
point of view. They are designed in fact to be downright wasteful. The
liberal arts’ ancient roots, after all, are from a world in which a few free
men had the time -- the leisure -- to engage in study. It was for the elite.
The purpose of the liberal arts in ancient times was to offer to the elite the
knowledge, morals, and skills (like oratory) that they needed to determine
what was good for individuals and the public, and to help achieve that
good in society through citizenship. (Johann Neem, “The Liberal Arts,
Economic Value, and Leisure”)
Irrelevancia social y cultural
Fish, Stanley. “Will the Humanities Save Us?,” The New York Times,
January 6, 2008.
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/06/will-the-
humanities-save-us/
In addition to the decline of federal funding, a shrinking job
market, and the new pressures of globalization, the most significant
internal challenges confronting the Humanities have emerged
from the hegemony of techno-science, the impact of the ‘new
media’ revolution, the rise of expert cultures on the one hand and,
on the other, the unprecedented democratic proliferation of new
interdisciplinary fields, such as gender, ethnic, disability, and
African-American studies, as well as studies of non-European
cultures, all of which put the traditional canon and the ‘common’
mission of the Humanities into question” (Bono et al, 2008, A Time
for the Humanities. Futurity and the Limits of Autonomy, New York,
Fordham University Press, 2008 2)
Debilidad epistémica
1. “soft sciences”
2. “mere interpretation”
3. “epistemic relativism”
Algunas reacciones
1. Conformistas
2. Nostálgicos
3. Renovadores
- Humanidades y humanismo:
Proteger la dignidad del hombre
i) Textualidad
ii) Humanidad
iii) Auto-comprensión
¿Qué hacer?
Liberar la propia
voluntad de la sujeción No hay otros
política no-autorizada
Un ideal de lo “humano”.
Contra-cara: su
“Fuente de valores” carácter regulatorio y
excluyente
Humanismo clásico
Humanismo cívico
Humanismo como cultura
Humanismo como educación y Bildung
Humanismo romántico
Humanismo revolucionario
Humanismo liberal
Humanismo abstracto
Humanismo como religion de la humanidad
Humanismo socialista
Humanismo existencial
Etc.
Anti-humanismo
- Feminismo
- Post-colonialism
- Etc.
Hombre y discurso
Lo otro
“The human of Humanism is
neither an ideal nor an
objective statistical average or
¿Lo humano middle ground. It rather spells
como una clase out a systematized standard or
natural? recognizability –of Sameness-
by which all other can be
assessed, regulated and
allotted to a designed social
location”
(Braidotti, The Posthuman, p. 26)
La dialéctica del humanismo
Pérdida de una
Lo humano es la
unidad de medida,
medida de todas
pérdida de la
las cosas
escala humana
1. Escala cósmica de la
¿No es irrenunciable naturaleza
esta idea? ¿No supone 2. Escala de la tecnología y su
restringirnos a la escala progreso
humana de las cosas? 3. Escala de la historia y de la
sociedad (biopolítica,
discurso, etc.)
Post-humanos
1. Transhumanismo y sus
variantes
Tecnológicas
Individuales
Nick
Bostrom
Globales
Frente a las perspectivas
antropocéntricas y dualistas
Enfrentamiento diferente a la
cuestión de la tecnología,
con su dimensión histórica,
ontológica y existencial
How We Became Posthuman
examines the question of
posthuman existence in
contemporary society by
addressing three key areas—the
dislocation of information from
the body, the creation of the
cyborg as a technological
artefact and cultural icon, and
how a historically specific
construction called ‘the human’
is giving way to a different
construction called ‘the
posthuman’ (Hayles 1999: 2).
“We need to first understand that the human form—including
human desire and all its external representations—may be
changing radically, and thus must be re-visioned. We need to
understand that five hundred years of humanism may be coming to an end,
as humanism transforms itself into something that we must helplessly call
posthumanism”
Antropoceno:
Marco de la ciencia
- Ejemplarizante
1. Acumulación de verdad - Escuela de virtud,
2. Método racional Historia celebración de
3. Saberes universalmente hombres buenos
verdaderos
¿Matemáticas?
Muchas exclusiones
a) Descubrimiento vs. invención humana
b) Lograr certezas solo para aquellas obras que reflejan un sistema
de reglas creado por el hombre
c) Las ciencias naturales pasan a un segundo plano
Secularismo
Naturaleza
Ser sujetos
¿Es necesario aún asumir una noción de sujeto?
La escala de la experiencia es
humana (y no-humana)
La experiencia es la medida
de todas las cosas