MODULE6:

SecondCanonofRhet
ori
c:Ar
rangement

Ov
erv
iew

Thesecondpar
tofcl
assi
calr
het
ori
cis"
arr
angement
"(di
sposi
ti
o).Thebasi
cdi
vi
sions
r
ecogni
zedbyt
hedi
ff
erenthandbooksandappl
yi
ngbestt
ojudi
cialor
ator
yar
e(1)
i
ntr
oduct
ion,(
2)nar
rat
ion,(
3)pr
oofand(
4)concl
usi ogue.Eachpar
on,orepi
l thasi
ts
ownf
unct
ionandchar
act
eri
sti
cs:t
hei
ntr
oduct
ion,f
orexampl
e,ai
msatpr
ovi
dingt
he
i
nter
estand good wi
l
loft
he audi
ence;t
he nar
rat
ion shoul
d be cl
ear
,br
ief
,and
per
suasi
ve;t
hepr
oofst
oresl
ogi
calar
gument
sinsuppor
toft
hespeaker
'sst
andpoi
nt
andal
soseekst
odi
spr
oveobj
ect
ionst
hatmi
ghtbemadeagai
nsti
t;t
heepi
l
oguei
s
of
tendi
vi
dedi
ntoasummar
izat
ionandanemot
ionalappealt
otheaudi
ence.Some
r
het
ori
ciansaddedot
herpar
ts.Att
hebegi
nni
ngoft
hepr
oofof
tena"
proposi
ti
on"anda
"
dist
ri
but
ion"ofheadi
ngsi
sdi
scussed.Somet
imest
her
eiswhati
scal
l
eda"
digr
essi
on"
or"
excur
sus,
"whi
chi
snotsomuchat
ruedev
iat
ionasadi
scussi
onofsomer
elat
ed
mat
tert
hatmayaf
fectt
heout
comeoradescr
ipt
ionoft
hemor
alchar
act
er,whet
her
f
avor
abl
eorunf
avor
abl
e,oft
hosei
nvol
vedi
nthecase.Del
i
ber
ati
vespeechesusual
l
y
hav
eai
ntr
oduct
ion,pr
oof
,andepi
l
ogueandcanof
tenexcl
udeanar
rat
ion.Epi
dei
cti
c
speecheshav
east
ruct
ureoft
hei
rown;
forexampl
easpeechi
npr
aiseofsomeonemay
2
t
akeupt
he"
topi
cs"ofhi
sorhercount
ry,
ancest
ry,
educat
ion,
char
act
er,
andconduct
.

Fi
vePar
tsofDi se2
scour

1.I
ntr
oduct
ion(
exor
dium)
Thei
ntr
oduct
ionser
vest
wopur
poses:t
oinf
ormt
heaudi
enceoft
hesubj
ectof
t
he di
scour
se,and t
orendert
he audi
ence amenabl
etot
he speaker
’s ar
gument
.
Consequent
ly,t
hespeaker
’set
hosi
spar
ti
cul
arl
yimpor
tanther
e. Ther
ear
evar
ious
t
ypesofi
ntr
oduct
ions,
suchas:

 I
ntr
oduct
ioni
nqui
sit
ive:
“Doeshi
stor
yrepeati
tsel
f?”(
Arnol
dToy
nbee)
  I
ntr
oduct
ionpar
adoxi
cal
:“AsIt
ypet
his,hi
ghl
yci
vi
li
zedmenar
efl
yi
ngabov
e,
t
ryi
ngt
oki
l
lme.
”(Geor
geOr
wel
l
)
 I
ntr
oduct
ioncor
rect
ive:
“Thepeanuti
sinf
actaf
rui
t.
”
 I
ntr
oduct
ionpr
epar
ator
y:“
Begi
nni
ngsar
eaptt
obeshadowy
,andsoi
tiswi
th
t
hebegi
nni
ngsoft
hatgr
eatmot
herofl
i
fe,t
hesea.
”(RachelCar
son)
. She
ex
plai
nsanunusual
modeofdev
elopi
nghersubj
ect
.
 I
ntr
oduct
ionnar
rat
ive:
Reci
ti
ngananecdot
e

2.St
atementofFact(
nar
rat
io)
Thi
ssect
ioni
nfor
mst
heaudi
enceoft
heci
rcumst
ancest
hatmustbeknown
bef
oret
hef
ormalar
gumenti
spr
esent
ed. Qui
nti
l
ianadv
isest
hatt
hispor
ti
onoft
he
di
scour
sebecl
ear
,br
ief
,andpl
ausi
ble.

3.Pr
oof
/Conf
ir
mat
ion(
conf
ir
mat
ion)
Thi
sist
hecor
eofdi
scour
se,i
nwhi
cht
hear
gumenti
spr
esent
edandpr
oven.
Gener
all
y,i
tisnotadv
isabl
etopr
esentar
gument
sindescendi
ngor
derofst
rengt
h,asi
t
hasaweakeni
ng,ant
icl
i
mact
icef
fect
.Thepr
opersequenci
ngofar
gument
sdepends
on t
he par
ti
cul
ardi
sposi
ti
on oft
he audi
ence,t
he subj
ect
,the occasi
on,and t
he
subj
ect
ivet
ast
esoft
hespeaker
.

4.Ref
utat
ion(
ref
utat
io)
Ref
utat
ion can be achi
eved i
nav
ari
ety ofway
s,i
ncl
udi
ng l
ogi
calappeal
,
emot
ionalappeal
,et
hicalappeal
,wi
t(j
oke,humor
,sar
casm,puns)
,et
c.I
tshoul
dbe
not
ed t
hatatt
imes i
twi
l
lbe appr
opr
iat
eto pr
esenta r
efut
ati
on bef
ore one’
s
conf
ir
mat
ion.Forexampl
e,i
fanopposi
ngspeakeri
swel
lrecei
ved,
itwi
l
lbev
aluabl
eto
r
efut
ehi
sar
gument
sbef
oreof
fer
ingone’
sown.

5.Concl
usi
on(
per
orat
io)
Ar
ist
otl
eteachest
hatt
heconcl
usi
onoughtt
odof
ourt
hings:

 Rest
atet
hef
act
sandar
gument
s
  Ampl
i
fyt
hef
orceofone’
spoi
ntsanddi
mini
sht
hatofone’
sopponent
’s
 I
nspi
ret
hroughone’
schar
act
er(
ethos)
 Rouseappr
opr
iat
eemot
ions(
pat
hos)

Emot
ionalappeal
stendt
obest
rongesti
nconcl
usi
ons.Qui
nti
l
ianwr
it
est
hat“
iti
sini
ts
powerov
ert
heemot
ionst
hatt
hel
i
feandsoul
ofor
ator
yist
obef
ound.
”

Sour
ces:
1
A Br
iefSummar
yofCl
assi
calRhet
ori
c.Dat
eRet
ri
evedSept
ember27,2019f
rom
ht
tp:
//www.
hcs.
har
var
d.edu/
~rhet
ori
c/summar
y.doc
2
Kennedy
,Geor
geA.A NEW HI
STORY OF CLASSI
CALRHETORI
C.Dat
eRet
ri
eved
Sept
ember 27, 2019 f
rom
ht
tp:
//www.
sjsu.
edu/
peopl
e/cy
nthi
a.r
ost
ankowski
/cour
ses/
HUM1AF14/
s3/
Lect
ure-
12-
Kennedy
-and-
Ari
stot
le-
Readi
ngs.
pdf