Unit 1 Grammar @ Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Present simple Form statement: /you/we/they travel... He/she/it travels... negative: /you/weltheydon'ttravel.. _He/she/it doesn’t travel... question: Do /you/we/they travel Does he/she/it travel. Use Example | current habits Toby walks to work To talk about how often things happen Angela doesn’t visit us very often. Permanent situations Carlo works in a travel agent’. States Do you have an up-to-date passport? General truths and facts Polandis in the European Union. GLE We can also use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis. pares Om "You don't like going by bus, do you?" Actually, I do like going by bus for short distances.’ The bus isn't quicker than the train but it does stop right outside the factory. Present continuous Form statement: 1am driving ... You/we/they are driving ..He/she/it is driving ... negative: _I'mnotdriving ... You/we/they aren't driving ... or Youre/we're/they’re not driving ... He/she/itisn’t driving ... or He’s/she's/it’s not driving ... Am | driving ...? Are you/we/they driving ...?1s he/she/it driving ..? question: Example | Actions happening now Mike s driving to work at the moment. | Temporary series of actions Taxi drivers aren't stopping at the train station because ofthe roadworks. | Temporary situations Are they staying in a hotel near the Olympic stadium? Changing and developing situations Holidays abroad are becoming increasingly popular. ‘Annoying habits (usvally with always) Dadis always leaning the car when I want touse it Present perfect simple Form —_have/has + past parti statement: |/you/we/they have flown... He/she/it has flown... negative: I/you/weltheyhaven’tflown.... __He/she/it hasn't flown... Have l/you/welthey flown. Has he/she/it flown ...? Use Example Situations and states that started in the past and are still true ‘She's had her motorbike for over six years. y i i We've travelled by taxi, bus, plane and train - alin A series of actions continuing up to now the last twenty-four hourst Completed actions at atime in the past which isnot mentioned _| Have you ever flown ina helicopter? Completed actions where the important things the present result _| I've booked the coach tickets.Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Unit 1 © Phrases such as Its the first/second/etc time... are followed by the present perfect simple. SV it’sthesecond time I've been on a plane. © Speakers of American English often use the past simple in situations where speakers of British English would use the present perfect simple. US: We already saw the Sphinx. UK: We've already seen the Sphinx. © Speakers of American English use gotten as the past participle of the verb’get, except when get’ means'have' or possess’. Speakers of British English only ever use got. US: We've already gotten Dan a new backpack for his summer vacation. UK: We've already got Dan a new rucksack for his summer holiday. Present perfect continuous Form statement: /you/we/they have been travelling... _He/she/it has been travelling negative: V/you/we/they haven't been travelling... He/she/it hasn’t been travelling, question: Have l/you/we/they been travelling. Has he/she/it been travelling ..? Use Example Actions continuing up to the present moment We have been driving for hours. Can't we have a break soon? Actions stopping just before the present moment Im out of breath because I've been running to get here in time. ‘The present perfect continuous is often used with words and phrases like all day/week/year/etc, for since, just etc. We've been walking for hours and Ineed a rest © The present perfect continuous is not normally used with the words ever and never. Have you ever flown in a helicopter before? X -Have you ever been flying ina helicopter before? © Sometimes there is very litte difference in meaning between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous and sometimes there isa difference in meaning. V Ihave worked at the airport for four years, = | have been working at the airport forfour years. W Ihave read that book about cruise ships.(| have finished it.) | have been reading that book about cruise ships.(\ have not finished it) Stative verbs Stative verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses because they don't describe actions. ¥ see what you mean. X tamseeing whatyoumean— Stave verbs ten refer to: Example thinking believe, imagine, know, mean, think, understand existence besexist emotions hate ike, love, need, prefer satisty, want the human senses hear, see, smell, sound, taste | appearance appear, look, resemble, seem possession and relationships between things belong to, consist of, have, include, involve,own 1°Z@ Some verbs (such as be, have, imagine, look, se, smell taste think) are stative with one meaning atch o8S andnanstatve vith another meoning ¥, Doyou have your plane ticket with you? (state: possession) Y Are you having lunch at the moment? (action: eating)Unit 1 Grammar A Circle the correct word or phrase. 1 Elizabeth usually goes / is usually going to bed at around eleven o'clock, 2 Dan talks /is talking on the other phone right now. 3 Wedon’t eat /aren’t eating any meat at the moment as we're both on a diet. 4 Does airtravel get /Is air travel getting increasingly safe? 5 Mymum alls /is calling me every weekend without fail. 6 How much do babysitters generally earn / are babysitters generally earning? 7 You always come / You're always coming up with excuses for not having done your homework.It’s so annoying! 8 Idon’t go /1'm not going out much during the week but | always try /'m always trying to.go out somewhere on Saturday night. 9 No,the train does stop /is stopping at Cirencester on Saturdays. 10 My mum takes /is taking part in ice-skating competitions almost every weekend. B Rewrite correctly. Change the words or phrases in bold. 1 Myda often getting up late on Saturday mornings. 2 Are you speaking any other languages apart from English? 3 already buy all my Christmas presents and it’s only October! 4 It’s the first time Fm ever having a party at home. 5 Actually,| think Darren does works quite hard sometimes. 7 Sean already books a table for tonight. 8 Needs Melanie any help painting her new flat? C Complete using the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 Itsthe first time .. Sandy ... 3. They (1/ ever / eat) octopus! (not / see) his sister since she went to university. (go) on holiday to Spain and won't be back until the end of the month. 4 PoorTracy! She hasn't finished! (write) that essay for hours now and she still 5 .» (you / ever / meet) anyone famous? 6 {(1/try) to get in touch with Jenny all morning but I can't find her anywhere. 7 (I/not finish) the book yet so I can't tell you what happens. 8 (you /already / decide) where you're going this summer? 9 (We / live) here for the last six years. 10 (1/ never / hear) such nonsense!Presont time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present pertect continuous, stative verbs Unit 1 D Complete using the words in the box. ready » before « ever « for rely » since « so « sti Have you ‘My dad's lived in the same house The films only been oN ws: I. He's only .. got home. It’s eleven o'clock and Todd I've never met Ruth ... 10 Have you finished woNauauwna E Choose the correct answer. 1 1aM snumn a shower at the moment, so could you call back in about half an hour? A takes B istaking Chas taken D has been taking to Ipswich before? Do you ever go Are you ever going Have you ever been Have you ever been going A B c D BI. to all the local newspapers and TV stations to complain. A already write B already writing C have already written D have already been writing . TV for the last four hours? Turn it off and get some exercise! ‘A Doyouwatch B Are you watching Watched you D Have you been watching 5 Eric, .. just for fun? A do you usually play B are you usually playing C have you usually played D have you usually been playing hockey competitively or 10 dreamt of winning the lottery? I haven't worked out how to set the timer on the video . he was born, w=» @ couple of minutes. Bruce has knocked three men out of the competition . far. get the chance to get any exercise ~ I'm just too busy. hasn't come home, Where could he be? -What's she like? 2 That was quick! That's the first time right today! A Iget B lamgetting C Shave got D thave been getting . an answer Jessica has left, 'm afraid. A already B yet C still D so far Dan amu in the living room while we redecorate his bedroom. A sleeps B issleeping C hasslept D does sleep Unfortunately, Simone .... off very often. A doesn't get B isn't getting hasn't got D hasn't been getting ACTUALY, | anne @ CUP Of tea first thing every morning but then | switch to coffee. A do drink 8 amdrinking C have drunk D have been drinking a day