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Da pent at Home — A PatientCentered Goal and Outcome
Article · Novemer 4, 2016
Adam C. Gro , MD, MA , Carrie H. Colla, PhD & Thoma H. Lee, MD
Dartmouth Intitute for Health Polic and Clinical Practice
AYADA Home Health Care
Pre Gane Aociate
00:00 00:00
Interview with Dr. Thoma Lee on meaure of health care qualit that are mot important to
patient.
Mot meaure of the qualit of health care deliver focu on what health care provider do,
not what patient want. If “highvalue, patientcentered care” i to e more than rhetoric,
health care organization need to meaure outcome that matter to patient. Onl when the
do o will care e deigned and organized in wa that improve thoe outcome.
To undertand how thi approach di仩er from uine a uual, conider “da pent at home
in the lat 6 month of life.” The map how the mean numer of da pent at home
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Medicare eneÍciarie who died in 2012 or 2013, hopital referral region (HRR). HRR are
regional health care market a deÍned on the ai of hitorical hopitaluage pattern.
“Da at home” wa calculated a 180 da minu the numer of inpatient da in an acute
care facilit, an inpatient rehailitation facilit, a killed nuring facilit, or an inpatient
hopice unit.
Mean Numer of Da pent at Home in the Lat 6 Month of Life, Hopital Referral Region, for Medicare
ene ciarie Who Died in 2012 or 2013. Click To nlarge.
A the map ugget, there i utantial variation in the amount of time ding patient in the
United tate pend at home. The mean wa jut 120 (of 180) da in Lo Angele and Miami
and 122 in McAllen, Texa, and Chicago. In Maon Cit, Iowa, ding patient pent an average
of 146 da at home. In Grand Junction, Colorado, the average wa 143; in Rocheter,
Minneota, 142. (A upplementar Appendix providing the mean numer of da for each
HRR i availale at NJM.org.)
If ‘highvalue, patientcentered care’ i to e more than rhetoric, health care
organization need to meaure outcome that matter to patient.”
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Reducing hopitalreadmiion rate i a laudale goal, ut not exactl the ame thing a
tring to maximize the amount of time that frail and ding patient pend at home. Do a few
more week at home in the lat 6 month of life matter? After all, the ultimate clinical
outcome wa the ame, ince all the patient included in the anali died. Furthermore, there
are man patient who prefer not to e at home when the are ick and ding, and for whom
da pent at home are da during which the have lethancomplete relief of dicomfort.
eing home at the end of one’ life will never e a univeral goal, ut our experience and
academic reearch ugget that, all ele eing equal, patient would rather e at home than in
health care facilitie. When urveed aout their preference for dealing with a terminal
illne, mot people (86%) indicated that the would prefer to e at home in their Ínal da. In
addition, the would not want to e on a ventilator in order to gain an extra week of life, and
the are not oppoed to drug that could improve mptom ut potentiall horten life.
Thee preference are highl conitent acro region of the countr and people’
ocioeconomic tatu.1 Depite thi conitenc in endoflife preference, there i wide
regional variation in the intenit of, expenditure on, and location of care provided during
the lat 6 month of life.2
When urveed aout their preference for dealing with a terminal illne, mot
people (86%) indicated that the would prefer to e at home in their nal da.”
Our interet in “da at home” a an outcome meaure wa timulated a comment from
one peron — a famil memer of a patient with a dialing condition, who decried hi
emotion a he and the patient entered the front door of their home after a 6week
hopitalization. “Jut to ee familiar photo on the wall made u feel like we could reathe
again,” he aid. Like man patient and familie, the wanted to maximize the numer of da
the patient could e at home.
A imilar meage emerged from focu group conducted the Camden Clinical
Commiioning Group (CCG) in the United Kingdom, which aked frail elderl patient and
their caregiver, “What i mot important to ou?” The priorit that emerged wa “time pent
at home,” and when the CCG group decided to organize it clinical and communit reource
around that ingle clear goal, the reult included lower ue of hopital and emergenc
department, etter patient experience, and higher clinician morale.3
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12/11/2016 Days Spent at Home — A PatientCentered Goal and Outcome
Relationhip etween Numer of Da with Home Health or Home Hopice ervice in the Lat 6 Month of
Life and Total Numer of Da pent at Home in Thoe 6 Month. Click To nlarge.
An important meage from the Camden CCG experience and from deeper anale of
Medicare data on da at home i that there i a di仩erence etween doing more activitie that
make good ene and organizing around a goal. One might expect that greater ue of home
health and hopice ervice would correlate with more da at home, ut a the graph
how, the oppoite i true. In region where patient had more da on which the received
home health ervice, hopice ervice, or oth, the pent fewer total da at home
(correlation coe핂�cient, –0.53).
Outcome meaure that re ect what trul matter to patient can de ne
performance in wa that increae the engagement of patient, clinician, and
provider organization in the redeign of care.”
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In hort, when provider did more of one thing, the did not do le of another. There i a
di仩erence etween doing more and doing etter. The Camden CCG experience indicate,
however, that when health care provider and communit group collaorate with the goal of
increaing da pent at home, progre can e made.
There are man other important quetion to explore regarding da pent at home in the lat
6 month of life. For example, what ocioeconomic, geographic, cultural, and other
nonmedical contriutor drive preference for pending da at home? Would further anali
how that home hopice care i e仩ective at increaing the numer of da pent at home
when evaluated within a narrower time frame, uch a in the lat 30 da of life? Furthermore,
alternative tpe of pament contract for health care provider ma a仩ect the numer of da
patient pend at home, o the e仩ect of new pament incentive hould e monitored.
Ultimatel, eliciting patient’ preference and organizing care to accommodate individual
patient’ goal i what matter mot.
Health polic often tumle when there i uncertaint aout what we are tring to maximize
in health care. It i clear that one goal i to minimize cot, ut there hould e
counteralancing meaure to e maximized. Mortalit i not a u핂�cient meaure to deÍne
excellence in care; in fact, no ingle performance metric will u핂�ce. Outcome meaure that
reôect what trul matter to patient can deÍne performance in wa that increae the
engagement of patient, clinician, and provider organization in the redeign of care.
OURC INFORMATION
From the Dartmouth Intitute for Health Polic and Clinical Practice, Leanon, NH (A.C.G.,
C.H.C.); aada Home Health Care, Mooretown, NJ (A.C.G.), and Harvard Medical chool,
oton (T.H.L.); and Pre Gane, WakeÍeld (T.H.L.) — oth in Maachuett.
1. arnato A, Herndon M, Anthon DL, et al. Are regional variation in endoflife care
intenit explained patient preference? A tud of the U Medicare population. Med Care
2007;45:386393.
CroRef | We of cience | Medline
2. Wennerg J, Cooper M. The Dartmouth atla of health care. Leanon, NH: Dartmouth
Intitute (http://www.dartmouthatla.org).
3. aer C. “Time pent at home” — a patientdeÍned outcome. NJM Catalt. April 26, 2016
(http://catalt.nejm.org/timepentathomeapatientdeÍnedoutcome).
Thi Perpective article originall appeared in The New ngland Journal of Medicine.
http://catalyst.nejm.org/daysspentathomepatientcentered/ 5/23
12/11/2016 Days Spent at Home — A PatientCentered Goal and Outcome
Adam C. Gro , MD, MA
Chief Medical O cer, AYADA Home Health Care; Aitant Profeor of urger
and the Dartmouth Intitute, Dartmouth Intitute for Health Polic & Clinical
Practice, Geiel chool of Medicine
Carrie H. Colla, PhD
Aociate Profeor, Dartmouth Intitute for Health Polic & Clinical Practice, Geiel
chool of Medicine
Thoma H. Lee, MD
Chief Medical O cer, Pre Gane Aociate, Inc.; Memer of the ditorial oard,
The New ngland Journal of Medicine
DICU
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