Ship sale and purchase

Fuel consumption

Fuel consumption

A) Bunker calculation

The basic formula used for calculating the bunker quantity in weight is:

Mass = Volume x Density

 The volume of a definite quantity of bunker increases with increase in

temperature whereas its weight remains the same.
 For this reason, the bunker is always ordered and measured in weight and
not by volume.
 It is to be noted that in the above formula, the density and volume of bunker
fuel should be known at the same temperature
 Tank sounding, list correction ,trim correction ,final volume calculation

 The density of fuel oil (in kg/m3) at a standard reference temperature of

15⁰C is always provided by the supplier in Bunker Delivery Note
 . With this, the density of fuel oil at tank temperature can be determined using
ASTM table or using software most commonly installed on all ship’s computer.
 The formula used to calculate the Temperature Corrected Density is:

 = (Density of Fuel Oil @ 15⁰C) x [1- {(T-15) x 0.00064}]

 Where:
T = temperature of oil in bunker tanks in degree Celsius,
0.00064 = Correction factor
  Since the bunker oil is normally supplied to the vessel at a temperature higher
than 15⁰C, the formula used for calculating the bunker quantity in weight will
be:

 Metric Tonnes = (Actual Sounder Volume) X (Temperature Corrected

Density)

 The corresponding values of each tank are tabulated for easy reading and
the total weight of bunker quantity is calculated.

B) Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) at MCR –This is used in new building
ship parameter

C) Specific fuel oil consumption is the measure of the mass of fuel consumed per
unit time to produce per KW. The marine engine efficiency is usually
determined using the SFOC.

D) In order to achieve accuracy, the fuel consumption and power developed is

always measured over a suitable time period on a good weather. The formula
used for calculating SFOC is:

E) SFOC (g/kwh) = Mass of fuel consumed per hour / Power developed in

KW

F) Looks 1hr cons +1hr kw generation

G) Say 100,000 gm =1 ton fuel used

H) Statement should not be more than 1.2 ton

Massof fuel (g)

Hour *power developed KW

5. Guaranteed Fuel Oil Consumption:

The BUILDER guarantees the fuel oil consumption of Main Engine as

determined by shop trial as specified in the

Specifications, at normal rating to be not more than [ ] grams/kW/hour

using “A” Oil on the basis of lower calorific value of

[ ] kJ/kg taking into consideration Nox restriction of the IMO (herein

called the “Guaranteed Fuel Oil Consumption”)

Newbuildcon

Fuel Consumption - The fuel consumption of the main engine on the test bed
using fuel of the type and specification stated in Box 4C(vii) shall not exceed
the number of grams per kilowatt/hour stated in Box 4C(iv) when the engine
develops the number of kilowatts with an effective calorific value of the number
of kilocalories per kilogram stated in Box 4C(ii) and Box 4C(vii) respectively.
Calculation:

Volume of oil used in 1 hr

The readings of the flow meter to the main engine should be noted over the
specified time interval say 1 hour. With the difference in readings, the volume
of fuel consumed is obtained. It can also be measured by noting down the HFO
service tank reading provided the oil is being supplied only to the main engine.

The mass of the observed volume of fuel consumed can be determined by

following the above-said bunker calculation procedure

 The horsepower can be measured using dynamometer if fitted on the

shaft of the engine which will indicate the BHP in the digital indicator. If not,
the horsepower can also be calculated using engine rpm and average pump fuel
index with the aid of engine characteristic curve of various sea trials which is
supplied by the manufacturer.

 However, the calorific value of the fuel used for sea trial may differ and
hence compensation factor has to be determined to obtain the accuracy in
calculation.

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Maximum Continuous Rating or MCR: It is the maximum power
output engine can produce while running continuously at safe limits and
conditions. It is specified on the engine nameplate and in the Technical
File of the marine diesel engine.
 Important engine parameters such as specific fuel consumption,
engine performance etc. are derived using %MCR rating of the engine.
Equipment like VIT also works in conjunction with the MCR rating of the
engine to achieve better fuel efficiency.

Average speed
 If reduction is more than .2 kntos then every .1 knot reduction will be
50000 eur

Example as per contract 16 knots

2/10 =.2 knots = 15.8 knots

Guaranteed Reduction Then actual Penalty

speed of speed speed
16 2/10 =.2 15.8 base Nil
line
15.8- 15.75 For .1
15.75 knot .05* (50000 /.1) = 25000.00
=0.5 p=50000
15.8- 15.25 .55*(50000/.1)=275000.00
15.25 Max amount reached :250000.00
=0.55 Invoke clause 13.3
If sea trial gives 15.25 knots
,greater than the max reduction
amout ,then buyer can cancel the
contract
 Dummy example

Guaranteed Reduction Then Speed range

speed of speed actual
speed
20 2/10 of 19.8 20-19.8 base No penalty
knot = .2 line :19.8
knots
Reduction 19.7 50000 *1
of speed EUR
>.2 say .3
.4 19.6 50000*2
.5 19.5 50000*3
.6 19.4 50000*4
.7 19.3 50000*5
.8 19.2 50000*6
.9 19.1 50000*7
1 19.0 50000*8
 Other contract clauses
2.Speed:
(a) The Contract Price shall not be affected or changed by reason of the actual speed, as
determined by the trial run, being not more than three-tenths (3/10) of one knot below the
guaranteed speed of the VESSEL.

(b) However, exceeding such deficiency of three-tenths (3/10) of one (1) knot in actual speed
below the guaranteed speed of
the VESSEL, the Contract Price shall be reduced as follows (but disregarding fractions of
one-tenth (1/10) of a knot):
For Three-tenths (3/10) of a knot ____________
For Four-tenths (4/10) of a knot ____________
For Five-tenths (5/10) of a knot ____________
For Six-tenths (6/10) of a knot ____________
For Seven-tenths (7/10) of a knot ____________
For Eight-tenths (8/10) of a knot ____________
For Nine-tenths (9/10) of a knot ____________
For One (1) knot ________________________

(c) if the deficiency in actual speed of the VESSEL upon trial run is more than one (1) full
knot below the guaranteed speed of
the VESSEL, then the BUYER may, at its option, reject the VESSEL and rescind this
Contract in accordance with the
provisions of Article X hereof, or may accept the VESSEL at a reduction in the Contract
Price as above provided for one
(1) full knot only, that is, a total reduction of [

If 20 knots is guaranteed speed then

3/10 of 20 knots = 6 knots if reduction is 6 knots therefore 20-14 knots

Speed observed no penalty