INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

(OR)
BASICS
TOPIC-1: COMPUTER

C – Commonly
O – Operated
M – Machine
P – Particularly
U – used for
T – Trading
E – Education
R – Research

 It is just like a calculator machine.

 It is an electronic device. Because it is fabricated
with the help of electronic components like resistors,
capacitors, transistors & Ic- technologies etc. (ic means
integrated circuit).
 It is a high speed calculating machine. Computers
calculating speed can be expressed in terms
Milli seconds – 10-3 sec=1/103 = 1sec/1000 cal
Micro seconds - 10-6 (10 L)

Nano seconds – 10-9 (100 cr)

Pico seconds – 10-12 (1 lak cr)

 It takes the data, Process the data and gives

information.
Ex: 2+3 add 5
Data process information
 Computer is user-friendly machine.
Note: Charles Babbage is the father of computers. He released a
machine called “ analytical engine”.
 The first electronic computers are called ‘ENIAC’ and

‘EDVAC’ released based on analytical engine.

ENIAC: Electronic numerical integrator automatic calculator.
EDVAC: Electronic discrete variable automatic computer.

TOPIC 2
PARTS OF A COMPUTER

Block diagram of a computer

MU- MEMORY UNIT

CU- CONTROL UNIT
ALU - ARITHMETIC & LOGICAL UNIT
CPU- CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

From the block diagram the main parts are

1. INPUT UNIT
2. CPU
3. OUTPUT UNIT

1.INPUT UNIT:
 It is used to enter data and
information.
 The standard input unit is keyboard.
Ex: keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick
etc.

2.CPU:
 It stands for central processing unit.
 It is the heart of a computer.
 It is again divided into three parts.
They are
a) Memory unit (MU)
b) Control unit ( CU)
c) Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)

a)Memory unit: It is a storage place to

store data and information.
b)Control unit: It controls all parts of a
computer. It is also used to provide
interaction among different units.
c).Alu: It is used to perform all
arithmetic (+, -, x ….) and logical ( < , >
, = , ) operations.

3.OUTPUT UNIT:
 It is used to show the data and information to the
outside.
 The standard output unit is monitor.
Ex: monitor, printer, plotters, Speakers and
Projector….etc.