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    4 views34 pages

    3

    Uploaded by

    M Rajesh Naik

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 34

    RGUKT

    RKV Review of last class

     Symmetry

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry

     The plane can be mostly tiled by equilateral


    triangle, by square or by regular hexagonal.

    Why there is no tiling by regular pentagons?

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry

    Why there is no tiling by regular pentagons?

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry

    ma
    2Cos(360º/n)=m

    m is an interger

    n= 1,2,3,4,6

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry
    n= 1,2,3,4,6
    Therefore in the lattice, one-, two-, three-, four-, and sixfold
    rotation points are only allowed .
    Five fold, sevenfold and eightfold symmetries are not possible in
    crystallography.

    Five fold Eight fold


    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry

    Five fold and eightfold symmetries in Nature

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Symmetry

    Football

    Is it possible to fill all by hexagon? No


    Why football out layer is not fully filled by hexagon?

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV

    Hexagon is a crystal not a lattice


    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
    RGUKT
    RKV

     Most elemental metals (about 90%) crystallize upon solidification

    into three densely packed crystal structures:

     Body centered cubic (BCC)

     Face centered cubic (FCC) and

     Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Characteristics of unit cell

     Number of atoms per unit cell

    Corner = 1/8
    Face = ½
    Body = 1

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Characteristics of unit cell

     Coordination number All the lattice points in a Bravais


    lattice have equivalent positions in
    space and they have identical
    surroundings.
    Therefore, each point has the same
    number of nearest neighbours (points
    that are the closest to it) and this
    number is called the coordination
    number

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Characteristics of unit cell
     Filling Factor

    fraction of the total crystal volume filled


    with atoms

    also known as “atomic packing factor” or “packing fraction”

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Characteristics of unit cell

     Density

    n = number of atoms associated with each unit cell


    A= atomic weight
    Vc = volume of the unit cell
    NA =Avogadro’s number (6.023 x 1023 atoms/mol)

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    A
    A
    A
    A

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    A
    B
    A
    B
    A

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences

    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences
    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences
    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences
    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences
    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences
    Sequence arrangement

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Stacking sequences
    Sequence arrangement

    ABCABC ABABAB

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV Simple cubic

     Number of atoms per unit cell 1

     Coordination number 6

     Atomic Packing Factor

    a=2r Ans: 0.52


    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
    RGUKT
    RKV
    Body centered cubic

     Number of atoms per unit cell 2

     Coordination number 8

     Atomic Packing Factor

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV
    Body centered cubic

     Number of atoms per unit cell 2

     Coordination number 8

     Atomic Packing Factor

    Ans: 0.68
    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
    RGUKT
    RKV
    Face centered cubic

     Number of atoms per unit cell 4

     Coordination number 12

     Atomic Packing Factor

    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


    RGUKT
    RKV
    Face centered cubic

     Number of atoms per unit cell 4

     Coordination number 12

     Atomic Packing Factor

    Ans: 0.74
    Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

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