Experiment No 4.

Testing of Electronic Components

Date:
Aim: To test the working condition of electronic components such as Resistor,
Capacitor, Diode, Transistor using multimeter.

Student Objective
Component testing
1. Fixed and variable resistor value determination using multimeter
2. Study how any variable voltage can be derived using a rheostat from a fixed DC source
3. Checking of Disk and Electrolytic capacitors
4. Cecking of Diode 1N4001
5. Checking of given transistor BC 107, SL 100 and BF 494 and 2N3055

Note: Analogue meters may have the polarity of their red and black meter leads
reversed when in resistance range

Procedure: (Write in your own words the steps you followed while performing the experiment.
The rough record would not be evaluated without procedure)

Resistance checking and Value determination

• Select resistance range on the given analog multimeter. When testing a resistor, the
multimeter passes a known amount of electrical current through the resistor utilizing the
power from the inbuilt battery
• The first step when using the Ohm meter is to Zero the Meter needle. This is
accomplished by shorting the tips of the Red and Black meter leads. Use the Zero Ohms
(Ω) adjust knob to adjust the needle if needed to read Zero Ohms.
• The meter reading is most accurate if you adjust the selector switch for a reading /
measurement which is mid range on the scale.
• The device containing the resistor being tested should invariably be unplugged and turned
off. Once you place the probes against the resistor’s leads, you should receive a value for
the resistor.

1
 Fixed Resistor

Colour Band 1 2 3 4 5

First

Second

Third Black Brown Red Orange Yellow

Fourth
Value as per color
code
Tolerance %
Measured Value
using meter

Variable Resistor

Potentiometer Resistance
POT Shaft
RBC RAC RAB RBC+RAB
position
Fully CW
Centre
Fully CCW

Capacitance checking

• Make sure the capacitor under check is fully discharged.

• Select resistance range on the given analog multimeter and select the higher range of
Ohms and do zero correction.
• Connect the Meter leads to the Capacitor terminals. Note the reading carefully
.
For disk and electrolytic capacitors, shorted capacitor will show very low Resistance.Open
Capacitors: An Open Capacitor will not show any movement (Deflection) on OHM meter

2
Screen. For good electrolytic capacitors, initially, it will show low resistance, and then gradually
increases toward the infinite. It means that Capacitor is in Good Condition.

Capacitance checking observation

Sl No Value Type Meter motion noted Inference

1 Disc

2 Disc

3 Electrolytic

4 Electrolytic

Diode checking

• Identify the cathode and anode of the diode

• Switch the given analog multimeter to resistance mode and adjust for zero correction
• Multimeter Positive jack is having negative polarity and vice versa
• Connecte multimeter probes to diode leads. During forward biased the resistance
indicated is lower and while reverse biased the resistance is larger. This shows the diode
under test is a good one.

Diode checking observation

Sl No Type Forward resistance Reverse resistance Inference

1 1N4007

2 By 127

3 OA 79

3
 Transistor checking

• Identify the pins emitter base and collector using pen layout for the particular transistor
package
• Switch the given analog multimeter to resistance mode and adjust for zero correction.
Multimeter Positive jack is having negative polarity and vice versa
• Identify the junctions within the transistor and check the individual junctions. Connect
multimeter probes to the leads. During forward biased the resistance indicated is lower
and while reverse biased the resistance is larger for the particular junction. Repeat this
test for the other junction also.
• Test for short circuit between collector and emitter. Test the resistance between collector
and emitter. Then reverse the positive and negative meter connections and test again.If
the meter reads zero or a few ohms only, there is a short circuit between collector and
emitter and the transistor is faulty. Both readings must be infinity or a very high
resistance value.
• If the two conditions given above are satisfied the transistor is OK.

4
 Forward Reverse
CE resistance
Transistor Type resistance Resistance Inference
CB BE CB BE Case 1 Case 2
BC 107 NPN

SL 100 NPN

SK 100 PNP

BF 494 NPN

2N3055 NPN

Result

The given active and passive components were checked using analog multimeter and
verified the working status