PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Date 2019-12-17

Words 977

39% 61% Characters 6402

Plagiarised Unique
Exculde URL None

Content Checked For Plagiarism

2.1 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF DIGITAL FABRICATION 2.1.1 What is digital fabrication? Digital fabrication is defined as computer-
aided processes that manipulate material through subtractive or additive methods. These processes can be broken down into two groups:
computer numerical control (CNC) processes and rapid prototyping (RP) processes. The fundamental difference between these two is that the
CNC processes create objects by removing material (subtractive) while RP processes create objects by building it up layer-by-layer (additive). A
few examples of CNC processes are milling, waterjet cutting, and laser cutting. RP processes include three-dimensional printing,
stereolithography, and fused-deposition modeling. 2.1.2 Various types of digital manufacturing 2.1.2.1 Additive manufacturing Additive
manufacturing (am) is the industrial production name for 3d printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by
depositing materials, usually in layers. There are number of distinct am processes with their own standards, which include: Binder jetting This
technique uses a 3d printing style head moving on x, y and z axes to deposit alternating layers of powdered material and a liquid binder as an
adhesive. Directed energy deposition Direct energy deposition additive manufacturing can be used with a wide variety of materials including
ceramics, metals and polymers. A laser, electric arc or an electron beam gun mounted on an arm moves horizontally melting wire, filament
feedstock or powder to build up material as a bed moves vertically. Material extrusion This common am process uses spooled polymers which are
either extruded or drawn through a heated nozzle which is mounted on a movable arm. This builds melted material layer by layer as the nozzle
moves horizontally and the bed moves vertically. The layers adhere through temperature control or chemical bonding agents. Powder bed fusion
Powder bed fusion encompasses a variety of am techniques including direct metal laser melting (dmlm), direct metal laser sintering (dmls), and
electron beam melting (ebm), selective laser sintering (sls) and selective heat sintering (shs). Electron beams, lasers or thermal print heads are
used to melt or partially melt fine layers of material after which excess powder is blasted away. Sheet lamination Sheet lamination can be split into
two technologies; laminated object manufacturing (lom) and ultrasonic additive manufacturing (uam). Laminated object manufacturing is suited to
creating items with visual or aesthetic appeal and uses alternate layers of paper and adhesive. Uam uses ultrasonic welding to join thin metal
sheets; a low energy, low temperature process, uam can be used with various metals such as aluminium, stainless steel and titanium. Vat
polymerization This process uses a vat of liquid resin photopolymer to create an object layer by layer. Mirrors are used to direct ultraviolet light
which cures each resin layer through photopolymerisation. Wire arc additive manufacturing Wire arc additive manufacturing uses arc welding
power sources and manipulators to build 3d shapes through arc deposition. This process commonly uses wire as a material source and follows a
predetermined path to create the desired shape. This method of additive manufacture is usually performed using robotic welding equipment.
Additive manufacturing technologies Am technologies can be broadly divided into three types. • The first of which is sintering whereby the material
is heated without being liquified to create complex high resolution objects. Direct metal laser sintering uses metal powder whereas selective laser
sintering uses a laser on thermoplastic powders so that the particles stick together. • The second am technology fully melts the materials, this
includes direct laser metal sintering which uses a laser to melt layers of metal powder and electron beam melting, which uses electron beams to
melt the powders. • The third broad type of technology is stereo lithography, which uses a process called photopolymerisation, whereby an
ultraviolet laser is fired into a vat of photopolymer resin to create torque-resistant ceramic parts able to endure extreme temperatures. 2.1.2.2
Subtractive manufacturing Subtractive manufacturing or subtractive fabrication involves cutting away from a solid block of material. It could be a
block of, for example, metal, plastic, or wood. A milling machine cutting/hollowing out a piece of metal or plastic is an example of subtractive
manufacturing. Subtractive manufacturing by manually cutting the material is also possible. In fact, before the industrial revolution, that was how
most of it was done. “Manufacturing processes based on controlled removal of undesired materials through cutting, drilling or milling to achieve the
desired forms.” It contrasts with additive manufacturing. CNC machining is a prominent process of subtractive manufacturing. A product starts out
as a block of material large enough to make the part. Through a milling process, cutting tools remove material from the block until the finished part
is made. • 3-axis CNC machine: A 3-axis CNC uses a combination of three directions, known as the X, Y, and Z axes, to produce a part. The
CNC's table moves back and forth, side to side, and the spindle holding the cutting tool moves up and down. Work can only be done on one plane
of the block at a time. Then the machine has to be stopped and the block rotated to a new position if the part requires work on another plane. • 5-
axis CNC machine: A 5-axis CNC machine is able to work on more than one plane without the need to readjust the blank. The table is able to
move into a vertical position and the spindle holding the cutting tool can move into a horizontal position. 5-axis CNC can accomplish very intricate
work. • One benefit of CNC machining is the cost-competitiveness of producing parts in volumes of several hundred. The making of the same part
can accurately be duplicated over and over. Critical tolerances can also be achieved. Disadvantages include the labor cost involved in the setup
process or the repositioning of parts. Skilled machinist and operators are required. Also, you must pay for the amount of material needed to start
the process, not the material left after the part is finished. The complexity of part design is also limited.

Matched Source

Similarity 24%
Title: What is Additive Manufacturing? - Definition and Processes - TWI
additive manufacturing (am) is the industrial production name for 3d printing, a computerhow does additive manufacturing work? using
computer aided design (cad) or 3d object scanners, additive manufacturing allows for the creation of objects with precise geometric shapes.

https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-additive-manufacturing

Similarity 28%
Title: digital fabrication // | stratae
these processes can be broken down into two groups: computer numerical control (cnc) processes and rapid prototyping (rp) processes.a few
examples of cnc processes are milling, waterjet cutting, and laser cutting. rp processes include three-dimensional printing...

https://www.strata-e.com/rapid-prototyping-?lightbox=image_k9d

Similarity 10%
Title: Digital Fabrication in the Architectural Design Proces | 3 D Printing...
rp processes include three-dimensional printing, stereolithography, and fused-deposition modeling. researchers began contemplating the
"automatic model shop"' thirty years ago when they became aware of the possibilities provided by 1 william m. newman and robert f. sproull,
principles...

https://www.scribd.com/document/187799776/Digital-Fabrication-in-the-Architectural-Design-Proces

Similarity 5%
Title: Welding Enclosures for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
twi (the welding institute) states that: “wire arc additive manufacturing uses arc welding power sources and manipulators to build 3d shapes
through arc deposition. this process commonly uses wire as a material source and follows a predetermined path to create the desired shape.

https://www.argweld.us/index.php/en_gb/news/latest-news/3158-welding-enclosures-for-wire-arc-additive-manufacturing

Similarity 5%
Title: Details for huntingdon fusion techniques - OilVoice
this process commonly uses wire as a material source and follows a predetermined path to create the desired shape.due to the constant
upward trends in quality control procedures, there is growing pressure on the process industries to carry out their welding in the absence of
oxygen to an...

https://oilvoice.com/tag/7473

Similarity 10%
Title: What is subtractive manufacturing? Definition and examples
subtractive manufacturing or subtractive fabrication involves cutting away from a solid block of material. it could be a block of, for example,
metal, plastic, or wood.subtractive manufacturing by manually cutting the material is also possible. in fact, before the industrial revolution, that
was how...

https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/subtractive-manufacturing/

Similarity 3%
Title: Robotics Flashcards | Quizlet
manufacturing processes based on controlled removal of undesired materials through cutting, drilling or milling to achieve the desired forms.
formula for force. f=ma. pententiometer. controls voltage. normal range of servo motor. 180 degrees.

https://quizlet.com/415017365/robotics-flash-cards/

Similarity 5%
Title: 3 Types of Manufacturing - Additive, Subtractive, and Forming
cnc machining is a prominent process of subtractive manufacturing. a product starts out as a block of material large enough to make the part.
through a milling process, cutting tools remove material from the block until the finished part is made.

https://www.techzone360.com/topics/techzone/articles/2019/09/09/443185-3-types-manufacturing-additive-subtractive-forming.htm