ORTHODOX CONSERVATIVE
1. History By Rabbi Moses Sofer in 19th
century.
2. Governing Principles Adherence to both written and oral
Torah, and both of it cmae from
God that should be followed.
3. Views on God Monotheistic.
4. Interpretations of text Hold that such information is the
and laws exact words of God and doesn’t
represent any human creativity or
influence.
5. Role of women Men and women sit separately in
the synagogue.
Not ordained as rabbis and they do
not count in Minyan.
REFORM
Founded by Zacharias Frankel It started in 1800s in Germany.
(who also founded the Jewish
Theological of Breslau, 1854) and
Solomon Schechter.
Emphasize the importance of the Allows for substantial
traditional Jewsih texts to guide individualism but requires basic
ethics and practice. principles to be followed or
accepted
Monotheistic. Monotheistics.
Hebrews and Jewish texts leads to Torah was written by human
wisdom, so the culture emphasizes hands, with divine inspiration.
the importance of learning. Teaches Judaism’s ethical laws are
Modern Jews should study Torah binding, while ritual laws can be
in the eyes of a modern person and adopted to fit modern society.
not of their ancestors. They
practice traditional Judaism but
interprets Jewish teaching in the
light of contemporary knowledge
and scholarship.
Allows gradual change in law and
practice but only if the change is in
harmony with Jewish tradition.
Men and Women can sit together. Women are allowed to participate
in ordained roles and can sit
together.
Treat others equally.
They can be rabbis.
 Women are primarily responsible
for ritual purity by faithfully
upholding the laws of Middah.

6. Views on Jerusalem Jerusalem is the holiest or most The land of Israel is the most Jerusalem is not a physical place
sacred city. important spiritual center. but a place of ethical values in the
hearts of the Jews.

7. Language Synagouge services are conducted Hebrew is predominant but the Use the native language.
in Hebrew. native language of the worshippers Belief that the process of
are used as well. reinterpretation of the Torah to the
language of today is ongoing.

JUDAISM o A Kosher dish should have two sets; one for dairy and one
for meat.
 One of the oldest Religion in the World. o Animals should be slaughtered in a special manner.
 They considered man as the highest persons and is considered as the  Jewish worship is weekly observance of the Sabbath.
head of the religion.  From sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday is dedicated to rest and
worship.
TYPES JUDAISM:
CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM
Orthodox Judaism
 The character of Jewish life should be in harmony with but not
 Reaction to modernity. rigidly bound by the Torah and Talmud.
 They are the product of the separation of conservative sects from  1983, during the conservative convention, they finally approved of
reform-minded groups. the ordination of women.
 Emerged in the 19th century in Bratislava; Present day Slovakia.  1985, Amy Eilberg, first conservative woman rabbi.
 Teaches that traditional Jewish law, is the ultimate religious authority  1984, they admitted 18 women to Jewish Theological Seminary in
that binds all Jews. 1984.
 Modern interpretation of the Bible that treat sacred Jewish works as  REFORM JUDAISM
mythical or fictional history is rejected.  Founded by Abraham Geiger.
 They follow a strict diet code of Kashrut:  Emphasize the values and ethics over traditions and ceremony.
o Pork and Shellfish are Trefy.  He fostered the pursuit of Justice and Liberty.
o They eat only the Kosher, foods that are listed in Leviticus.  Jews should not wait the coming of a personal Messiah, but instead
o Fish must’ve both scales and fins. prepare for a Messianic age characterized by equality, freedom and
o Meat and dairy products are not to be mixed. brotherhood.
  Giving the traditional belief a modern view in the modern society.
 It also mean to connect with the non-Jews.
 The temple that needed to be build should be the spiritual structure of
values, justice and of freedom.
 Jerusalem was not a physical place.
 To fulfill their mission, they must spiritualize humanity by being an
ZIONISM
example of openness and enlightenment.
HOLOCAUST
 The mass slaughter of European civilians particularly the six million
Jews by the Nazis during the WWII.
 “Burned whole.”
 27th day of the Hebrew month of Ninsan (April or May in the
Gregorian calendar) as Holocaust Remembrance Day.
 The rise of the arab nationalism resulted in the mass migration of
Jews from the middle Eastern countries into Israel.
 Is a movement that sought the establishment of a Jewish state in
Palestine.
 Mount Zion, the hill which Jerusalem was built was use as a symbol
of a lost homeland or a future state in which Jews will live in peace
with all people.